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	Press Information Note 56 (MERIP): "The Kabyle Riots: Repression and Alienation," by Heba Saleh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The withdrawal of the gendarmerie from Kabylia was one of the main demands of the rioters.
		Kabylia is the most politicized region in Algeria, with a heightened awareness of its distinct identity.
		The inhabitants of Kabylia along with pockets of other Berbers living in remote, mostly desert or mountain areas -- the Shawiyya in the east, the Mzabis in the northern Sahara and the Tuareg in the far south -- were never fully Arabized and have retained their language.
	www.mafhoum.com /press/49P10.htm (1824 words)

	Music of Algeria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kabylia is a region east of the capital Algiers, inhabited mostly by Berbers, the indigenous people of North Africa.
		Idir, a Kabylian geology student, sang Kabylia's first major hit, which sold an unprecedented amount in Algeria and abroad, "A Vava Inouva" (1973).
		Ferhat, known for his politically uncompromising lyrics, and Aït Menguellet, known for his poetic and inspired lyrics, also became popular during the 1970s.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Music_of_Algeria (542 words)

	Emazighen.com / Algeria : Unrest and impasse in Kabylia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		That the unrest from Kabylia’s Black Spring continues to this day reflects the political system’s nation-wide failure to adopt reforms that address its deficit of democratic representation.
		At the same time, while the "tribalism" accusation is largely groundless, the movement has been based on Kabylia’s local traditions, and this has severely hampered its efforts to articulate the modernist aspirations of its population.
		In the case of Kabylia, moreover, given the identity issue, it is has put great strain on national unity.
	www.emazighen.com /breve.php3?id_breve=28 (1244 words)

	Algeria: The achievement of the French colonization (1847-1871) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Kabylia, which had never been dominated by the Ottomans, was annexed.
		In spite of his efforts, part of Kabylia, inhabited by the tribal confederation of Djurdjura, resisted several more years until it was overcome by General Random in 1857.
		Kabylia was definitively pacified in 1857, the Saharian areas in 1870.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/dz_fr47.html (257 words)

	Afropop Worldwide
		Kabylia is a large state consisting of some 2-3000 villages, each with between 200 and 8,000 people.
		Alileche was playing weddings in Kabylia and Algiers when he came to national attention in 1980 during an interview on Algiers radio.
		In 1980 when we had the very first big uprising in Kabylia, April 20, 1980, he was in France and he came back and he wrote a song telling what happened in April, which we call the Berber Spring.
	www.afropop.org /multi/feature/ID/112/Berber+Rising! (4253 words)

	Kabylia
		Normally the Kabylia is divided into two areas, the Djurdjura or Jurjura, or the Larger Kabylias, to the west, and the Small Kabylia to the east.
		The terrain of the Kabylias is one of the wildest of North Africa, with rugged mountains, and isolated valleys.
		The isolation of Kabylia has given birth to a strong independent cultural feeling, where the Berber people of the region do not speak Arabic, but a Berber dialect named Kabyle.
	i-cias.com /e.o/kabylia.htm (185 words)

	Algeria - Agriculture
		The produce of tobacco throughout the country was estimated at 6,845,000 lb.
		Olives are grown largely and almost exclusively in the mountains of Kabylia.
		In that portion of the district included in the province of Algiers the quantity of fruit gathered is estimated at over 100,000,000 lb.
	www.1902-encyclopedia.com /A/ALG/algeria-11.html (431 words)

	Adventures of Algeria: Kabylia
		Kabylia is the most scenic of the greener parts of Algeria, and a region of strong symbolic value for Algeria.
		The people of Kabylia are Berbers, and they have a very strong cultural identity, an identity that has coloured the political landscape of Algeria for decades.
		The villages of Kabylia is an attraction in itself, sometimes arranged as if the inhabitants were mocking the force of gravity.
	lexicorient.com /algeria/kabylia.htm (308 words)

	Middle East Report 220: Algerian Insurrection, Heba Saleh
		The worst of the unrest was confined to the Berber-speaking region of Kabylia, where the protests originated, but in June and July there were repeated disturbances in much of eastern Algeria, including several provinces whose populations speak Arabic rather than Berber.
		In Kabylia, ruthless repression was the first reaction of the authorities towards the demonstrations which erupted after the killing of Massinissa Guermah.
		But if the brutality of the much-hated gendarmes, and by extension the state which employs them, was the immediate cause of the unrest in Kabylia, it was clear from the beginning that the anger of the rioters was aimed at much more than the gendarmes.
	www.merip.org /mer/mer220/220_saleh.html (1720 words)

	The Militant - May 21, 2001 -- Berbers in Algeria demand justice, jobs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The rally was called in response to the killing of some 80 young people by the police over the course of a week of protests in Kabylia, located in the northeast of the country.
		Fearing the spread of the protests beyond the Kabylia area, the cops a few days earlier forced student demonstrators in Algiers organizing solidarity demonstrations to remain inside the university campus.
		The Kabylia region "is the country's most politicised region," stated the Economist, and "had been chafing at the authority of the central government ever since the early years of Algeria's independence in the 1960s, always pressing to have the Berber language and culture recognised."
	www.themilitant.com /2001/6520/652004.html (1004 words)

	North African Berbers and Kabylia's Berber Citizens' Movement - [tamazgha] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Whether in the olive-clad mountains of Kabylia or the terraced valleys of their Aurassian fastness, they are white men, and in general they act like white men.
		This mistrust between Kabylia and the central authorities is an indication of the unbridgeable schism separating them, even if some clans in the regime use such tension to further their political objectives.
		The Berber Spring was crushed and the regime sought to isolate Kabylia and to portray the events as a foreign conspiracy targeting Algerian unity.
	www.tamazgha.fr /article.php3?id_article=225 (2788 words)

	H-Net Review: Patricia M.E. Lorcin on Colonial Migrants and Racism: Algerians in France, 1900-62
		In Kabylia, however, opportunities for agricultural employment were rare so the Kabyles migrated first to the plains, then to the urban areas, and finally on to France.
		In discussing Kabylia and the Kabyle migrant tradition, MacMaster states that the "underlying functions of the Manichean image created by the French of Arabs and Kabyles was to establish a policy of divide-and-rule" (p.
		stationed in Kabylia, who imagined the Kabyles to be receptive to these reforms because of their affiliations with the French, were greatly disillusioned when the Kabyle insurrection broke out in 1871, the worst of its kind prior to the war of independence.
	www.h-net.org /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=24722898181276 (1611 words)

	Kabylia
		I was on board this Shell tanker ss Kabylia for about one year, from May 1960 until may 1961.
		From a safety point of view a amidships is not the best solution as it located in the middle of all the cargo tanks, so in case of an accident escape would probably be very difficult.
		The ships such as the Kabylia were equipped with 33 cargo tanks, 11 on the starboard side, 11 midships and 11 on the port side.
	www.xs4all.nl /~eeuwen/kabylia.htm (570 words)

	Algeria: the unforgiven, by Ignacio Ramonet
		In 1871 it was the scene of a vast revolt, savagely put down by the French generals who had just crushed the Paris Commune.
		Kabylia has persistently demanded that its cultural particularities be recognised and Tamazight become one of Algeria’s official languages.
		But though regional issues may have sparked the recent unrest in Kabylia, they are not the main concern of the demonstrators.
	mondediplo.com /2001/07/01leader (847 words)

	ALGERIA'S AMNESTY AND THE KABYLIA QUESTION \| World War 4 Report
		He also charged that in Kabylia people from other regions were bussed in to local schools where the voting was taking place to inflate the poll return numbers from.
		Since then, Kabylia has endured series of a year-long of school boycott in 1994, in protest of the government's refusal to recognize the Berber language, Tamazight, as one of Algeria's official languages.
		Many perceive that Kabylia is being purposely deconstructed, and its strong community ties torn by this surge in emigration.
	www.ww4report.com /node/1235 (2222 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Middle East \| Rising tide of Berber unrest
		The inhabitants of Kabylia, along with other Berbers living in remote, mostly desert or mountain areas, were never fully Arabised and succeeded in holding on to elements of their culture and identity, despite conversion to Islam.
		In recent years, the repression of Kabyle cultural demands, which marked the period before 1989, gave way to manipulation of the language issue by a regime determined to play the Berberists off against the Islamists who had started to pose a challenge.
		Kabylia has given rise to two regionally based political parties, Hocine Ait Ahmed's Socialist Forces Front (FFS) and the Rally for Culture and Democracy, (RCD).
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/middle_east/1396736.stm (753 words)

	Country Profile Algeria - EIU Online Store (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		However, in April 2001 large-scale unrest involving the Berber-speaking inhabitants of the Kabylia region (to the east of Algiers) was sparked following the killing of a young Kabyle while in the custody of the gendarmerie.
		Kabylia remained troubled throughout 2002 with numerous protests against the authorities.
		The death of a youth while in the custody of the gendarmerie in Kabylia sparks weeks of rioting and demonstrations in the region in which up to 80 people are killed by the security forces.
	store.eiu.com /index.asp?layout=show_sample&product_id=30000203&country_id=dz (18625 words)

	The Militant - June 18, 2001 -- 300,000 in Algeria protest government repression (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		On May 29 a group of Arab intellectuals declared that "all of Algeria has affirmed its solidarity with Kabylia and has embraced the demands for dignity, respect of the rights of citizens, civil liberties, and the rule of law." The coordinating body of local leaderships is calling for a march in Algiers against Bouteflika.
		Bouteflika reshuffled his cabinet and expressed "deepest regrets for the tragic consequences" of the "events." The National Gendarme command announced June 1 it had jailed two auxiliary gendarmes for using weapons illegally, and another was arrested for injuring a civilian.
		The struggle against repression in Kabylia has provided an important break from the demobilizing impact of the civil war, allowing tens of thousands to come into action.
	www.themilitant.com /2001/6524/652402.html (1558 words)

	ACAS - On the edge commentary on Algeria 27 June 2001
		In April angry high school students rioted in the densely settled mountain towns of Kabylia east of Algiers, where the Berbers are concentrated.
		Because the Islamists have targeted women in the past, news that women had to cancel a demonstration in Kabylia because rioters took over the area even before the women could assemble and that armed rioters ran through a women’s dormitory at the university in Tizi-Ouzou, forcing the students to flee, support this supposition.
		There is talk of autonomy for Kabylia, which would amount to the dismantling of the unitary Algerian state (a pattern we have seen elsewhere).
	www.prairienet.org /acas/edge/algeria062701.html (944 words)

	Algeria: Human Rights Present and Past
		They concern both the recent violence in Kabylia and human rights abuses associated with counterinsurgency both by the Algerian government in recent years and by the French government in its effort to suppress Algerian indendependence in the 1950s.
		The authorities he spoke to in Kabylia were basically central government offshoots with little understanding of and less influence in the region.
		The scant respect Zerhouni and the administration have shown for the loss of life in Kabylia has caused outrage and was typical of the kind of grievance the young rioters harbour against the regime.
	www.africaaction.org /docs01/alg0105.htm (2676 words)

	Algeria: Every killing must be urgently investigated
		It expresses alarm at the high incidence of injuries to the head, neck, thorax and abdomen among the dead and wounded and reaches the conclusion that the gendarmerie and other security forces have repeatedly resorted to excessive use of lethal force.
		The authors of the report, mostly lawyers, magistrates, law professors and representatives of civil society, found no evidence that protesters had used firearms at any time during the demonstrations, finding that security forces used live ammunition in circumstances in which neither the lives of members of the security forces nor others were in imminent danger.
		In addition, Amnesty International calls on the Algerian government to take immediate action to ensure that all security forces are trained in and comply with international standards governing the conduct of law enforcement officials and the use of force and firearms and thereby respect and protect the right to life.
	www.amnestyusa.org /countries/algeria/document.do?id=54D486E8BEF20D8180256AB000518088 (886 words)

	Carry On Kabylia! (Do or Die)
		The minister of the Mujaheedin had to cancel a trip to Tizi Ouzou, and the Minister of the Interior was greeted with a rain of stones when he came to install a new prefect.
		On February 12, a general strike was called throughout Kabylia to protest the reappearance of police on the streets.
		In Kabylia, in spite of the participation of the FFS in the elections, 90% of those eligible refused to participate in the elections, and in the rest of Algeria 50% of those eligible did not vote.
	www.eco-action.org /dod/no10/kabylia.htm (2039 words)

	GN Online: Arab Perspective: A vote for change
		The legislative elections were held under critical conditions, amid the revival of clashes in Kabylia between security forces and Berber protestors.
		In addition there was a massacre hours before the vote where 23 people were burnt to death in a village west of the capital by extremist armed groups, writes Al Sharq (Qatar) in its editorial comment.
		The Socialist Forces Front and the Rally for Culture and Democracy are considered to be democratic and progressive parties, but by inhibiting people from voting they have betrayed their slogans and ideals of democracy and exchange of power, says Al Rab'ee.
	www.gulf-news.com /Articles/print.asp?ArticleID=53572 (1238 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Archive Search
		Rioting spread last weekend beyond the main Kabylia towns of Tizi Ouzou and Bejaia to the southern town of Biskra and to Annaba and Khenchela in the east.
		Demonstrations have been banned as the government braces for protests in the Kabylia next Monday to mark the third anniversary of the murder of a Berber nationalist singer, Lounes Matoub, attributed to Islamic groups.
		Algeria's 6m Berbers are concentrated in the Sahara and Kabylia regions, but the Kabylia is no poorer than other parts of the country.
	www.guardian.co.uk /Archive/Article/0,4273,4206888,00.html (464 words)

	Amnesty International Report 2002 - Middle East and North Africa - ALGERIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The authorities announced in October that those responsible for the killings would be brought to justice and that the victims or their families would receive just compensation.
		However, by the end of the year, no member of the security forces was known to have been put on trial for unlawful killings or other human rights violations in the context of demonstrations in Kabylia.
		No concrete action was known to have been taken by the authorities to clarify the fate of some 4,000 men and women who ''disappeared'' after arrest by members of the security forces or state-armed militias since 1993.
	web.amnesty.org /web/ar2002.nsf/mde/algeria!Open (2077 words)

	The Amazigh Voice, December 1995 - March 1995
		Later known as the Berber Spring, the 1980 events were sparked by the "lack of imagination" which the government exhibited when it prevented the Berber writer and anthropologist Mouloud Mammeri from giving a conference on ancient Berber poetry on March 10th of that year.
		In fact, written Arabic language was introduced in the Berber regions by the French institutions, the so-called "Bureaux Arabes." Her assertion that "the status of the Berbers was elevated" is the upper-most indignity to the memory of the hundreds of thousands of Berbers who died battling France.
		In fact, Kabylia was the last region to fall under French control in 1871.
	www.ee.umd.edu /~sellami/DEC95/review2.html (2040 words)

	Newsletter: March/April 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		All supported the government and therefore were part of it except the FFS and the PT; the RCD left the government last year over the Kabylia situation.
		Although Kabylia seems to have been on the edge of chaos for a year, everything started again on 25 March when the security forces forcibly entered the aârchs coordinating office in Tizi Ouzou, arrested 18 village delegates, and publicly tore down photos of victims killed last year.
		One third of the gendarmerie brigades left Kabylia on 5-10 April to be replaced by police.
	www.amnesty-volunteer.org /uk/algeria/02Mar.php (2082 words)

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