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Topic: Kakure Kirishitan

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	Kakure_Kirishitan
		Entdeckung der Kakure Kirishitan nach der Offnung Japans Im Jahr 1853 erzwangen die USA die Offnung Japans zum Westen hin.
		Das Christentum, an das die Kakure Kirishitan glaubten, war jedoch nicht mehr der ursprungliche Katholizismus.
		Nach der Aufhebung des Verbots des Christentums schlossen sich die meisten Kakure Kirishitan wieder der katholischen Kirche an.
	www.news-from-newspapers.com /de/Wikipedia.org/2005/03/14/Kakure_Kirishitan.html (482 words)

	Christentum in Japan - Wikipedia
		Bibeln oder andere schriftliche Quellen besaßen die Kakure Kirishitan nicht mehr.
		Entdeckung der Kakure Kirishitan nach der Öffnung Japans
		Jahrhunderts und der Entdeckung der immer noch bestehenden christlichen Gemeinde von Urakami in Nagasaki durch katholische Missionare kehrte etwa die Hälfte der Kakure Kirishitan zur katholischen Kirche zurück, aber ihr religiöses Leben war anfangs immer noch schwierig.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kakure_Kirishitan (1910 words)

	KAKURE KIRISHITAN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Kakure Kirishitan (é ãåæ”¯ä¸¹ auf Deutsch: Versteckter Christ) ist ein japanisches Wort und eine Bezeichnung für diejenigen, die trotz des Verbots des Shogunats das katholische Christentum als Religion angenommen hatten.
		Das Christentum war 1549 von den neugegründeten Jesuiten-Orden unter Franz Xaver in das damals politisch zerrissene Japan eingeführt worden.
		Bibeln und andere Bücher existieren seit langem nicht mehr, weil das Shogunat sie verbrannt hatte, und die lateinische Sprache in der sie verfasst waren von den Kakure Kirishitan sowieso nicht mehr beherrscht wurde.
	www.toonorama.com /encyclopedia/K/Kakure_Kirishitan (533 words)

	Kakure Kirishitan
		When Whelan met the old man, a Kakure Kirishitan priest, he told her that she was 10 years too late, that nothing had happened there since another priest died a decade earlier.
		On Ikitsuki, an island off Kyushu's northwest coast, an active group displays Kakure Kirishitan rituals as pieces of Japanese folklore with paid performances, but she does not regard that to be the pure practice of the religion.
		That kimono is a fitting metaphor for the Kakure Kirishitan — a religion born of persecution, enfolded in the heavy mantle of Japanese culture, concealed over the ages in a dark lacquer box of secrecy, destined to disappear bit by bit by careful bit as each member passes into eternity.
	www.catholiceducation.org /articles/religion/re0452.html (2170 words)

	WISHES
		The modern kakure kirishitan live in three parts of Nagasaki Prefecture, that is, the Ikitsuki-Hirado district, Sotome district and Goto Islands district, and also to a very small extent in the city of Nagasaki.
		Paradoxically speaking, therefore, the faith of the kakure kirishitan is not an old religion at all; it as an altogether up-to-date system of belief that lacks none of the features common to other modern Japanese religions.
		The faith of the kakure kirishitan, therefore, while exhibiting various features that are apparently Christian, is essentially a religion of Japanese nature that has been reabsorbed into the background of Japanese folk beliefs and now has little in common with the world-view of modern Christianity.
	www.uwosh.edu /home_pages/faculty_staff/earns/miyazaki.html (2491 words)

	Francis Britto's Brittopia: Downes: Kakure Kirishitan"
		Whelan did discover a Kakure Kirishitan bible, called gThe Beginnings of Heaven and Earthh or gTenchi Hajimari no Koto,h which she described as a gfascinating and bewildering amalgam of legends and tales c difficult to interpret.h However, neither priest she met knew of this work.
		On Ikitsuki, an island off Kyushufs northwest coast, an active group displays Kakure Kirishitan rituals as pieces of Japanese folklore with paid performances, but she does not regard that to be the pure practice of the religion.
		That kimono is a fitting metaphor for the Kakure Kirishitan--a religion born of persecution, enfolded in the heavy mantle of Japanese culture, concealed over the ages in a dark lacquer box of secrecy, destined to disappear bit by bit as each member passes into eternity.
	pweb.sophia.ac.jp /~britto/xavier/downes/downes01.html (2163 words)

	Japan
		Gokinai Kirishitan Daihyo Hoshojo (Letters from Christians in Gokinai to the General of the Society of Jesus) ?1588.
		Kirishitan art-forms - These are particularly valuable as sources of Christian history in the period.
		Those from the period 1574-1615, when the Kirishitan faith was approved, openly depict Christian figures and symbols on, for example, sword-hilts, candle-stands, hand-mirrors or tea-utensils.
	www.missionstudies.org /asia/japan.htm (1774 words)

	Was ist Kakure Kirishitan?
		Entdeckung der Kakure Kirishitan nach der Öffnung Japans
		Das Christentum, an das die Kakure Kirishitan glaubten, war jedoch nicht mehr der ursprüngliche Katholizismus.
		Doch auch heutzutage beträgt die Zahl der Japaner, die noch die alten Kakure-Bräuche praktizieren, gut einige Hundert.
	www.biologie.de /biowiki/Kakure_Kirishitan (571 words)

	Honolulu Star-Bulletin Local News
		The last remnants of the "Kakure Kirishitan" continue to live in segregated communities on sparsely populated southern islands, shunning attention despite the religious freedom that now exists in Japan.
		The Kakure scriptures, which translate as "The Beginning of Heaven and Earth," are a blend of Bible stories and Catholic doctrine mixed with some Japanese fables.
		The Kakure she met - literally led by a mailman down a muddy trail to their village - are in their 80s and 90s, in a community of squid fishermen.
	starbulletin.com /96/05/02/news/story1.html (859 words)

	Kakure Kirishitan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The shogunal Inquistion office (Kirishitan Shumon Aratame Yaku), established in 1640, aimed at total extermination of Christians.
		The practice of efumi (trampling on fumie, holy pictures), instituted in 1629 as a means of identifying beleivers, was well established by 1640.
		A related term, Hanare Kirishitan (seperated Christians), refers to the descvendents of Old Cristians whose faith survived the National Seclusion period but who refused reconciliation with the Roman Catholic church after the abolition of Cristian prohibition laws in the mid-19th century.
	www.baobab.or.jp /~stranger/mypage/kakure.htm (329 words)

	Orasho
		The kakure kirishitan disguised their statues of Mary and Jesus as Buddhist images and had their gatherings in secret.
		The kakure kirishitan’s prayers are called orasho, from the Latin oratio (prayer), which the Jesuits taught them in the 16th century.
		To avoid being caught by the authorities, the kakure kirishitan went up into the mountains and hid under a blanket to muffle the sound of their voices reciting the old texts.
	home.planet.nl /~d.v.ooijen/sashimisen/orasho.html (705 words)

	Countrybookshop.co.uk - Kakure Kirishitan of Japan, The
		The Kakure Kirishitan are the descendants of the communities who maintained the Christian faith in Japan as an underground church during the time of persecution, and then chose to remain separate from the Catholic Church when religious toleration was granted in 1873.
		The island of Ikitsuku, where the most active Kakure are to be found, was an important centre of early Christianity, and its Kakure communities came into being when differences were perceived between the beliefs and practices they had preserved and orthodox Catholic teaching.
		The Kakure faith shares with Japanese religion a polytheistic and pluralistic nature, yet maintains a unique identity in which recognisable Christian elements are to be found.
	www.countrybookshop.co.uk /books/index.phtml?whatfor=1873410700 (290 words)

	Nagasaki - Wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Der Shogun entsandte 120.000 Soldaten, um den Aufstand niederzuschlagen, und beendete damit Japans kurzes "christliches Jahrhundert".
		Einige Japaner hielten am Christentum fest, jedoch heimlich (Kakure Kirishitan) und als Opfer gelegentlicher Verfolgungen.
		Die Niederländer hatten sich zu dieser Zeit still und leise in Japan festgesetzt, trotz der offiziellen Politik des Shogunats, den ausländischen Einfluss im Land zu beenden.
	www.wikipedia.de /wiki/Nagasaki (850 words)

	Dr. Stephen Turnbull Professional Services
		The island is now sacred to the Kakure Kirishitan, and even though it is in the middle of the sea, there's a fresh water spring, and the Kakure get their holy water for baptism from this one source.
		This was a time of the ‘Senpuku Kirishitan', the Secret Christians, who almost literally went underground in the sense of having as their churches and chapels the little store room round the back of their homes, that became the centre for worship and devotion.
		The most moving place I went to was not a Kakure shrine but the Shinto Hime shrine in Ikitsuki, the shrine where that general had prayed before going to massacre the inhabitants of the island in 1645.
	www.stephenturnbull.com /religion.html (1578 words)

	Christianity in Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Soon various communities of Kakure Kirishitan or hidden Christians, were discovered in the region.
		Of approximately 60,000 Kakure Kirishitan discovered at that time only half chose to return to the reintroduced church.
		The anti Christian laws were still in effect, and many of the discovered Christians were jailed or exiled to other parts of the country.
	www.baobab.or.jp /~stranger/mypage/chrinjap.htm (3117 words)

	Martyrs of Japan
		Finally, in 1614, Shogun Ieyasu issued the edict of persecution and ensured its implementation: churches were destroyed, foreign missionaries were expelled, and Japanese Christians tortured and killed.
		From this time on Christians went into hiding and were known as Kakure Kirishitan (Hidden Christians).
		In 1637/38 the "Shimabara Rebellion," a peasant uprising in Kyushu under Christian leadership, was put down.
	www.satucket.com /lectionary/Japan_martyrs.htm (701 words)

	Museums & Memorial Sites in Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Secret Kirishitan cross lantern(Oribe Toro) is still located in the garden of Ume's residence at this house prison.
		Myoshiji Abbots acquired the bell in the 16th century when the Kirishitan church next to the Imperial Palace was burned and residents persecuted.
		One of the sites where Kakure Kirishitan were taken for interrogation imprisonment and torture after they came out of hiding during the Meiji era.
	www.keikyo.com /museums/index.html (867 words)

	Bulletin of Portuguese-Japanese Studies volume 7 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This paper discusses the Kakure Kirishitan of the Sotome area in Nagasaki Prefecture where hiding and secrecy are still the prevailing characteristics of the religion.
		Schisms within the Kakure Kirishitan community and related feuds and ostracisms, kept secret from non-believers, are analyzed.
		During the period of prohibition of Christianity in Japan secrecy obviously had a rational basis as exposure of Kakure Kirishitan faith to non-believers resulted in waves of persecution, bloodshed and discrimination.
	cham.fcsh.unl.pt /engl/bulletin7_e.htm (962 words)

	La Prensa - Magazine - Japón, la Semana Santa de los “cristianos ocultos”
		Luego, los Kakure Kirishitan comen juntos “sushi”, el típico pastelillo de pescado crudo con arroz que hoy es uno de los manjares de la cocina nipona, y las legumbres cocidas en salsa de soja “onishime” propias de las grandes celebraciones.
		Pero lo más importante para un Kakure Kirishitan ese día es sacar a la luz las estatuas y ornamentos religiosos que durante el resto del año han permanecido en escondrijos, igual que en el pasado.
		En aquella época los “Kakure Kirishitan” camuflaron los iconos religiosos como si fueran ornamentos japoneses, por lo que la imagen de Jesucristo aparece aquí con un mechón de pelo propio de los hombres japoneses de hace 500 años, y la Virgen María vestida con los tradicionales ropajes japoneses, en quimono.
	www.laprensa.com.ni /archivo/2004/abril/06/magazine/magazine-20040329-15.html (906 words)

	Emi Mase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In the session, I would like to present about Kakure Kirishitans know as Hidden Christians in Japan: how uniquely Kakure Kirishitans lives were mixed with indigenous religion and culture, and how Catholicism underwent a transformation when an attempt was made to give it roots in Japanese culture.
		The first introduction of Christianity was during the century of Francis Xavier's arrival in Japan in 1549, and the Catholic church grew after his arrival.
		In 1639 Japan closed the gate for foreign traders (All European traders except the Dutch - with whom trade was not linked to the propagation of the Christian religion - were banned from the country.) Hence, for two centuries (until 1853) Japan was isolated from the rest of the world.
	www2.teo.au.dk /html/cms/english/Archive/Conference02/emi_mase.htm (319 words)

	The Kirishtan Holocaust Memorial Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Included are Keikyo crosses, a rubbing of the Keikyo Monument in Koya San, rare Keikyo documents tracing the journey of The Eastern Cross to Japan as early as 198/199 AD.
		Further items range from actual Fumie, wooden boards on which the early Kirishitan were forced to step to renounce their faith, an actual Kirishitan Prohibition Board and items from the daily live of the Kirishitan including roof tiles, combs, mirrors, cups, plates and various other extremely rare items.
		Kakure Kirishitan items include hidden crosses on the back of Buddha figures, in pictures testimony to the strong faith of the Kakure Kirishitan.
	www.keikyo.com /keikyo/museum.html (305 words)

	Guy's Books and Thoughts: THE KAKURE KIRISHITAN OF JAPAN by Stephen Turnbull (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		THE KAKURE KIRISHITAN OF JAPAN by Stephen Turnbull
		Kakure Kirishitans in the nineteenth century when Japan was forced
		Kakure Kirishitan correct their beliefs before being received back
	www.gbarto.com /guytak/2005/02/kakure-kirishitan-of-japan-by-stephen.html (497 words)

	Japan's Clandestine Christians in danger of dying out
		The 64-year-old abacus teacher performs the role of "oyaji," or lay leader, for other local so-called Clandestine Christians -- descendants of islanders who went underground to survive the organised persecution of Christianity that began under 17th-century Tokugawa Shogunate and only ended in 1873.
		Toriyama himself prays that "Kakure Kirishitan," Clandestine or Hidden Christians, will be able to overcome the danger of disappearing from the remote, subtropical islet -- and perhaps altogether.
		Masashi Funabara, a 41-year-old Hidden Christian, says his community will decide by the end of this year whether it should disband, but he wants to pass on his faith to his five-year-old daughter and three-month-old son even by himself -- in the true spirit of Kakure Kirishitan.
	quickstart.clari.net /qs_se/webnews/wed/cb/Qjapan-religion.RbJR_Da3.html (900 words)

	Keeping the Faith (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This, he explains, is a holy place to Japan's kakure Kirishitan, or hidden Christians, who still worship privately in each other's homes.
		Many of the prayers the kakure Kirishitan recited were nonsensical collections of syllables.
		The result, concludes Kentaro Miyazaki, a scholar of hidden Christianity, is that the kakure Kirishitan evolved into something neither hidden nor Christian, but 'a folk religion altogether Japanese in spirit and content.'
	www2.gol.com /users/coynerhm/faith.html (764 words)

	Les "chrétiens clandestins" du Japon en voie d’extinction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Toriyama, professeur d’abaque de 64 ans, joue le rôle de père spirituel pour une petite communauté de ceux qu’on appelle encore les "kakure kirishitan", littéralement les chrétiens qui se cachent.
		Ce chiffre a baissé de plus de 30% en six ans et ne cesse de diminuer, les jeunes quittant cette île de pêcheurs et paysans pour aller chercher du travail ailleurs.
		Cela explique que des "kakure kirishitan" refusent encore, cent trente ans après la levée de l’interdiction de leur foi, de rejoindre l’église catholique.
	ermitage.ouvaton.org /breve.php3?id_breve=3 (622 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Books: The Kakure Kirishitan of Japan: A Study of Their Development, Beliefs and Rituals to the Present ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Amazon.co.uk: Books: The Kakure Kirishitan of Japan: A Study of Their Development, Beliefs and Rituals to the Present Day
		First major study in English of the Japanese 'hidden' Christians - the Kakure Kirishitan, who chose to remain separate from the Catholic Church when religious toleration was granted in 1873 - and the development of the faith and rituals from the 16th century to the present day.
		Top of Page : The Kakure Kirishitan of Japan: A Study of Their Development, Beliefs and Rituals to the Present Day
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/1873410700/stephenturnbul04 (555 words)

	Chinese Kuan-Yin with Child (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A Kuan-Yin with Child made in China for the 'Kakure Kirishitan' (Hidden Christians) of 19th century Japan.
		There is a small repair to the child's foot.
		Books are placed on a nearby rock to her right, symbolizing the traditional scholarly aspirations of Chinese parents for their children.
	www.gallery-paradise.com /KuanYin.html (90 words)

	Example of Japanese Catholics who had no priests for 200 years (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In a new church at Nagasaki on 17 March, 1865, fifteen Christians made themselves known to Père Petitjean, assuring him that there were a great many others, about 50,000 in all being known.
		They called themselves Kakure Kirishitan, or hidden Christians.
		The Japanese Catholics called themselves Kakure Kirishitan, or hidden Christians.
	www.sspx-schism.com /JapaneseCatholics.htm (2067 words)

	Untitled Document
		The purpose of this site is to provide a visual record of our studies of Kakure Kirishitan (Hidden Christians) in Japan.
		The site will display the photographs of artifacts, places, and people that put Kakure Kirishitans into a historical context of Christianity in Japan.
		In hopes of sparking more interest in our project, the photographs will provide brief information on the subject’s significance, date, location, and explanation of the unique aspects.
	www.stolaf.edu /depts/asian-studies/projects/kakurekirishitan/aim.html (123 words)

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