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Topic: Kabyle

	Press Information Note 56 (MERIP): "The Kabyle Riots: Repression and Alienation," by Heba Saleh
		But the Kabyle riots were not just about the gendarmerie, nor were they, as some media tried to portray them, about Berber calls for official recognition of their language, even if that was one of many themes of the demonstrations.
		The anger of Kabyle youth was essentially targeted at the entire military-backed regime, which they perceive as repressive and oblivious to their interests.
		In recent years, the repression of Kabyle cultural demands which marked the period before 1989 gave way to manipulation of the language issue by the regime, which was determined to play the Berberists off against the Islamist challenge.
	www.mafhoum.com /press/49P10.htm (1824 words)

	Kabyle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Kabyle are a Berber people living in the al-Quabail Mountains of North Africa, stretching across Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and western Libya—an area often referred to as the Maghreb.
		Since the Berber Spring in 1980, Algerian Kabyle have been at the forefront of agitation for Berber rights in that country and demands for the official recognition of their language alongside Arabic.
		Kabyle is also the Afro-Asiatic language spoken by the Kabyle people.
	www.theezine.net /k/kabyle.html (105 words)

	Algeria Cops Block Berber Protesters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Kabyle is home to Algeria's Berbers, who make up nearly a third of the country's 30 million people and claim to be the original inhabitants of North Africa.
		Kabyle was the scene of near daily clashes earlier this year in which at least 60 people were killed and 2,000 injured.
		Kabyle is now relatively calm, but Berber protesters have staged several demonstrations around Algiers.
	www.ecoi.net /pub/dh1504_01810alg.htm (453 words)

	KABYLES - LoveToKnow Article on KABYLES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Active, energetic and enterprising, the Kabyle is to be found far from homeas a soldier in the French army, as a workman in the towns, as a field laborer, or as a pedlar or trader earning the means of purchasing his bit of ground in his native village.
		The best known of the Kabyle dialects is the Zouavei or Igaouaouen, those speaking it having been settled on the northern side of the Jurjura at least from the time of Ibn Khaldun; it is the principal basis of Hanoteaus Essal de grammaire kabyle (Paris, 1858).
		Unlike their southern brethren, the Kabyles have no alphabet, and their literature is still in the stage of oral transmission, for the most part by professional reciters.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /K/KA/KABYLES.htm (524 words)

	Middle East Report 208: "The Rebel is Dead. Long Live the Martyr!": Kabyle Mobilization and the Assassination ...
		In an ensuing week of riots throughout Kabyle cities and towns, young demonstrators attacked hundreds of regional government offices and damaged public property, often clashing with state riot police.
		To grasp the magnitude of popular outrage and the threat of an escalation of the Algerian conflict that it poses, it is necessary to understand the iconic character of Matoub's life and death.
		Invoking the Kabyle "cycle of reproduction," in which the deceased is mythically understood as resurrected in the birth of the next generation,
	www.merip.org /mer/mer208/silver.htm (1475 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Middle East \| Rising tide of Berber unrest
		A massive demonstration called by Kabyle community leaders last week ended in violence when protestors at the head of the march clashed with the security forces who blocked their route to the presidential palace.
		But it is the Kabyles living close to the capital and strongly represented in the urban and administrative elite and in the emigre community in France who produced an active Berberist movement contesting the regime for imposing an Arab identity on what it argues is essentially a Berber country.
		In recent years, the repression of Kabyle cultural demands, which marked the period before 1989, gave way to manipulation of the language issue by a regime determined to play the Berberists off against the Islamists who had started to pose a challenge.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/low/middle_east/1396736.stm (833 words)

	Housing In Kabyle - Housing
		The killing of a Kabyle youth, Massinissa Guermah, in the custody of the...
		In 2001, Berber activists in the Kabyle region of the country, reacting to the death...
		Berber dialects are used by the Kabyle east of Algiers, the Shawia of the AurÃ¨s Mountains, the M'zabis...
	housing.fbkg.com /index.php?k=housing-in-kabyle (1250 words)

	Workman: Algerian Memories
		If a traveller passing through a Kabyle village has no introduction, he has but to say to the first man be meets, "I am here as guest of the town," and he is at once taken to the mayor, who sees to his proper entertainment.
		The Kabyle is as punctilious in matters of charity as in his "anaia." The famine of the winter 1867-8 furnished a memorable instance of the display of this admirable characteristic.
		In educational matters the Kabyle appears unable to go beyond a certain point, hence little education is attempted by the French except in the elementary schools.
	erc.lib.umn.edu /dynaweb/travel/workalge/@Generic__BookTextView/4095 (1638 words)

	YWAM Sahara - Kabyle Berbers
		Kabyles still consider themselves different from the predominantly Arab culture of the rest of Algeria, which is expressed in the emphasis on the use of the Kabyle language and script.
		The Kabyles were the original inhabitants of Algeria and remain fiercely independent.
		Kabyles are tired of Arab domination and a definite rift has occurred between the Kabyle and Arabs.
	www.gosahara.org /kb.html (780 words)

	Foreign Policy In Focus - Self-Determination - Regional Conflict Profile - Algeria
		Some eight million of Algeria's 30 million people are Kabyles, descendants of ancient tribes known today as Berbers and presumed to be the original inhabitants of the area bounded by the Libya/Egypt border, the Atlantic Ocean, the Sahara desert, and the Mediterranean Sea.
		In April 2001, the Kabyles began a series of protests sparked initially by the death in police custody of a Berber youth.
		A referendum could be risky from the Kabyles' point of view: Many Algerians do not think the Kabyle language should have national status and were the idea defeated in a vote, this would give opponents more reason to bury the whole issue.
	www.fpif.org /selfdetermination/conflicts/algeria_body.html (828 words)

	Workman: Algerian Memories
		Kabyle parents are opposed to having their daughters educated à la française--that is in school--for the reason that it lessens their chances of marriage, no Kabyle desiring a wife who has been to school, however little she may have learned.
		The condition of the Kabyle women to-day, but slightly better than that of the Mauresques, is about what it was a hundred years ago, and what it may perhaps be a hundred years hence, for they are utterly without hope, and have themselves no power to better their condition.
		The Koran permits the Kabyle, as well as others, to have as many wives as he chooses, but he rarely avails himself of this permission, at least during the early years of married life, for the reason that it costs much to buy a wife and more to support her.
	erc.lib.umn.edu /dynaweb/travel/workalge/@Generic__BookTextView/4277 (1216 words)

	UNESCO Courier: Berber's shining star - Algerian singer Idir fights for Berber language - Brief Article
		The Berber people, who mostly live in the mountains of Morocco and Algeria, speak Shawiya, Shilha, Kabyle, Mzab, Rifain, Tacheihit, Tuareg, Targi and Tarifit--all dialects of Tamazight, their native tongue, which is only recognized as a national language in Niger and Mali.
		Kabyle is a language of feelings and storytelling that flows naturally in poetry.
		In 1973, he was asked to stand in at the last minute for the famous singer Nouara, who was unable to sing live on the Kabyle radio station in Algiers the lullaby he had written for her.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1310/is_2000_April/ai_62382648 (1048 words)

	Algeria Arabization - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International ...
		Berbers, or more specifically, Kabyles, were represented in disproportionately large numbers in this elite because the French, as part of their "divide and rule" policy, deliberately favored Kabyles in education and employment in the colonial system.
		In response to demands of Arabic-language university students for increased arabization, Kabyle students in Algiers and Tizi Ouzou, the provincial capital of Kabylie, went on strike in the spring of 1980.
		Another party, also representing the Kabyle, was the Rally for Culture and Democracy, which ran on a platform defending Kabyle culture and opposing the exclusive use of Arabic at the official level and all programs of arabization.
	www.photius.com /countries/algeria/society/algeria_society_arabization.html (1339 words)

	[No title]
		In fact, there are only a dozen or so specific references to Kabyle society throughout the book, many of which are very brief, as when Bourdieu simply states, without mentioning specific details, that it represents "the canonical form" of the masculine/feminine oppositions to which he wants to point (56).
		Not only can a man not stoop without degrading himself to certain tasks that are socially defined as inferior (not least because it is unthinkable that a man should perform them), but the same task may be noble and difficult, when performed by men, or insignificant and imperceptible, easy and futile when performed by women.
		Bourdieu's decision to use Kabyle society as an object of analysis stems from his desire to extract "everything that knowledge of the fully developed model of the androcentric 'unconscious' makes it possible to identify and understand in the manifestations of our own unconscious" (54).
	jefferson.village.virginia.edu /pmc/text-only/issue.503/13.3wallace.txt (2693 words)

	Marriage Customs Of Kabyle People
		A Kabyle wife leads a much happier and far more rational life than an Arab married woman ; no rival shares her husband's heart—she is his wife in the best sense of the word, treated with affection and respect.
		She takes her meals with the family, and is present even when there are guests in the house.
		Kabyle women are decidedly more handsome than those of the Arabs, or of the Moors.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles25/marriage-customs-18.shtml (651 words)

	The Unreached Peoples Prayer Profiles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In general, the Kabyle are sturdy, thrifty, hospitable lovers of the soil.
		For unemployed Kabyle, immigration to Europe was once an option, but that choice has declined in the late twentieth century due to restrictions on immigration.
		Although the Kabyle are 95% Muslim, they still retain many of their traditional beliefs, such as saint worship.
	www.ksafe.com /profiles/p_code4/1230.html (791 words)

	H-France Reviews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Lorcin's deconstruction of the so-called Kabyle myth combines chronological sequencing and thematic analysis of a period of Franco-Algerian history running from approximately 1830 to 1900.
		She finds that the idea of Kabyle superiority, i.e., "notions of the good Berber and the bad Arab", came to permeate more than simply the political realm.
		She also appears a bit annoyed that the French authorities in Algeria were not able to do more in the way of assimilating a major Algerian population group which did have more in common with the French themselves than did other Algerian groups.
	www.uakron.edu /hfrance/reviews/barrows.html (3882 words)

	Takfarinas, Amazigh Artist of Algeria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Among the North African community in Europe, he is the prince of Kabyle, who uses his double-necked mandole and a powerful voice to deliver his message of love and universal understanding.
		Takfarinas was born to a family of musicians in Tixerane, a town perched in the heights of Algiers.
		Tixerane has always been home to the Kabyle-speaking Amazigh (Kabyle is one of the dialects of Tamazight, the original North African language).
	amazighworld.net /music/kabylia/takfarinas/biographie.php (1005 words)

	Phrasebase - Kabyle Language Facts And Information
		Kabyle is used in the home and market.
		Speakers have pride in Kabyle and resistance to Arabic.
		The name 'Kabyle' is reported by some sources to derive from the Arabic word for 'tribesman', 'qabila'.
	www.phrasebase.com /languages/index.php?cat=299 (222 words)

	Kabyle -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		North of the present town are the ruins of Kabyle (or Cabyle), which originated as a Bronze Age settlement in the 2nd millennium BC and was conquered by the Macedonians under Philip II in 342–341 BC.
		Taken by Rome in 72 BC, Kabyle became a city in the Roman province of Thrace, governing the middle reaches of the...
		Kabyle novelist, playwright, and translator who depicted the changing realities of modern-day Algeria.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9368812?tocId=9368812 (337 words)

	The Unreached Peoples Prayer Profiles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Kabyle are a Berber tribe located in Morocco, Tunisia, western Libya, and the coastal mountain regions of northern Algeria.
		In general, the Kabyle are sturdy, independent, lovers of the soil, thrifty, and hospitable.
		Upon converting to Islam, the Kabyle kept many of their traditional beliefs, especially that of pre-Islamic saint worship.
	www.ksafe.com /profiles/p_code2/1176.html (769 words)

	Articles - Kabylie (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The area is populated by the Kabyles, the second Berber group per order of importance after the Chleuhs in Morocco.
		Since the Berber Spring in 1980, Kabyles have been at the forefront of agitation for the official recognition of the Berber language in Algeria (see Languages of Algeria).
		There are no real statistics on the religious beliefs of Kabyles, but they seem to be predominantly Muslim secularist (they vote at 80% for secularist political parties: the FFS and the RCD).
	www.lastring.com /articles/Kabyle?mySession=81ee800051aa83b451eed7fd0511637c (1306 words)

	Kabyles of Algeria - 30-Days Muslim World Prayer Guide - Day 04 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Kabyles live in the rugged mountains called Kabylia to the east of the Algerian capital, Algiers.
		The Kabyle Berbers fled to the mountainous regions of Kabylia and, despite the many centuries of Arab occupation, have been able to keep their language alive by passing it on orally to each generation.
		The first book ever written in the new Kabyle Berber script was the New Testament and the first film ever translated was the Jesus film.
	www.30-days.net /email03/day04.htm (606 words)

	Grammaire moderne du kabyle
		He has taught Kabyle at the Inalco (Paris) and Berber linguistics at the Institute of African Studies at Cologne University (Germany).
		In contrast, this Modern Kabyle Grammar describes contemporary Kabyle as it is spoken, and as it appears in Kabyle literary works written since the end of the nineteenth century.
		This is, in fact, the first piece of literary work written in Kabyle by a Kabyle, Belaïd At Ali, whose work deserves to be better known.
	www.mondeberbere.com /langue/grammairekabyle/present-en.htm (323 words)

	POLICE IN ALGIERS FIRED AT DEMONSTRATORS
		Coming from all over Algeria, but mostly from the Kabylie regions, an estimated million people had reached Algiers from early hours of morning to call on the authorities for more democracy and equality, fighting wide-ranging corruption, work for the young Algerians and housing for the deprived, regardless of race and religion.
		The generalisation of unrest to outside Kabylie territory confirms that the malaise of Algerians, mostly the young population, is general and widespread and not limited to the Kabyle’s traditional cultural and identity demands, as the authorities say.
		In her view, to the Kabyles cultural demands are added other reclamations, including an unemployment that runs at over 40 per cent and touching mostly the youth, lack of democracy and a generalised cultural, social, economic and political dissatisfaction among the population.
	www.iran-press-service.com /articles_2001/jun_2001/algiers_demos14601.htm (409 words)

	Kabylia (Algeria) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In 1996, president Zeroual revised the Constitution, but the main claim of the Berbers, acknowledgement of Berber as the second national language of Algeria, was once again rejected.
		One flag was quite similar to other Berber flags, only the shade of blue was darker and the symbol was definitely drawn at right angles.
		The owner first told me it was the Berber flag, but when I asked him if it was used outside Algeria, he said he didn't know.
	www.flagspot.com /flags/dz-kab.html (505 words)

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