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	Ghazal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Today, however, it is commonly conceived of as an Urdu song, with prime importance given to the lyrics.
		The second line of each couplet in a ghazal ends with the repetition of a refrain of one or a few words, known as a Radif, preceded by a rhyme (though in a less strict ghazal the rhyme does not need to precede the refrain immediately), known as a Kaafiyaa.
		In modern Urdu poetry, there are lots of Ghazals which do not follow the restriction of same Beher on both the lines of Sher.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ghazal (746 words)

	What is a Ghazal?
		'Kaafiyaa' is the rhyming pattern which all the words before 'Radif' MUST have.
		In our example the 'Kaafiyaa' is "bar", "nazar", "par", "magar" etc. This is a necessary requirement.
		So Ghazal is a collection of Sher's of same 'Beher', ending in same 'Radif' and having same 'Kaafiyaa'.
	varan_bhaath.tripod.com /Pages/WhatisaGhazal.htm (1076 words)

	Kaafiyaa - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		'Kaafiyaa' is the rhyming pattern which all the words before Radif MUST have in a Ghazal.
		A Ghazal has to have a Radif and Kaafiyaa.
		For example in the Ghazal below by Daag Dehelvi the Kaafiyaa is, jalwa-gaah, nigaah, raah, haale-tabaah and aah, while the Radif is mein.
	www.free-definition.com /Kaafiyaa.html (161 words)

	Kaafiyaa Details, Meaning Kaafiyaa Article and Explanation Guide
		A device employed in a form of Urdu Poetry known as Ghazals.
		The Kaafiyaa is the rhyming pattern of words that must directly proceed the Ghazal's Radif.
		In this case the Kaafiyaa is the following pattern of words: jalwa-gaah, nigaah, raah, haale-tabaah and aah
	www.e-paranoids.com /k/ka/kaafiyaa.html (128 words)

	[No title]
		Ghazal in short, is a collection of Sher's which follow the rules of 'Matla', 'Maqta', 'Beher', 'Kaafiyaa' and 'Radif'.
		In our example the 'Kaafiyaa' is "bar", "nazar", "par", "magar" etc.This is a necessary requirement.
		The first Sher in the Ghazal MUST have 'Radif' in its both lines.This Sher is called 'Matla' of the Ghazal and the Ghazal is usually known after its 'Matla'.
	www.geocities.com /bhupider/ghazald.htm (1790 words)

	What is a Ghazal? : eBazm.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		To better understand the finer nuances of Urdu ghazal it is imperative to understand the structure around which a ghazal is woven!
		Briefly stated Ghazal is a collection of Sher's which follow the rules of 'Matla', 'Maqta', 'Beher', 'Kaafiyaa' and 'Radif'.
		To summarize, Ghazal is a collection of Sher's (independent two-line poems), in which there is atleast one 'Matla', one 'Maqta' and all the Sher's are of same 'Beher' and have the same 'Kaafiyaa' and 'Radif'.
	www.ebazm.com /ghazal.htm (766 words)

	www.oxfordbookstore.com \| Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Therefore, whatever is passed onto us in the name of ghazal may not actually be one if the verses do not conform to its original form.
		Ghazal primarily is a collection of Sher's (independent two-line poems), in which there is atleast one 'Matla', one 'Maqta' and all the Sher's are of same 'Beher' and have the same 'Kaafiyaa' and 'Radif'.
		Beher is the length of the line, which includes the tempo and has to be of equal length throughout a particular ghazal, to be considered a true ghazal.
	www.oxfordbookstore.com /oxfordonline/ASPPages/Music/music.asp?sid=9XJH8DJJW1TH2NQH00NGS42S6NSC5MNE (1230 words)

	What is a Ghazal
		'Kaafiyaa' is the rhyming pattern which all the words before 'Radif'
		In our example the 'Kaafiyaa' is "bar", "nazar", "par", "magar" etc.
		the Sher's are of same 'Beher' and have the same 'Kaafiyaa' and
	akramopel.8m.com /Ghazal/defination.htm (756 words)

	EDSITEment - Lesson Plan
		It is a series of couplets, called shers, no more than a dozen or so, which are related, but not connecting in a narrative pattern.
		The first couplet, or matla, has a rhyme pattern, kaafiyaa, preceding a single word or short phrase refrain, radif, at the end of each line.
		In groups of four, students compose a ghazal in a round-robin activity for a total of thirteen shers, beginning and ending with the same Shayar, or poet.
	edsitement.neh.gov /view_lesson_plan.asp?id=388 (1606 words)

	Poetry On Demand
		Also, the words that come before the radif (called kaafiyaa) are supposed to rhyme with the kaafiyaa of all successive rhymes.
		The 1 is the kaafiyaa, whereas A represents the radif, the words that repeat.
		It is similar to the rondeau, in the sense that it is only a few words that must necessarily be repeated, and not the whole line.
	poetryondemand.blogspot.com (2202 words)

	WHIM, FETISH, AND BLOGORRHEA
		In addition, the radif, the two-to-three words immediately preceding the rhyme in the first line of the first couplet should be mirrored in the second line of the first couplet and every second line of every couplet thereafter.
		In addition, to become really fluent in the form, one should familiarize oneself with the concepts of Beher, Matla and Kaafiyaa.
		On top of this, it is said that each line in the couplet should have the same syllable length or employ the same metrical pattern.
	whimfetishandblogorrhea.blogspot.com /2005/04/hobbled-discourse-on-poetic-formsthe.html (1816 words)

	a-sdf: Ghazal-blogging- a primer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The rules of Ghazal are based upon couplets- two line verses with the same number of syllables.
		After the first couplet, the poet establishes a set of specialized guidlines for the rest of the poem- Kaafiyaa and Radif.
		Each new set of lines have the same Kaafiyaa and Radif.
	a-sdf.blogspot.com /2005/02/ghazal-blogging-primer.html (287 words)

	Glossary
		This internal rhyme usually immediately precedes the radif (the refrain) of the ghazal.
		For example, in the following sher, you and true are the internal rhyme or kaafiyaa of the first couplet.
		Usually a kigo has accumulated resonances and associations with earlier haiku and Japanese aesthetics about time.
	www.cranberrydesigns.com /poetry/glossary.htm (743 words)

	Ghazal -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In modern Urdu poetry, there are lots of Ghazals which do not follow the restriction of same (Click link for more info and facts about Beher) Beher on both the lines of (Click link for more info and facts about Sher) Sher.
		But even in these Ghazals, (Click link for more info and facts about Kaafiyaa) Kaafiyaa and (Click link for more info and facts about Radif) Radif are present.
		The restriction of (Click link for more info and facts about Maqta) Maqta has become rather loose in modern times.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/g/gh/ghazal.htm (775 words)

	Ghazal Details, Meaning Ghazal Article and Explanation Guide
		Although the ghazal is most prominently a form of Urdu poetry, today, it has influenced the poetry of many languages.
		Ghazal in short, is a collection of couplets (called sher) which follow the rules of Matla, Maqta, Beher, Kaafiyaa and Radif.
		The traditional complete ghazal has a matla, a maqta, and three other shers in between.
	www.e-paranoids.com /g/gh/ghazal.html (630 words)

	Ghazal posting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		'Kaafiyaa' is the rhyming pattern which all the words before the
		baGHair' and the 'Kaafiyaa' is "par", "ghar", "kyonkar", "sitamgar" etc,
		the same ending words of a sher, a 'kaafiyaa' is the necessary rhyming
	www.cs.memphis.edu /~ramamurt/idd_posts/rh36.html (339 words)

	Mrs. Wynne
		After completing this lesson, You will be able to:
		In your group, compose a ghazal for a total of thirteen shers, beginning and ending with the same Shayar, or poet.
		You have thirty minutes for composition; then you will read your ghazal to the class
	www.xenia.k12.oh.us /xhs/English/guzzle.htm (1326 words)

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