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Topic: Kalbids

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	Kalbids - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Raids into southern Italy continued under the Kalbids into the 11th century, and in 982 a German army under Otto II was defeated near Crotone in Calabria.
		The Kalbids died out in 1053, and in 1061 the Normans of southern Italy arrived under Roger I of Sicily and began their conquest, which was completed in 1091.
		Under the Kalbid dynasty, Sicily, and especially Palermo, was an important economic centre of the Mediterranean.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kalbids (407 words)

	Kalbids Did You Mean kalbids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In 827, in the midst of internal Byzantine conflict, the Aghlabids arrived at Marsala in Sicily, with 10,000 men under Asad ibn al-Furat.
		With Yusuf al-Kalbi (990-998) began the decline of the dynasty, since he had to leave the government to his sons and the Zirids of Ifriqiya intervened in Sicily.
		Under the Kalbids, Sicily, and especially Palermo, was an important economic centre of the Merranean.
	www.did-you-mean.com /Kalbids.html (362 words)

	DragonBear History: All That: Normans in Italy
		By 1066 (while their cousins in the north were busy doing something or other), the Normans in southern Italy had become the dominant power in the region.
		Richard of Aversa was Prince of Capua, ruler of the west coast; Robert Guiscard was Duke of Apulia, overlord of the east coast and the foot; and Robert's younger brother Count Roger was slowly conquering Sicily from the Saracen Kalbids.
		In 1081, Robert Guiscard's success and ambition brought him to take the offensive against the Byzantine Empire beyond the Italian peninsula: he invaded across the Adriatic and besieged the city of Durazzo.
	www.dragonbear.com /normans.html (1493 words)

	Fatimid decrees
		In his negotiations with the Fatimid Imam az-Zahir in 423/1032, the emperor Romanus III Argyrus (968-1034) however expressly demanded that the Fatimids should not aid the Sahib Sikilliyya in the campaign against Byzantine.
		In the interim, the Jarrahid Hassan bin Mufraj was once again on revolt in 415/1024 and executed a pact of new alliance with the Kalbid Sinan bin Suleman and the Kilabid Saleh bin Mirdas.
		After the death of Sinan bin Suleman, the Kalbids rallied to the side of the Fatimids, enabling the Fatimid commander Anushtagin ad-Dizbiri to inflict defeat to the joint forces of Hassan bin Mufraj and Saleh bin Mirdas at Uqhuwana in Palestine in 420/1030.
	ismaili.net /histoire/history05/history568.html (606 words)

	WikiMiki.net - 944 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Fatimids had taken the treasury and fleet with them to Egypt, so the first priority of the Zirid government was to consolidate their rule.
		However the loss of the fleet meant loss of control over the Kalbids in Sicily.
		Buluggin advanced towards the Atlantic during a campaign in Morocco, where he also fought against the Bargawata.
	hu.wikimiki.net /en/944 (2465 words)

	Everything about 944 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		When the Fatimids moved their base to Egypt in 972, Ziri's son Buluggin ibn Ziri (971-984) was appointed viceroy of Ifriqiya.
		The removal of the fleet to Egypt made the retention of Kalbid Sicily impossible, while Algeria broke away under the governership of Hammad ibn Buluggin, Buluggin's son.
		The relationship with the Fatimid overlords was variable - in 1016 thousands of Shiites lost their lives in rebellions in Ifriqiya, and the Fatimids encouraged the defection of Tripolitania from the Zirids, but nevertheless the relationship remained close.
	1711.en.wikimiki.org /en/944 (2871 words)

	Italy in the Middle Ages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first half of the 9th century saw other troubles for Italy as well.
		In 827, Muslim Arabs known as Aghlabids invaded and conquered Sicily; their descendants, the Kalbids, ruled the island until 1053.
		In 846, Muslim Arabs invaded Rome, looted St.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Italy_in_the_Middle_Ages (1880 words)

	Sicilian Peoples: The Arabs - Best of Sicily Magazine - Moors and Saracens in Sicilian History
		Three Arab dynasties ruled Sicily --first the Aghlabids (a "minor" family based in Tunisia which had broken away from the Abbasids of Baghdad) and then, from 909, the Fatimids, who entrusted much of their authority to the Kalbids in 948.
		Bal'harm was the official residence of the Governors and Emirs of All Sicily, and al-Khalesa (now the Kalsa district) was its administrative center.
		As we've mentioned, in 948 the Fatimids granted a degree of autonomy to the Kalbid dynasty, whose last "governor" (effectively a hereditary emir), Hasan II (or Al-Samsan), ruled until 1053.
	www.bestofsicily.com /mag/art168.htm (2458 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Kalbids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		This is an extract from The Middle East Open Encyclopedia, made possible through the Wikimedia Foundation.
		Iraq Museum International always displays the most recent published revision of the source article, Kalbids; all previous versions may be viewed here.
		They link directly to authoring tools for you to start writing a particular article.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref?title=Kalbids (527 words)

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