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Topic: Kalinga (India)

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	Kalinga Kingdom- Indian History
		Kalinga is mentioned in the ancient scriptures as Kalinga the Braves (Kalinga Sahasikha).
		The vast military strength of Kalinga was the cause of jealousy for the Magadha empire.
		During Ashoka's invasion the capital of Kalinga was Toshali near Dhauli.
	www.gloriousindia.com /history/kalinga_kingdom.html (200 words)

	india, hotel india, india hotel, accommodation guide india, india accommodation guide, hotel guide india, india hotel ...
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		The Story Of ITDC : India Tourism Development Corporation was established in 1966 as an autonomous public sector corporation.
		ITDC was entrusted with the task of helping develop infrastructure and promote India as a tourist destination.
	www.indiatravelinfo.com /ashoka (136 words)

	States of India,India States, India Tourism, States of India, Indian States,India States and Union Territories ...
		Travel to India is achieving new targets with time due to the picturesque and beautiful tourist destinations, hill stations and pilgrimages present within the States of India.
		Assam is more than just a gateway to the rest of north eastern part of India, it is the land of lush green cover in the rolling plains as well as the dense forests of the state.
		Nestled between West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh, Orissa - The Ancient Kalinga, lies on the eastern coast of India with the waters of the Bay of Bengal swirling along its eastern and southeastern boundaries.
	www.capertravelindia.com /india/states-of-india.html (1070 words)

	Kalinga Empire Tour,Kalinga Empire India Tour,Kalinga Empire Tour in Orissa India,Tour of Kalinga Empire in India
		Kalinga was a rich and fertile land that extended from the river Subarnarekha to Godavari and from Bay of Bengal to Amarkantak range in the West.
		The Jagannath temple was built by the Kalinga King Chodganga in the beginning of the12th century.
		The Gundicha temple - The Gundicha temple which is just a km away from the Jagannath temple of Puri is also known as the aunt's house.
	www.goforindia.com /kalinga-empire.html (735 words)

	Kalinga War in India (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Emperor Ashoka, one of the greatest rulers of India, was the most famous of the Mauryas who ruled over North India.
		His last major campaign was fought for the conquest of the Kingdom of Kalinga (in Orissa) in 261 BC.
		The Kalinga war was a turning point in his life.
	www.india9.com /i9show/Kalinga-War-34302.htm (198 words)

	Steel Tubes. Kalinga steel tubes & pipes, a product of Bhushan limited (Pipe & Tube Division)Distributors in ...
		Kalinga is one of the most modern and sophisticated Steel Tube Plant in the country manufacturing HFIW Galvanised and Black Steel Pipes in the sizes ranging from 1/2" to 4" (15 mm to 100mm N.B.).
		And in addition to this, Kalinga is now in the process of putting up a new venture to make HFIW pipes upto 16" Size, with most advanced technology to meet the requirement of Indian as well as International Market.
		Kalinga a "Quality name" in pipe Industry in India is playing a pivotal role in the development of diversified application of pipes/tubes, e.g.
	www.pipedistributors.net /prod_pd.html (244 words)

	Britain.tv Wikipedia - History of India
		India's history essentially includes the entire Indian subcontinent, encompassing the territory of the modern nations of the Republic of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Bhutan.
		In the 21st century, India has made impressive gains in economic investment and output, and stands as the world's largest democracy with a population exceeding one billion, is self sufficient in terms of food, and is a fast-growing, economically strong country, with the fourth largest economy (PPP) in the world.
		Kalinga was one of the many kingdoms throughout India at the time that were not one of the Mahajanapadas, however, they would play an important role in one of ancient India's most famous events - the conquest of their kingdom by the Emperor Asoka Maurya.
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=History_of_India (6020 words)

	Kalinga - LoveToKnow 1911
		The Kalinga of Pliny certainly included Orissa, but latterly it seems to have been confined to the Telugu-speaking country; and in the time of Hsiian Tsang (630 A.D.) it was distinguished on the south and west from Andhra, and on the north from Odra or Orissa.
		Taranatha, the Tibetan historian, speaks of Kalinga as one division of the country of Telinga.
		Both these towns, as well as Singapur, Calingapatam and Chicacole, share the honour of having been the chief cities of Kalinga at different periods; but inscriptions recently deciphered seem to prove that the capital of the Ganga dynasty of Kalinga was at Mukhalingam in the Ganjam district.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Kalinga (224 words)

	Kalinga - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kalinga is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon.
		It is said that in the Ibanag and Gaddang languages, Kalinga comes from the common noun “kalinga” which means “enemy”, “fighter”, or “headhunter”.
		The Kalingas were able to maintain their culture despite the occupation of the Spaniards, Japanese and Americans due to the mountainous terrain and warrior-culture of the people.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kalinga (271 words)

	Samapa: Or the Asokan Kalinga
		Kalinga is said to be a district in the country ruled over by Saktivarma, who had his chief seat of government at Pishtapura (Pitahpur).(l3) On paleographical grounds, these plates may be assigned to a little before or after the conquest of Kalinga by Samudragupta.
		Mahakantaraka, and Mahendragiri, --the Kautturaka of the Allahabad Pillar inscription, or the Udra, Konyodha and Kalinga of Hiuen-Tsiang.
		Hiramandalam, Hirapuram in the Parlakimidy Taluk, Hira Khandi in Dharakota Zamindari, Hirapalli in Gumsur Taluk, Hirapalli in Attagada Zamindari of the Ganjam District, are all remnants of Ceylonese colonisation in Kalinga.
	ccbs.ntu.edu.tw /FULLTEXT/JR-ENG/ramdas.htm (4511 words)

	[No title]
		Exactly a year after the Kalinga Nagar police firing in which 12 of the adivasis protesting against their displacement were killed, Amnesty International is concerned that justice continues to elude the victims and that the Orissa Government has failed to fully address their concerns over displacement and threat to their livelihood.
		Kalinga Nagar is being promoted as an industrial area by the state Government-owned Industrial Development Corporation (IDCO).
		The adivasis at Kalinga Nagar continue to barricade the proposed plant site and a few neighbouring villages and prevent entry of officials in the area until their demands are met.
	www.amnestyusa.org /news/document.do?id=ENGASA200012007 (700 words)

	The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Main News
		India successfully test fired the supersonic anti-ship Brahmos cruise missile from a naval warship for the first time today, defence officials said.
		The test was conducted from INS Kalinga in the Bay of Bengal off the Orissa coast, the officials said.
		India’s ambitious missile programme has gone into high gear with the successive successful tests of several other missiles like the nuclear-capable Agni and the surface-to-air Akash.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2003/20031124/main7.htm (310 words)

	India Travelogue - Destinations: Travel Guide to Orissa with history of the state (Site not responding. Last check: )
		At the dawn of history, Orissa formed part of the powerful kingdom of Kalinga that was practically coextensive with Oriyan speaking tracts and stretched from the mouth of the River Ganga to that of the Godavari.
		Kharavela, the greatest king ever to rule Kalinga, launched a series of conquests, winning lands as far as Cape Comorin in the south, River Ganga in the north and Maharashtra in the west.
		Orissa was separated from Bihar and made a separate province in 1963 under the Government of India Act of 1935.
	www.indiatravelogue.com /dest/orri/orri2.html (718 words)

	India Update
		The court also asked the state to clarify its stand on the formation of a high-level committee with an eminent social worker as a member to formulate a rehabilitation and resettlement policy for the persons or families to be displaced by the establishment of the Tata Steel plant.
		Kalinga Nagar at Duburi is a 12,000-acre complex where various industries propose to set up projects with a total capacity of 15 million tonnes.
		India's annual output of primary aluminium, or new metal made from the mineral bauxite, is estimated at more than 800,000 tonnes.
	www.minesandcommunities.org /Action/press886.htm (3652 words)

	HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH
		In india, since the day of independence the governments from village panchayath to national capital – delhi are being stage managed by the rich and mighty industrialists/traders.
		As a result, at one end india’s debt burden is increasing at an alarming rate at the other the fl economy fuelled by the corrupt is thriving.
		Given the fact that India is equipped with the most modern facilities in fingerprinting and DNA sampling it is questionable why the bodies were dismembered for preserving records.
	journals.aol.com /nagmysr/HUMANRIGHTSWATCH (1881 words)

	History of Orissa,Ancient History of Orissa,Historical Information on Orissa India
		According to the Puranas Kalinga is known to be a powerful kingdom as early as the time of the Kurukshetra battle.
		The Kalinga War was one of the most dreadful and ponderous nature taking the lives of as many as 1,00,000 people.
		Kalinga became one of the administrative provisions in the empire of Magadha with headquarters of a Kumara (Viceroy) located at Tosali.
	www.indiasite.com /orissa/history.html (1989 words)

	History
		India was divided into several territorial states, who had their own kings with a measure of autonomy.
		North India was in a state of confusion, however in the South the Andhra kings became powerful and they reached northward, occupying the holy city of Ujjain.
		The fourth century was the age of the Guptas who ruled over India for 150 years, during which the established a powerful and widespread empire, completing the Mauryan design of unity and consolidated the whole of India under the governance of a centralized state.
	www.anand.to /india/history.html (2240 words)

	KING ASHOKA: His Edicts and His Times
		The language used in the edicts found in the western part of India is closer to Sanskrit although one bilingual edict in Afghanistan is written in Aramaic and Greek.
		Asoka tells his subjects that he looked upon them as his children, that their welfare is his main concern; he apologizes for the Kalinga war and reassures the people beyond the borders of his empire that he has no expansionist intentions towards them.
		The Ajivikas were a sect of ascetics in ancient India established by Makkhali Gosala, a contemporary of the Buddha.
	www.cs.colostate.edu /~malaiya/ashoka.html (7945 words)

	Kalinga (India) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kalinga in 265 B.C.E. Kalinga was an ancient empire in central-eastern India.
		Colonists from Kalinga settled in far away places such as Sri Lanka, Burma as well as the Indonesia archipelago.
		Kharavela was a famous king of Kalinga during the 2nd century BCE, who, according to the Hathigumpha inscription near Bhubaneswar, Orissa, attacked Rajagriha in Magadha, thus inducing the Indo-Greek king Demetrius to retreat to Mathura.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kalinga_(India) (412 words)

	Introduction - Kharvela (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Kalinga had suffered defeat and was waiting for the right time to teach Magadha a lesson.
		Just at that time the King of Kalinga learnt disturbing news, a Greek King had come from beyond India and was marching towards Magadha.
		Suppose the King of Kalinga had welcomed this attack; suppose he had thought - 'Let this new enemy defeat the King of Magadha, my desire for revenge will be satisfied' – that would have been natural.
	freeindia.org /biographies/kharavela (261 words)

	Kashmir Sapphire: Ruby & Sapphire from India
		India's rulers were also the world's greatest gem collectors, amassing riches of incalculable value.
		Somewhat later, Kalinga (northeast India, between the valleys of the Mahanadi and Godavari rivers) and Kalpur (Kalpura; in central India) are added, but neither are today sources of corundum.
		While India's use of impure corundum as an abrasive appears to stretch back at least a millennia or more (see page 199), the country's history of gem corundum production is relatively brief.
	www.ruby-sapphire.com /r-s-bk-india.htm (8801 words)

	Welcome to Orissa!
		The festival is a fitting tribute to the victory of Peace over War where renowned dancers of India perform harmonising the vigour of martial art with sublime dance forms.
		Kalinga Mahotsav, a fabulous feast of dizzying dancing and dynamic stage presentations, is held at the foot-hill of the famous Peace Pagoda.
		The calm and solemn statue of Buddha overlooking the entire stage from the top of the stupa and the tranquil expanse of the countryside populated by paddy fields and cashew plantations provides the peaceful background to the outburst of movements and sounds which accompany the performance of the martial artists.
	www.orissatourism.gov.in /new/kalinga_maho.htm (366 words)

	National Portal of India : Know India : State and UTs
		Kalinga was subdued but the carnage, which followed, struck Ashoka with remorse.
		He united Kalinga, Kangoda, Utkal and Koshala in the imperial tradition of Kharavela.
		Although the state of Orissa had many ancient names like Kalinga, Utkal and Udra, it is widely known as the land of Lord Jagannath.
	india.gov.in /knowindia/st_orissa.php (715 words)

	Buddhism in Orissa,Buddhism Religion,Orissa Buddhism Religion,Major Religions in Orissa
		In the history of Buddhism in India the Kalinga War is one of the most memorable events since the scene of massacre and the carnage there resulted in a profound change in Ashoka's heart culminating in his conversion to Buddhism to eschew violence, on the realization that the victory of the sword was not genuine.
		Tissa, brother of Ashoka, spent his last years in Kalinga and Bhojakagiri Vihar became the residence of Dharmarakshita, the teacher of Tissa, from where he transmitted the doctrines of Buddhism and inspired the people of Kalinga.
		His distinguished disciple 'Dhitak Kumar' came to Kalinga to establish the foundation of the 'Sravastivada' school of Buddhism, which received wide acceptance, and Kalinga turned out to be one of its principal centres.
	www.indiantravelportal.com /orissa/religion/buddhism.html (693 words)

	BBC NEWS \| South Asia \| Battle over Indian steel mills
		Twenty years ago Kalinga Nagar, in the eastern state of Orissa, was a quiet area of paddy fields and forests, its villages relatively untouched by the mainstream of Indian life.
		The only problem is that many of the people living in Kalinga Nagar, near the town of Jajpur, do not want to make way for the new factories.
		Adding to the pressure are the Naxalites, an armed Maoist insurgency operating in eastern India, which claims to be fighting on behalf of marginalised rural communities.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/south_asia/4686638.stm (873 words)

	People's Movements in Orissa Face Political Repression
		As many as 13 industrial plants had been declared to be set up in Kalinga Nagar itself, resulting in evacuation of thousands of indigenous people from their own lands, sans adequate compensations, relocation benefits, education or healthcare assurances, let alone alternative residences.
		Biju Patnaik was the epitome of corruption in the post-independent India, and during his last tenure at office, he had acquired the lands of Kalinga Nagar at the cost of Rs 35,000 per acre.
		Supreme Court of India in its worst of wisdom had declared strikes as illegal (in a country that gained independence through strikes of workers as a major force) and Anil Agarwal got the approval.
	countercurrents.org /hr-pattanayak110107.htm (1755 words)

	India
		India's lengthy history is rich with languages, art, empires and traditions that exist even to today.
		The south of India is bordered on the western coast with mountains that act as a natural protection.
		India's unique ancient history combined with it's rich tradition in art will continue to draw fascinated admirers for generations to come.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Places/Place/325077 (1288 words)

	Orissa (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Kalinga finds mention in the Adiparva, Bhismaparva, Sabhaparva, Banaprava of Mahabharat so also is the conquest of Karna.
		Kalinga King Srutayu stated to have fought the Mahabharat war for the Kauravas.
		The Kingdom of Kalinga extended from the river Rushikulya to Godavari and from Bay of Bengal to Amarkantak range in the West.
	www.theindianculture.com /states/Orissa/Orissa.htm (1150 words)

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