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Topic: KDF9

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	COMMITTEE FOR THE COMPUTING SERVICES 1971-72
		In 1971-2 the rundown of KDF9 was completed; the 1906A service was further developed; there were some substantial enhancements to the 1906A; and the University started thinking about its replacement.
		KDF9 continued to work on a single shift in parallel with 1906A from August to December.
		The board also approved the provision of improved graph plotting facilities, the first phase of which (an off-line controller to run the plotter transferred from KDF9) was installed during the year; the second phase, an improved graph plotter, was approved for 1972-3.
	www.oucs.ox.ac.uk /internal/annrep/annrep71-72.html (947 words)

	English Electric KDF9 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		KDF9 was an early British computer designed and built by English Electric, later English Electric Leo Marconi, EELM, later still incorporated into ICL.
		However, when the corresponding package was implemented on KDF9, it used floating point, a new concept that had only limited mathematical analysis.
		Legend has it that the KDF9 was developed as project KD9 (Kidsgrove Development 9) and that the 'F' in its designation was contributed by the then Chairman after a long and tedious discussion on what to name the machine at launch - "I don't care if you call it the.......".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/English_Electric_KDF9 (1051 words)

	The English Electric KDF9 Computer
		The English Electric KDF9 was in use from about 1960, and was regarded as a very successful machine.
		The KDF9 had up to 32 kilobytes (not megabytes!) of core memory (made up of real magnetic core).
		Two Algol compilers were available for the KDF9, written I suspect in competition with one another.
	www.ncf.ca /~ad161/kdf9.html (714 words)

	School of Computer Science - History 1959 - 1969
		Initially the KDF9 was intended to be fully operational by December 1963, but doubts soon arose of the ability of English Electric to meet this time scale.
		The KDF9 computer required the continuous presence of operators to load and unload magnetic tapes, feed in cards or paper tape, etc. and hence was quite labour-intensive and expensive to run.
		Photographs of the KDF9 installation taken early in 1968 are in the Photo Gallery.
	www.cs.bham.ac.uk /about/history (1084 words)

	COMMITTEE FOR THE COMPUTING SERVICE 1970-71
		A search for a buyer for KDF9 began in May 1971, and eventually agreement was reached to sell it in January 1972 to a company which wished to use part of the equipment to upgrade their own KDF9, and the remainder for use as spares.
		The average level of work at that time was 1,411 jobs per week: KDF9 was fully loaded, and the level of work was limited by the service response rather than by user demand.
		This gives some indication of the inadequacy of KDF9 for the needs of the University: it shows the level of the suppressed demand from existing users, although the effect of inhibiting new applications of computing to research work will only be seen on a much longer time scale.
	www.oucs.ox.ac.uk /internal/annrep/annrep70-71.html (887 words)

	Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The upshot was that they spent an intensive two weeks study with Dijkstra in Holland, which "led us to an outline of the basic structure of the intermediate language, which we transposed Algol into for running".
		And "we decided to go for a single pass translation as we were used to on the Deuce, which allowed you to do some processing while your cards were being read in".
		The KDF9 would be faster and would use paper tape, so "surely we could do some processing for the translation while the program was being read in?".
	www.tech.port.ac.uk /staffweb/andersod/CCS/resurrectionarticle?Article=4-4 (1908 words)

	ISS - Infrastructure
		By chance it was almost exactly 25 years since the first introduction of a file archiving system at Leeds University.
		The archival capabilities were introduced in 1968 as the 24 Mbyte disc was almost full.
		By the end of KDF9 we had about 250 Mbytes of data, and 48 Mbytes of disc.
	www.leeds.ac.uk /iss/systems/archive/terabyte.html (444 words)

	Edinburgh Computer History
		KDF9 AA and Imp compilers - may be on paper tape somewhere within ERCC.
		At one point in the late 80s Peter Stephens was induced (by Kevin Donnelly of the Foresty Commission and, I think, by the usual method of donating a bottle of whisky) to produce an IMP compiler that literally used case stropping and no %s.
		The KDF9 instruction set alone is probably worth a short book to describe, but that's not currently relevant to this project.
	history.dcs.ed.ac.uk /index-old.html (11758 words)

	DEUCE RECOLLECTIONS
		In 1955 Warton had some work done on the NPL PILOT ACE for the evaluation of aerodynamic derivatives and the structural analysis of the main wing box for the EECo.
		By that time a second DEUCE had also been installed and I think one of the machines had been equipped with paper tape I/O. When KDF9 was in the offing I was appointed to learn how to program that machine but there were delays and by that time our problems had outgrown DEUCE.
		Bill Moxham was already doing work on the IBM 7090 at the Data Centre in London using FORTRAN and Warton eventually went that way installing an IBM 7040 which almost immediately was upgraded to a 7044 and the DEUCEs were phased out.
	users.tpg.com.au /eedeuce/jhalliday.htm (979 words)

	The Encyclopedia of Computer Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		With regard to point 2, the mixing of source languages, these are at the moment EGTRAN (a dialect of FORTRAN II) and KDF9 User-code.
		Any given routine must be written in one and only one of the source languages, but EGTRAN routines may be freely interspersed with User-code routines.
		This makes it possible to make transfers proceed simultaneously with each other and with central processor calculations, which cannot be done (except to a very limited extent) with andquot;listandquot; type statements because of the need for store protection.
	hopl.murdoch.edu.au /showlanguage.prx?exp=3778 (852 words)

	Charles Babbage Institute: RESEARCH PROGRAM> Current research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Leeds Abdominal Pain System is a clinical decision support tool developed by F.T. (Tim) de Dombal and his colleagues in the University of Leeds Professorial Surgical Unit and Accident and Emergency Department.
		The initial studies for the system were completed between 1971 and 1973 on an English Electric KDF9 computer and backup “desktop” Mathatronics 848 Biostatistician.
		The KDF9 was replaced by a time-sharing Wang 700C in 1973.
	www.cbi.umn.edu /shp/entries/leedspainsystem.html (490 words)

	Untitled
		The 1986 race was notable in several areas: the use of computer routing by Williams, Williams' shortcut through the Nantucket shoals, and the heavy weather encountered by competitors.
		Williams had enlisted the help of computer boffins at English Electric, who programmed their KDF9 machine with Sir Thomas Lipton's performance tables and wrote programs to cross these with weather forecasts from the Meteorological Office.
		During the race a 48 hour forecast map was produced by the KDF9 at Met Office, Bracknell each day at 0530.
	www.oceanware.co.uk /sailing/open50/background/bgRaceHistory68.html (536 words)

	The Encyclopedia of Computer Languages
		The first implementation of K Autocode was for the English Electric KDF9 and the second for the IBM System/360.
		In addition to the usual numerical facilities and procedures, the language provides comprehensive input/output, random and sequential file processing, symbol manipulation and a matrix scheme.
		When the KDF9 was delivered in February 1964, the Mercury was being used on a 3-shift basis for five or more days a week and the workload was programmed almost entirely in Mercury Autocode.
	hopl.murdoch.edu.au /showlanguage.prx?exp=2144 (524 words)

	Computer Resurrection Issue 18
		Thirty years earlier, the design of the KDF9 was stable, a dozen or so systems had been installed and a series of enhancements to both hardware and software were being developed.
		For several years afterwards many "specials" were developed for the KDF9 in response to requests from customers, a practice which characterised English Electric which sold that which customers asked for, not that which existed in the catalogue.
		The KDF9 is remarkable because it is the believed to be the first zero-address instruction format computer to have been announced (in 1960).
	www.cs.man.ac.uk /CCS/res/res18.htm (10053 words)

	KDF9 card - 1965 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The KDF9 was made by English Electric at Kidsgrove.
		The KDF9 was their last 48-bit word machine, they chose to move to produce a range of 32-bit IBM compatibles called "System 4".
		This card is from a machine delivered to Nottingham University in 1965 with 16k 48-bit words of memory, paper tape input and output, and 4 magnetic tape decks.
	www.cs.nott.ac.uk /~ef/ComputerXHistory/NottinghamRelated/1965-KDF9-1160.htm (203 words)

	Digital Magnetic Tape Recording
		Although it did not attempt to provide random access to blocks on the tape, the KDF9 computer also used 3/4" wide tape with duplication of tracks.
		The KDF9 computer used sixteen-track tape (of a format previously used with another English Electric computer, the KDP10).
		Two sets of eight tracks, containing one timing track, one parity track, and six data tracks, were present, the same character being duplicated in the two sets of tracks.
	www.quadibloc.com /comp/tapeint.htm (4876 words)

	Tiqit \| Computing for Mobile Professionals
		Vaughan Pratt's involvement in the world of computers began in his freshman year at Sydney University when he built a tic-tac-toe-playing computer from relays and stepping motors scrounged from the physics supply room.
		His first encounter with programmable computers came two years later when he programmed the Basser Computing Department's new KDF9 computer to analyze higher-dimensional tic-tac-toe for winning strategies.
		After obtaining his Ph.D. under Don Knuth at Stanford on the topic of sorting networks, Vaughan spent the 1970s teaching at MIT and conducting research in a wide range of areas including natural language parsers, string matching algorithms, primality testing, program verification, computer graphics, and microcomputer-based hardware.
	www.tiquit.com /spotlight.shtml (743 words)

	Mister Transistors Old Computer Stuff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The English Electric KDF9 was an advanced and successful transistorised computer, in use from 1963.
		The use of a stack simplified certain operations and facilitated the creation of computer languages like Algol.
		I possess a number of logic cards from the KDF9.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/andrew_wylie/kdf9.htm (274 words)

	The Medium is NOT the Message
		When we abandonned the KDF9 for George3, we transferred only material which seemed to be useful - mainly source text of programs and cosmic ray data belonging to our physics department.
		We were asked if we had the capability to provide the system software in machine readable form.
		The total disk storage on the KDF9 was 48 Mbytes, and the total file store was about 10 times that size.
	www.personal.leeds.ac.uk /~ecldh/paper2.html (4147 words)

	40 Years of Computing at Newcastle - Photographs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		KDF9 - Reading and Recording Head of the Magnetic Tape Unit
		The input and output equipment of the English Electric KDF9 in Kensington Terrace with Gillian Hardie (1964)
		Maureen Tabrett with the KDF9 printer in Kensington Terrace
	www.cs.ncl.ac.uk /events/anniversaries/40th/images/kdf92/index.html (103 words)

	Computer to Monotype caster-Articles
		The School of Printing at the Newcastle College of Art and Industrial Design kindly provided access to their typesetters and much helpful advice for the duration of the project.
		The arrival in the University, in May 1964, of an English Electric KDF9 Computer almost coincided with the termination of the first Computer Typesetting project and the start of the second, which ran for four years funded by the Ministry of Technology.
		As KDF9 used eight-hole papertape, the opportunity was taken, during the conversion of the IO devices from five-hole to the eight-hole tape, to make this equipment more robust so that it was usable for small scale production rather than purely demonstration purposes.
	www.letterpress.ch /SPIPCASTER/article.php3?id_article=2 (4088 words)

	Mister Transistors Old Computer Stuff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		This historic company was formed from BTM, the British Tabulating Machine company which made IBM tabulators under license.
		It went on to merge with English Electric Computers, the makers of the KDF9 described elsewhere on this site, to form International Computers Limited (ICL), the commercial pinnacle of UK computer manufacture.
		Roger is somewhat of an expert, as he owns and is restoring one of these computers which occupies about 500 square feet of a barn at his home.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/Andrew_wylie/wirewrap.htm (437 words)

	Real Machines with 24-bit and 48-bit words
		The English Electric KDF9 is also significant in the history of computing, playing a significant role in the development of the computer language Algol.
		Such short instructions were possible because the machine was stack-oriented, like a series of Burroughs machines whose first member was released almost contemporaneously with the KDF9.
		The ICL 1900 computer was previously the ICT 1900 computer; behind the Iron Curtain, the ODRA 1304 computer was made in imitation of it, but, according to at least one web site, under license.
	www.quadibloc.com /comp/cp0303.htm (3465 words)

	[No title]
		The program is written in ASA FORTRAN apart from the use of symbolic dimensions, which on certain computer systems must be replaced by actual numerical values.
		On the Culham KDF9 loading and compilation takes 250 s.
		The running time depends on the mesh size and on the z-boundary conditions.
	www.cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk /summaries/ABUC_v1_0.html (198 words)

	Obituary for Christopher S. Wallace
		In spite of considerable financial and academic inducements to remain in America, Wallace's heart remained firmly in Australia and he returned to the School of Physics at Sydney University as lecturer in the Basser Computing Laboratory under Professor Bennett.
		With Brian Rousewell he redesigned and rebuilt the Direct Memory Access subsection of the KDF9, increasing its peak channel performance while halving the hardware, and they also designed and constructed a high speed data link between the KDF9 and a Control Data Computer.
		As a teacher, he developed the hardware component of the undergraduate course in Computing and, in 1967, of the first Honours level Computing Course in Australia.
	www.csse.monash.edu.au /units/administrative/obituaryCSW.htm (1033 words)

	The development of on-line computing facilities for the KDF9 part 1; COSEC--a single on-line console -- Poole and Lang ...
		The development of on-line computing facilities for the KDF9 part 1; COSEC--a single on-line console -- Poole and Lang 11 (1): 5 -- The Computer Journal
		Articles by Poole, P. Articles by Lang, T. The development of on-line computing facilities for the KDF9 part 1; COSEC—a single on-line console
		If you require any further clarification, please contact our Customer Services Department.
	comjnl.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/11/1/5 (185 words)

	[No title]
		A particular policy area in which I am active is in the maintenance and development of existing freedoms in the UK in the exploitation of cryptography for the provision of privacy and information security.
		I have been using computers since 1960, starting with the Ferranti Pegasus, the English Electric KDF9 and the CDC6600.
		I bought my first home PC in the early 1970s and have since had many different machines using Z-80, 68000 and now Intel X86 processors.
	fp.gladman.plus.com (285 words)

	English Electric DEUCE Computer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The English Electric Company developed several second generation computers to supercede DEUCE, including the KDN2, KDP10 and KDF9.
		The KDF9 Programming Manual and User Code Digest are on the Web.
		The origin of DEUCE traces back to 1945 when Alan Turing and a small team of specialists started designing a computer at the National Physical Laboratory in Teddington, England.
	members.iinet.net.au /~dgreen/deuce/deuce.html (528 words)

	[No title]
		The KDF9 is remarkable because it is believed to have been the first zero-address instruction format computer to have been announced (in 1960
		GEORGE used Reverse Polish, and the KDF9 team were attracted to this convention for the pragmatic reason of wishing to enhance performance by minimising accesses to main store.
		Besides a hardware nesting store or stack - the basic mechanism of a zero- address computer - the KDF9 had other groups of central registers for improving performance which gave it an interesting internal structure.
	ed-thelen.org /comp-hist/EarlyBritish-13-17.html (8649 words)

	Waltzing on a KDF9
		The first application has involved the New Vogue dances that are so popular in DanceSport competitions in Australia (Herbison-Evans, 1997).
		Despite its potential for dance, main value so far of the "Waltzing on a KDF9" project has actually been the number and variety of student research projects it has spawned, ranging from investigating the solution of quartic equations (Prineas, 1981) to generating animation of random Hapkido contests (Wilcockson, 1994).
		Throughout their school and undergraduate careers, students are given problems to solve, the answers to which are known.
	members.tripod.com /donhe/pubs/jmb.html (2008 words)

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