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Topic: Kalenjin

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	Kalenjin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kalenjin is an ethnic group of Nilotic origin living in the Great Rift Valley in western Kenya.
		The languages of the Kenyan Kalenjin peoples are classified under the linguistic family of Kalenjin languages, which also encompasses languages spoken in Tanzania (e.g.
		The Kalenjin have been called by some "the running tribe." Since the mid-1960s, Kenyan men have earned the largest share of major honors in international athletics at distances from 800 meters to the marathon; the vast majority of these Kenyan running stars have been Kalenjin.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kalenjin (424 words)

	The Kalenjin of Kenya
		Identity: The Kalenjin are called Highland Nilotes because they live in the Highlands of the Rift Valley and are related to the people in the Nile area of Sudan and Uganda.
		The Kalenjin are related to the Datooga in north central Tanzania, the southernmost group of the Highland Nilote migration.
		The Kalenjin as a group are related to the Samburu and Maasai somewhat.
	dickinsg.intrasun.tcnj.edu /nations/kenya/kalenjin.html (1004 words)

	MAR \| Data \| Assessment for Kalenjin in Kenya (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Kalenjin were marginalized in the independence negotiations and alienated from their land by the colonial settlers.
		The main grievance of the Kalenjin against the government is their perceived lack of participation in politics at the central state level.
		In the past, since the Kalenjin held the presidency and a preponderance of ministerial positions, they were in a position to pursue their interests and were relatively immune from targeted government repression, although human rights abuses by the government were rampant.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/mar/assessment.asp?groupId=50109 (594 words)

	[No title]
		The attackers were often dressed in an informal uniform of red or fl t-shirts, their faces marked with clay in the manner of initiation candidates, and armed with traditional bows and arrows or pangas (machetes).
		Local Kalenjin often reported that outsiders had come to tell them that they had to fight and that the Kikuyu or others were planning to attack them.
		Although it seemed that the first outbreak of fighting was a simple land dispute between members of the Luo and Kalenjin groups, the violence rapidly took on the content and ethnic breakdown of the wider political debate.
	www.idpproject.org /Sites/idpSurvey.nsf/wViewCountries/7FEC147EDB860BEAC12569B9004C9994 (845 words)

	Kenya: political violence spirals
		The Kalenjin, together with a number of other ethnic groups, are perceived as KANU supporters while the Kikuyu are perceived as supporters of the opposition, voting mainly for the Democratic Party (DP).
		Kalenjin raiders were described by eyewitnesses as well-organised, moving together in large groups, making sounds like dogs yelping before attacking, killing people and burning and looting houses in broad daylight, apparently with no fear.
		Kalenjin witnesses recognised many of their attackers, often neighbours, who were wearing normal clothes and carrying pangas and rungus.
	www.amnestyusa.org /countries/kenya/document.do?id=7D51FB7FD344556F8025690000692F88 (5299 words)

	International Reporting Project - Fellows' Stories
		These highlands, homeland of the Kalenjin tribe, are so close to the equator that the sun rises promptly at 6 each morning.
		Kalenjin women are equally dependable, rising before dawn each day to fetch water, gather firewood and brew tea before their husbands and fathers wake up.
		The Kalenjin have lived for generations at high altitude, between 5,000 and 10,000 feet, and their hearts and lungs have adapted to low-oxygen air, making their cardiovascular systems exceptionally strong.
	www.internationalreportingproject.org /stories/kenya/kenya_ff1.htm (2351 words)

	Chronology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Since Moi came to power, Kalenjin and Maasai politicians in KANU have advocated the introduction of the Majimbo (federalism) system (which was proposed at independence but abandoned by then-President Kenyatta, a Kikuyu), claiming that the Rift Valley was originally the land of the Kalenjin and other pastoral groups, including the Maasai, Turkana, and Samburu.
		The Kalenjin Assistant Minister Kipkalia Kones declared Kericho District a KANU zone and stated that the Kalenjin youth in the area had declared war on the Luo community in retaliation for several Kalenjins killed in earlier violence.
		500 Kalenjins attacked the Kikuyu, Luhya, and Kisii in Olenguruone of the Nakuru District.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/mar/data/kenmasschro.htm (5478 words)

	[No title]
		Violence in the Rift Valley Province began with an attack on a Pokot (sub-group of the Kalenjin) homestead by unknown raiders.
		Fifteen Kalenjin were killed in recent ethnic violence in the Njoro and Mau Narok areas.
		Pokot and Samburu, sub-groups of the Kalenjin, are thought to be the main perpetrators of the violence, and Kikuyu the main victims.
	www.idpproject.org /Sites/idpSurvey.nsf/wViewCountries/656FCB5A57979784C12569B9004B4B78 (1297 words)

	Jon Entine specializes in sports and race, business ethics, socially responsible investing, and green brand marketing
		Based on the results achieved by the finest Kalenjin runners, Berkeley anthropologist Vincent Sarich, the co-founder of the field of genetic anthropology, statistically estimates that the average Kalenjin could outrun 90 percent of the rest of the human race.
		Many argue that the Kalenjin secret is in their training regimen, which violates most tenets of sophisticated Western thinking.
		Although most Kalenjin are farmers now, their traditional livelihood had been herding.
	www.jonentine.com /reviews/UPI_reconstruction.htm (1673 words)

	Kalenjin language resources
		Kalenjin is spoken on a daily basis in: Kenya
		The Kalenjin linguistic group is concentrated in the area north to south and west
		Ethnic groups:Kikuyu 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii...
	www.mongabay.com /indigenous_ethnicities/languages/languages/Kalenjin.html (553 words)

	Read about Kalenjin at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Kalenjin and learn about Kalenjin here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The languages of the Kenyan Kalenjin peoples are classified under the linguistic family of
		Kalenjin languages, which also encompasses languages spoken in Tanzania (e.g.
		World Championships medals, and World Cross Country Championships honors) have been earned by Kalenjin.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Kalenjin (430 words)

	Fourth World Bulletin, Spring/Summer 1996
		Daniel arap Moi, a Kalenjin, was Kenyatta's vice-president and occupied his office with total deference to Kikuyu domination of the state and of KANU.
		The Kalenjin were the main constituents of the Kenya African Democratic Union (KADU) that opposed Kenyatta and the Kikuyu, but it never could compete successfully, nor was there any other competitor to Kenyatta, the Kikuyu or KANU.
		The Kalenjins aspire to return to the Rift Valley from which they were evicted, along with the Maasai, during the colonial period.
	carbon.cudenver.edu /fwc/Issue10/Africa/maasai-3.html (1432 words)

	Encyclopedia: Kalenjin languages
		The Kalenjin languages are a group of twelve related Southern Nilotic languages spoken in Kenya, eastern Uganda and northern Tanzania.
		The United Republic of (Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania in Swahili) is a country on the east coast of central Africa.
		The Kalenjin languages are generally distinguished into four sub-branches.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Kalenjin-languages (239 words)

	Kenyan Runners: Nature or Nurture by Steve Sailer for UPI; Kalenjin, the Running Tribe, steeplechase, altitude, genes, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Based on the results achieved by the finest Kalenjin runners, Berkeley anthropologist Vincent Sarich, the co-founder of the field of genetic anthropology, statistically estimates that the average Kalenjin could outrun 90% of the rest of the human race.
		So, the fact that some fraction of Kalenjin kids run miles every day, and do so at high altitude, appears to be less a cause than an effect of their underlying ability.
		Although most Kalenjin are farmers now, their traditional livelihood was from herding.
	www.isteve.com /2001_Kenyan_Runners_Nature_or_Nurture.htm (2104 words)

	International Reporting Project - Fellows' Stories
		She recognized the name, and she knew he was a member of her tribe, the Kalenjin.
		While the women and girls are fetching water and firewood, preparing meals, taking care of the children and growing food, the men and boys tend the livestock and help with the farming.
		To keep their families and villages going when the men were working on white farms or in the cities, they were performing all of the chores without help.
	www.internationalreportingproject.org /stories/kenya/pf_kenya_ff2.htm (1893 words)

	Articles - Kalenjin language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Kalenjin is a cluster of closely related dialects spoken in Western Kenya by about 12% of Kenya's population.
		The languages of the Kenyan Kalenjin peoples are classified under the linguistic family of Kalenjin languages, which also encompasses such languages as Akie (Tanzania) and Kubsabiny (Uganda).
		Due to this even broader use of the term 'Kalenjin', it is common practice in linguistic literature to refer to the languages of the Kenyan Kalenjin peoples as the 'Nandi languages'.
	www.poncier.com /articles/Kalenjin_language (196 words)

	Fourth World Bulletin, Spring/Summer 1996 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The indigenous (i.e.: "ethnic") composition of Kenya is approximately: Kikuyu 21%; Luhya 14%; Luo 13%; Kalenjin 11%; Kamba 11%; Kisii 6%; Meru 5.5%; Maasai 1.5%; Turkana 1.5%; and Teso 1%.
		The Kalenjin are not one cohesive socio-cultural entity, but rather are comprised of eleven distinct peoples, the most populous of which are the Kipsigis, the Nandi, and the Pokot.
		The Luhyas, like the Kalenjins, are a collective that acquired their present name at the time of liberation from colonial rule.
	carbon.cudenver.edu /public/fwc/Issue10/Africa/maasai-en.html (291 words)

	Kenya’s People - the Nilotes - Traditional Music & Cultures of Kenya
		Anthropologists divide the Nilotes into three main groups: the Highland or Southern Nilotes, who comprise the Kalenjin tribal group and the Pokot; the Lake or Western Nilotes, who include the Luo and Acholi; and the Plains or Eastern Nilotes, who are exclusively nomadic herders.
		The Pokot are sometimes also classed as Kalenjin, but this seems to be purely academic: the Pokot themselves have their own distinctive and strong identity, with little affinity to (or love for) their Kalenjin neighbours, and so I have covered them separately in this website.
		The main thing that differentiates the Plains Nilotes of the Rift Valley from their Luo, Pokot and Kalenjin cousins is their total reliance on pastoralism, as well as their taboos against agriculture, hunting and the eating of wildlife or fish.
	www.bluegecko.org /kenya/contexts/nilotes.htm (1445 words)

	Observer \| Black runners 'have speed genes'
		Twelve of the world's top 20 distance runners are Kalenjin and their seemingly effortless victories in 800-metre races and marathons have sparked a passionate debate about genetic advantage.
		High altitude - the Kalenjin live on a plateau 7,000ft above sea level - increases the number of red blood cells which carry oxygen around the body and is thought to explain the low heart rate.
		To test whether Nandi Hills runners were 'born with talent', the scientists chose three groups of schoolboys at random - one from Denmark, one from the Nandi Hills and one from Eldoret - who had never had athletic training.
	observer.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,4096637-102275,00.html (738 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Hot Topics - Marathon
		The Kalenjin tribe lives in a province in the northwest of Kenya.
		When the muscle fibres of Kalenjin runners were analysed they were found to be capable of converting oxygen into energy much more efficiently than the Danish runners.
		The theory is that the Kalenjin runners carry certain genes which adapt them to living in hot, dry conditions at high altitude.
	www.bbc.co.uk /science/hottopics/marathon (837 words)

	Kalenjin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Kalenjin is a Nilotic ethnic group or tribe living in the Great Rift Valley inwestern Kenya.
		The Kalenjin have been called by some "the running tribe." Since the mid- 1960s, Kenyanmen have earned the largest share of major honors in international athletics atdistances from 800 meters to the marathon; the vast majority of these Kenyan running stars have been Kalenjin.
		In recent years, Kenyan women have become a major presence in international athletics at the distances;most of these women are also Kalenjin.
	www.therfcc.org /kalenjin-163144.html (175 words)

	[No title]
		The attackers, he says, were Kalenjin, the small pastoral tribe of Kenya's long-time President, Daniel arap Moi.
		At public rallies, they have warned that the political opposition was arming itself as a plot to eliminate indigenous residents from the Rift Valley.
		They have referred to Kikuyus as "aliens" and "foreigners," as opposed to Kalenjins and other pastoral tribes, whom they call "natives" and "original inhabitants." \par The vio lence has coincided with calls by high-ranking Kalenjins within Moi's government for "majimboism," a federal system based on ethnicity.
	www.aliciapatterson.org /APF1701/Berkeley/Berkeley.rtf (3398 words)

	Food and macronutrient intake of male adolescent Kalenjin runners in Kenya
		A nutritional survey based on twelve adolescent male Kalenjin runners in Kenya during a 2-week field study was carried out in order to determine the composition of their diet and make a comparison with macronutrient recommendations for athletes.
		Food samples were collected for analysis of macronutrient distribution and energy content from main meals and the macronutrient distribution and energy content of additional food intake were based on the information of a 24 h recall interview and estimated from food tables.
		The diet of the Kalenjin runners met recommendations for endurance athletes for total protein and most essential amino acid intake as well as carbohydrate intake even though it was based on a small range of food items.
	www.nutritionsociety.org.uk /bjn/088/bjn0880711.htm (285 words)

	Fast Forward: The rise of Kenya's women runners
		The Kalenjin tribe is Kenya's fifth largest ethnic group.
		Before the 1968 Olympics, the Kalenjin were known mainly for their resistance to British rule.
		For boys, that often means continuing to run, with the support of parents and spouses.
	www.post-gazette.com /nation/20020505kenya0505p2.asp (2704 words)

	Dr.J. on Running - Genes or Environment
		The Kalenjin of Kenya, with a population of only 3 million, win 40 percent of the top distance races.
		The researchers also tested three groups of schoolboys selected at random: one from Denmark, one from the Kalenjin, and one from a neighboring Kenyan region, all of them with no prior athletic training.
		Coe enforced his argument by noting that economic circumstances require Kalenjin youths to run upwards of ten miles each day to and from school, at an altitude of 7,000 feet.
	running.syr.edu /column/20001218.html (538 words)

	kenya-mail.com's Kenya Safari Guide --> People and Culture - Ethnic Groups of Kenya (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Among Kenya’s Nilotic speakers, the major groups are the River-Lake, or Western, group (Luo); the Highlands, or Southern, group (Kalenjin); and the Plains, or Eastern, group (Masai).
		The next largest are the Luhya (14 percent), the Luo (12 percent), the Kamba (11 percent), and the Kalenjin (11 percent).
		Thus, the majority of Kikuyu live in south central Kenya, the majority of Luhya in western Kenya, the majority of Luo in southwestern Kenya, the majority of Kamba in east central Kenya, and the majority of Kalenjin in west central Kenya.
	www.kenya-mail.com /Safari/Ethnicgroups.html (304 words)

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