| | Volcanic Ash—Effects on Agriculture and Mitigation Strategies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03) |
 | | The information below is incomplete, however, and is not applicable to all situations because of the wide range of ash thickness and type and status of crops that can exist in different parts of the world at the time of an an explosive eruption. |
 | | Furthermore, there is a lack of detailed accounts of the effects of ash fall on individual farms in different regions, including the ways that farmers have attempted to reduce the damaging consequences to their crops and livestock. |
 | | The Department of Conservation also reported the death of a number of wild deer in the Kaimanawa Ranges, located downwind from Ruapehu, following the two largest October 1995 eruptions (possibly up to 5% of the sika deer population). |
| volcanoes.usgs.gov /ash/agric (4616 words) |