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Topic: Juvenile Delinquents Act

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2002

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	The Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court
		The welfare of the juvenile and the family, the saftey of the community, and the protection of the rights of victims are the highest concern in the court's proceedings.
		The juvenile has the right to be represented by a lawyer at the detention hearing, the right to remain silent concerning the accusation of delinquency and to be informed of the contents of the petition.
		If the juvenile is placed on probation under the supervision of a probation counselor, the juvenile and the juvenile's parents must cooperate with the probation counselor and obey the conditions of probation made by the court at the time of disposition.
	www.courts.state.va.us /jdrdc/jdrdc.htm (3859 words)

	Juvenile Delinquents Act - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The objective of the Juvenile Delinquents Act was to rehabilitate and reform, not to punish.
		The definition of "delinquency" was so broad that youths could be charged for breaking minor municipal bylaws, even for truancy, coming home late, or loitering.
		Problems with the Act led to demands for changes, and it was revised in 1929.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Juvenile_Delinquents_Act (451 words)

	Juvenile Delinquency
		Juvenile delinquency, in social science, refers primarily to social acts of juveniles that are defined and evaluated as deviant or antisocial by legal or social norms and that are usually socially learned.
		The precise legal definition of a "juvenile delinquent" or "young offender" is someone between 12 and 17 years of age who through the due process of law has been found to have violated criminal legislation and is therefore subject to punishments determined by a youth court.
		The official statistics on delinquency gathered from the records of public agencies, eg, the police, juvenile courts and correctional institutions, and published by the Centre for Justice Statistics at Statistics Canada are valuable but reflect the actions of officials rather than children.
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /PrinterFriendly.cfm?Params=A1ARTA0004204 (1406 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Juvenile delinquency (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Juvenile delinquency refers to antisocial or criminal acts performed by juveniles.
		It is an important social issue because juveniles are capable of committing serious crimes, but society must also recognize that responsibility for juvenile behavior goes beyond the juveniles themselves.
		Juvenile Delinquency refers to either violent or non-violent crime committed by persons who are usually under the age of 16 years.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Juvenile_delinquency (411 words)

	National Alliance to End Homelessness: Policy: Policy Focus Areas: Youth
		The Runaway and Homeless Youth Act is the leading federal legislation focused on ending youth homelessness by funding emergency shelter tied to family reunification, street-based outreach, and transitional housing.
		Juvenile justice in the United States has predominantly been the province of the states and their localities.
		The first juvenile court in America was founded in 1899 in Cook County, Illinois, and, by 1925, all but two states had established juvenile court systems.
	www.endhomelessness.org /section/policy/focusareas/youth (1108 words)

	JUSTICE FOR YOUNG OFFENDERS
		While the Juvenile Delinquent Act, given Royal Assent in 1908, was the first legislation to fully distinguish child offenders from adult criminals through the creation of a separate youth justice system, the JDA was not the first legislative indication of the Canadian government's commitment to differential treatment of delinquent youths (Jones, 1997).
		Section 8 of the JDA states that: "Due notice of the hearing of any charge of delinquency shall be served on the parent or parents or the guardian of the child..." This provision was included to ensure that the best interests of the child could be assessed by the court.
		The intention of the Juvenile Delinquents Act was to remove the stigma attached to young offenders, as evidenced by the preamble of the Act, which states that it is "inexpedient that youthful offenders be classed...
	www.johnhoward.ab.ca /PUB/C10.htm (8173 words)

	The evolution of juvenile justice in Canada - The International Cooperation Group (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Reformers persuaded the federal government to enact the Juvenile Delinquents Act[9] in 1908, the spirit of which was to make the treatment of accused delinquents more of a social welfare exercise than a judicial process.
		The Juvenile Delinquents Act was philosophically grounded in the doctrine of parens patriae, which held that the state could intervene as a "kindly parent" in situations where a family could not provide for the needs of its children.
		The juvenile justice system was now governed by the overarching principle of the best interests of the child ; consequently, due process rights were minimised in the interests of an informal process and the promotion of the welfare of children.
	canada.justice.gc.ca /en/ps/inter/juv_jus_min/sec02.html (767 words)

	Mapleleafweb.com: Youth Criminal Justice Act - The Juvenile Delinquents Act
		Judges had enormous discretion in sentencing juvenile delinquents.
		Therefore, a child could be sentenced to a reformatory or institution for an indeterminate term for performing an act that an adult could perform legally.
		Finally, a JDA amendment stated that, in order to appeal his sentence, a convicted youth had to obtain special permission from a Supreme Court judge.
	www.mapleleafweb.com /features/crime/youth-act/juvenile-delinquents-act.html (627 words)

	A LAYPERSON'S GUIDE TO THE YOUNG OFFENDERS ACT AND THE YOUTH CRIMINAL JUSTICE ACT (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Juvenile court reform was only a part of a larger social movement to clear slum tenements, to enact and enforce humane factory laws, to ameliorate prison conditions and save future generations from misery, pauperism and crime.
		This marked a change from the Juvenile Delinquents Act which allowed a parent to be ordered to pay a fine, or damages or costs if the court was "satisfied that the parent or guardian had conduced to the commission of the offence by neglecting to exercise due care of the child or otherwise".
		The Young Offenders Act requires police to tell a young person that he or she is under no obligation to give a statement and that any statement given by him may be used as evidence in court proceedings.
	www.lawyers.ca /dharris/yoaycja.htm (8702 words)

	Youth Criminal Justice Act - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Youth Criminal Justice Act is a piece of Canadian legislation passed in 2002 that determines the way in which youths are prosecuted under Canada's criminal justice system.
		Under The Young Offenders Act they were called "Alternative Measures Programs." These programs are intended to help youths learn from their mistakes before they develop criminal records and in some programs the young person apologizes to the victim.
		Trials under The Youth Criminal Justice Act are held in either family court or youth justice court, depending on the province or territory.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Youth_Criminal_Justice_Act (1008 words)

	About Juvenile Delinquents (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The legal definition of a Juvenile Delinquent is a person between the ages of 7 and 16 who commits an act which would be a crime if that person were an adult.
		Disposition of a juvenile by the court is based on the best interests of the juvenile while at the same time protecting the community.
		Juveniles are tested and assigned to classes based on their functional reading level.
	www.aboutjuveniledelinquents.com /FAQ.htm (978 words)

	Young Offenders Act (86-13e) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Moreover, juvenile delinquents were denied basic elements of due process: such things as a clear right to counsel, rights of appeal, and definite, as opposed to open-ended, sentences.
		The Act sets out a strict procedure for the commencement of proceedings, whereby the court must actually read out the information to the accused, and, where the accused is unrepresented, inform him or her of the right to counsel.
		Section 20 of the Act was amended to permit a Youth Court Judge to sentence a young offender found guilty of first or second degree murder to a disposition not to exceed five years less a day and made up of a custodial portion (not to exceed three years) and a conditional supervision portion.
	www.parl.gc.ca /information/library/prbpubs/8613-e.htm (6189 words)

	BCCLA Position Paper: Legislative proposals to replace the Juvenile Delinquents Act, 1980
		As criminal legislation, the proposed Act acknowledges that this practice should be discontinued, as the judiciary is seen as the body that should decide the extent to which custodial and other measures depriving young persons of their liberty and freedom should be unitized to ensure the safety of communities and their citizens.
		The Juvenile Delinquents Act makes provision for the imposition of a fine, damages or costs against parents, if the court is satisfied that parents themselves have conduced to the commission of an offence by their child.
		In recommending that parents be held liable for the illegal acts of their children, particularly children who are deemed under the law to be criminally responsible for such acts, individual responsibility would be undermined.
	www.bccla.org /positions/children/80yoa.html (3297 words)

	Youth Crime: Fear and Responses (BP368e)
		According to youth justice workers, minor acts of aggression are being reported to police with increasing frequency, as indicated by the tendency for school authorities to report youths involved in "school yard fights" to the authorities.
		In response, the Act was amended to allow for the public identification of young offenders, to raise the maximum sentence for murder and to clarify the intention of the Act with respect to transfers to adult court.
		In 1986, amendments to the Act were made to permit the public disclosure of the identity of an accused or convicted young offender if the youth poses a threat to the public and if such disclosure is necessary to assist in an arrest.
	dsp-psd.communication.gc.ca /Collection-R/LoPBdP/BP/bp368-e.htm (5925 words)

	Parent Liability Child's Act: Encyclopedia of Everyday Law (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The laws vary from state to state, but many cover such acts as VANDALISM to government or school property; defacement or destruction of the national and state flags, cemetery headstones, public monuments/historical markers; also, property destroyed in hate crimes, based on race or religion, such as ransacking a synagogue.
		Another significant change implemented by the Welfare Reform Act is that parents of a noncustodial teenage father (the grandparents of the minor-mother's child) are liable to pay child support until their teenage son emancipates, if the minor-mother receives welfare.
		Prior to enactment of the Welfare Reform Act, grandparents were never liable to pay child support for their grandchildren, and the government could not collect child support from a minor-father until he became employed.
	law.enotes.com /everyday-law-encyclopedia/89974 (2046 words)

	Law Abstracts Wolfson
		The scope of the legislation, diversion and other pre-trial procedures, practices and procedure of the juvenile court, the dispositional alternatives, appeal and other methods of dispositional review, and the consequences of juvenile convictions are all equally important facets of delinquency law reform today.
		Such topics as the right to counsel, publicity and private hearings, notice and duty to attend, and the conduct of the proceeding itself are considered and both judicial developments and the statutory reform proposals are described and evaluated.
		After briefly summarizing the various sections of provincial legislation that affect the operation of the federal Act, the major trends suggested by the recent federal report are compared to and contrasted with those found in the recent reports of the B.C. Royal Commission on Family and Children's Law.
	www.library.ubc.ca /law/abstracts/wolfson.html (480 words)

	Superior Court of California - County of Orange
		Unlike delinquency or status offender proceedings (where the principal focus is on the conduct of the minor), dependency proceedings are initially directed towards demonstrating that the parent has harmed or is unable to properly care for his or her child.
		Juvenile citations for traffic and/or minor offenses, including violations of municipal code ordinances, are issued by law enforcement agencies throughout Orange County.
		Juvenile court records may not be obtained or inspected by civil or criminal subpoena.
	www.occourts.org /juvenile (837 words)

	Supreme Court of Canada - Decisions - Peel (Regional Municipality) v. Canada; Peel (Regional Municipality) v. Ontario
		Y‑1) conferred upon "juvenile court judges" the jurisdiction to issue a variety of orders upon finding that a particular child had committed a "delinquent act"; these alternative orders were set out in s.
		Section 20(2) of the Act empowered these judges to order that the parent(s) of the child or the municipality in which the child is situate "contribute to the child's support such sum as the court may determine"; where the municipality is so ordered, it was authorized by s.
		The obligation it had as a result of its legislation, though serious, was of a political nature, and led to its cost‑sharing agreement with the province of Ontario ‑‑ as the word "cost‑sharing" implies, not an assumption of 100 percent responsibility ‑‑ and the Province in turn paid some of the costs of the municipality.
	scc.lexum.umontreal.ca /en/1992/1992rcs3-762/1992rcs3-762.html (11089 words)

	RCMP Youth Criminal Justice Act
		The Juvenile Delinquents Act was considered to be "social welfare legislation" and applied to youth ages 7-16 (or 18 depending on the jurisdiction).
		An offence was considered a "delinquency" and the person was considered "in a condition of delinquency" and therefore requiring help and guidance and proper supervision" (section 3 Juvenile Delinquents Act).
		The Youth Offenders Act recognized that young persons were not adults and that they should not "be held accountable in the same manner or suffer the same consequences … as adults".
	www.rcmp.ca /ycja/background_e.htm (1043 words)

	IPC - P-378 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Ministry also submits that, because of the operation of section 45(6) of the YOA, records relating to the offence of delinquency under the JDA also fall under the scope of the YOA, and therefore all records relating to the offence of delinquency are also removed from the jurisdiction of the Act.
		The Attorney General submits that the Act is constitutionally inoperative in respect of records which are withheld under the YOA, because compliance with the requirements of the Act would require a breach of the YOA.
		One of the purposes of the Act as set out in section 1 is to provide the right of access to information in the custody or under the control of institutions in accordance with the principles that decision on the disclosure of government information should be reviewed independently of government.
	www.ipc.on.ca /scripts/index_.asp?action=31&N_ID=1&P_ID=5551 (3127 words)

	Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Hansard (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Mr Jim Brown: Just as with the first reading of the Juvenile Delinquents Act, the NDP voted against it, which must mean they support youth crime.
		I understand the member for Scarborough West bringing forth this legislation because of his frustration personally and in representing his constituents; however, I have a number of concerns with respect to the legislation and I believe it is going to have problems in the future.
		I understand that is an attempt being made under this act with respect to curfew orders, restricting the granting of a licence to someone who is a repeat offender until that person has attained the age of 19 years.
	www.ontla.on.ca /hansard/house_debates/36_parl/session1/L146.htm (16951 words)

	Mapleleafweb.com: Youth Criminal Justice Act - The Young Offenders Act
		Instead of being charged with delinquency, children are charged with violating a specific statute or section of the Criminal Code.
		It abolishes the offence of contributing to juvenile delinquency.
		Under the Young Offenders Act, the maximum age at which a youth could be prosecuted as a juvenile varied from province to province, and between genders in certain cases (Alberta set the maximum age at sixteen for boys, and eighteen for girls).
	www.mapleleafweb.com /features/crime/youth-act/young-offenders-act.html (648 words)

	www.ny.gov - GOVERNOR PATAKI ANNOUNCES PLAN TO COMBAT JUVENILE CRIME
		Additionally, juvenile delinquents who commit "designated felony offenses," and inflict serious physical injury on innocent victims or who commit designated felony offenses for the second time, will be subject to mandatory and increased periods of restrictive placement in a secure facility.
		Parental Accountability: Juvenile delinquency cases are most effectively resolved when there is parental involvement, because a parent's lack of involvement sends the wrong message to the child.
		The bill would require retention of fingerprints and criminal histories of juveniles arrested for fingerprintable offenses until the juvenile reaches the age of 18, at which point the records would be destroyed if the individual has no criminal convictions or any pending criminal actions.
	www.state.ny.us /governor/press/05/april28_05-1.htm (1208 words)

	CLU 3M1 Unit 10 Assignment
		According to the Juvenile Delinquents Act, the 17-year-old boy would face a severe punishment for his accidental murder of the 15-year-old.
		Many people found certain aspects of the Juvenile Delinquents Act infringed on legal rights every person was entitled to.
		The fact was, the definition of delinquency was so broad that youths could be charged for breaking minor municipal bylaws, like coming home late or loitering.
	www.angelfire.com /la3/law_assignment/jda.html (225 words)

	Law FAQS - Youth Court Records (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Young Offenders Act is a law passed by the government of Canada to make rules and procedures for youth who come into conflict with the law.
		The Juvenile Delinquents Act took the position that youth in trouble with the law were misguided.
		The state was to act as a kindly pa rent who would give them help and supervision to mend their ways.
	www.acjnet.org /youthfaq/yoahist.html (196 words)

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