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Topic: Kalinga War

	Kalinga Conference
		The Kalinga War was arguably the most important battle to be fought in ancient India.
		As the rock edict of Emperor Asoka states, "In the great battle of Kalinga, 150,000 people were thence taken captive, and 100,000 were killed.
		In the Kalinga Conference, an astro-turf field is located at Rourkela.
	www.bharatiyahockey.org /kreeda/kalinga.html (206 words)

	The Provincial Profile of Kalinga
		The northern Kalingas are considered the most colorful and gaudily attired, as well as the most heavily ornamented, of the peoples of northern Philippines.
		The Kalinga identify strongly with his or her tribe and this strong tribal identification has led to frequent bloody conflicts in the past.
		The people of Kalinga are the most extensive rice farmers of the Cordillera peoples, having been blessed with some of the most suitable land for both wet and dry rice farming.
	www.geocities.com /lppsec/pp/kalinga.htm (1052 words)

	Kalinga War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The war began in the 9th year of Ashoka's reign, probably in either 265 or 264 BC.
		Ashoka's response to the Kalinga War is recorded in the Edicts of Ashoka.
		According to some of these (Rock Edict XIII and Minor Rock Edict I), the Kalinga War prompted Ashoka, already a non-engaged buddhist, to devote the rest of his life to Ahimsa (non-violence) and to Dhamma-Vijaya (victory through Dhamma).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kalinga_War (279 words)

	Kalinga War Information
		Kalinga War was a war fought between the Mauryan Empire under Ashoka the Great and the state of Kalinga, a feudal republic located in on the coast of present-day India state of Orissa.
		Ashoka's response to the Kalinga War is recorded in the Edicts of Ashoka.
		Ashoka was at least practising Buddhist four years before Kalinga war and was encouraged to start the war by Buddhists only to propagate their religion.
	www.bookrags.com /Kalinga_War (240 words)

	Northgate Ward
		Kalinga Park was officially opened by Mr A L Petrie, Member for Toombul, on Saturday 3 September 1910.
		The Kalinga Park Tennis Club was granted a twelve month tenancy over two tennis courts in the vicinity of the roadway in Kalinga Park adjacent Park Avenue entry from 1 September 1973.
		The annual Kalinga Karnival was established in 1990 and ran until 1998 with an international food, music and entertainment theme introduced at the 1996 carnival.
	www.northgateward.org /heritage/page29.html (647 words)

	Political Philosophy of the Sikh Gurus : Gateway to Sikhism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		War is recognised as one of the modes of settling disputes among the belligerent parties or states.
		It seems that the laws of wars and other ethics and principles to be followed by the belligerent groups as evolved during the Guru period became precursor of the modern conventions of warfare.
		The purpose of such laws of war is to minimise the suffering of the individuals and to circumscribe the area within which the savagery of armed conflict is permissible.
	allaboutsikhs.com /books/kjs/07.htm (4096 words)

	Organiser
		The Kalinga war was the first and last war of Ashoka where he himself declared that the conquest through dharma was the real conquest than the conquest through violence.
		It is understood that the Kling tribe is the immigrants of Kalinga.
		Kalinga was given the name Utkal by Bhouma Dynasty king Sibarkar Deb in 8th century A.D. In 1055 AD the Soma Dynasty monarch of South Koshala took the reign of Utkal.
	www.organiser.org /09apr2000/deal.html (1436 words)

	History of Orissa,Ancient History of Orissa,Historical Information on Orissa India
		According to the Puranas Kalinga is known to be a powerful kingdom as early as the time of the Kurukshetra battle.
		The Kalinga War was one of the most dreadful and ponderous nature taking the lives of as many as 1,00,000 people.
		Kalinga became one of the administrative provisions in the empire of Magadha with headquarters of a Kumara (Viceroy) located at Tosali.
	www.indiasite.com /orissa/history.html (1989 words)

	Ancient
		Srutayudha, the king of the Kalinga joined the camp of the Kourava in the battle and was killed in the battle by Bhimasena with his two heroic sons: Bhanumana and Ketumana.
		The Kalinga War was of colossal nature in which as many as 1,00,000 were killed and 1,50,000 were taken captives while as many as that number died as an aftermath of the war.
		The South Kalinga with its capital Pishtapura was under the rule of the Durjayas, the middle Kalinga was under the Eastern Gangas, while the northern Kalinga known as Kalinga Rastra was being ruled by the Vigrahas.
	www.orissa.gov.in /history1.htm (19647 words)

	Kalinga (India) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kalinga in 265 B.C.E. Kalinga was an ancient empire in central-eastern India.
		This region was scene of the bloody war fought by the Mauryan king Asoka the Great of Magadha around 260 BCE.
		Kharavela was a famous king of Kalinga during the 2nd century BCE, who, according to the Hathigumpha inscription near Bhubaneswar, Orissa, attacked Rajagriha in Magadha, thus inducing the Indo-Greek king Demetrius to retreat to Mathura.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kalinga_(India) (407 words)

	Welcome to Orissa!
		The festival is a fitting tribute to the victory of Peace over War where renowned dancers of India perform harmonising the vigour of martial art with sublime dance forms.
		Kalinga Mahotsav, a fabulous feast of dizzying dancing and dynamic stage presentations, is held at the foot-hill of the famous Peace Pagoda.
		The calm and solemn statue of Buddha overlooking the entire stage from the top of the stupa and the tranquil expanse of the countryside populated by paddy fields and cashew plantations provides the peaceful background to the outburst of movements and sounds which accompany the performance of the martial artists.
	www.orissatourism.gov.in /new/kalinga_maho.htm (366 words)

	People Asoka - Biographies Of Great Indians
		Kalinga was a rich and fertile land between the Godavari and the Manhandi.
		The suffering caused by war does not end on the battlefield; it continues to poison the minds and lives of the survivors for a long time.
		Ujjain was the capital of Punjab, Taxila of Malava, Suvarnagiri of Dakshinapatha and Kosala of Kalinga.
	www.bharatadesam.com /people/asoka.php (4395 words)

	Ashoka resources -
		Kalinga was a state that prided itself on its sovereignty and democracy; with its monarchical-cum-parliamentary democracy, it was quite an exception in ancient Bharata, as there existed the concept of Rajdharma, meaning the duty of the rulers, which was intrinsically entwined with the concept of bravery and Kshatriya dharma.
		Kalinga put up a stiff resistance, but they were no match for Ashoka's brutal strength.
		As the legend goes, one day after the war was over, Ashoka ventured out to roam the city and all he could see were burnt houses and scattered corpses.
	www.referensics.com /A/Ashoka.php (2671 words)

	Maurya Empire information - Search.com
		However, the prospect of battling Magadha in a major war was one of the factors that caused the refusal of his troops to go further east, Alexander returned to Babylon, and redeployed most of his troops west of the Indus.
		Although the annexation of Kalinga was completed, Ashoka embraced the teachings of Gautama Buddha, and renounced war and violence.
		Indeed, Emperor Asoka (the third Mauryan ruler) would be so troubled by the violent war in Kalinga that he would become a believer in Buddhism and emphasize non-violence, while endorsing freedom of religion in his empire.
	www.search.com /reference/Maurya_Empire (3200 words)

	IndiaParenting.com - Great Indians - Ashoka The Great
		This was the first and last battle that Ashoka ever fought and serves as a watermark in his life as it changed his course forever.
		It was during this war that he earned the title Ashoka the Great.
		Kalinga was a prosperous little kingdom lying between the river Godavari and Mahanadi, close to the Bay of Bengal.
	www.indiaparenting.com /stories/greatindians/gi014.shtml (611 words)

	Peaceful Headhunters
		The Kalinga and the subcultures within knows exactly the boundaries and territories that belong to them and crossing boundaries through travel or swidden processes could involve confrontation escalating to injury and then to retaliation.
		It was an answer to extinguishing animosity and the concept of vengeance towards a life of peace and prosperity.
		To settle problems Kalinga leaders would present their oratorical skill to the disputing or opposing parties.
	www.csupomona.edu /~ajusay/anthro/kalinga/new_page_4.htm (255 words)

	People's Movements in Orissa Face Political Repression
		As many as 13 industrial plants had been declared to be set up in Kalinga Nagar itself, resulting in evacuation of thousands of indigenous people from their own lands, sans adequate compensations, relocation benefits, education or healthcare assurances, let alone alternative residences.
		In the most shocking case of mass murder in the recent history of world, Kalinga Nagar resulted in deaths of 12 tribals (and subsequent mutilation of their bodies inside the police station to obstruct post-mortem/identification).
		Biju Patnaik was the epitome of corruption in the post-independent India, and during his last tenure at office, he had acquired the lands of Kalinga Nagar at the cost of Rs 35,000 per acre.
	www.countercurrents.org /hr-pattanayak110107.htm (1755 words)

	Kalinga: Harry S. Pariser (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The most famous creation of Kalinga culture, an accomplishment shared with but not equaled by the neighboring Igorot and Ifugao tribes, is the system of rice terraces.
		Rice is the lifeline of the Kalingas, and the terraces are the symbol of their struggle to survive.
		She tells me of a Kalinga belief that if a small bird flies across your path and cries twice, you will meet with some misfortune when you arrive at your destination.
	www.catch22.com /~vudu/kalinga.html (2180 words)

	Asoka - Facts
		The war sequence towards the end of the film is both beautiful and intense.
		During the day Santosh continued shooting the actual war, at around 4:30 in the evening two of the Assistants from the Direction team would demarcate an area facing the setting sun and set up the post-war shots, for Asoka's walk through the bloodied battlefield after the war was over.
		At the end of the war, when there are no more soldiers left to fight and the horses run bare back, it is a touching sight.
	www.upperstall.com /asokafacts.html (649 words)

	mauryas
		Alexander's invasion prompted Indians to develop a centralised state.Chandragupta declared war and defeated Selucus Nicator,the Macedonian ruler of the Northwestern territories captured by Alexander the Great.Along with the the astute advice of Chanakya, Chandragupta also seized Punjab, Kabul, Khandahar, Gandhara and Persia from Selucas.
		However, Kalinga was not friendly with the Mauryans and so a war was fought between the people of Kalinga and Mauryans led by Bindusara's son Ashoka.
		261 BC: The Kalinga War Ashoka succeeded in conquering Kalinga after a bloody war in which 100,000 men were killed, 150,000 injured and thousands were captured and retained as slaves.The sight of the slaughter involved in his conquest deeply distressed Ashoka and deeply affected his mind.
	members.tripod.com /masad/mauryas.html (779 words)

	History Maurya Empire - History Of Ancient, Medieval And Modern India.
		Although Ashoka's army succeeded in overwhelming Kalinga forces of royal soldiers and civilian units, an estimated 100,000 soldiers and civilians were killed in the furious warfare.
		According to Megasthenes, the empire wielded a military of 600,000 infantry, 30,000 cavalry, and 9,000 war elephants.
		Although the extent of their successes against indigenous powers such as the Shungas, Satavahanas, and Kalingas are unclear, what is clear is that Scythian tribes brought about the demise of the Indo-Greeks and retained lands in the trans-indus and Gujarat.
	www.bharatadesam.com /history/maurya_empire.php (2768 words)

	The Hindu : National : Stupas, inscription indicate Lord Buddha's visit to Kalinga
		The discovery includes 10 Ashoka stupas, a fort which housed the royal headquarters of the Kalinga State and remains of the Ashoka period dating back to the third Century B.C, say Dr. Rout and authorities of the institute.
		Pradhan said the research and excavation might also lead to the discovery of the exact venue of the Kalinga war.
		Till now it was said the war was fought on the banks of the Daya on the outskirts of Bhubaneswar.
	www.hindu.com /2005/08/04/stories/2005080403011300.htm (508 words)

	TherionArms - Luzon Kalinga war shield (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Kalinga had a nasty reputation for ferocity, and collected the heads of their enemies until stopped by European colonialists in the late 1800's - with a short revival of the practice against the invading Japanese in WWII.
		Kalinga shields are distinguished by the flattened upper and lower projections, in comparison to the neighboring Tinguian and Bontoc shields that are rounded on the ends.
		This wooden shield is decorated with flat rattan bands, the right side (from the user's perspective) of the shield was split and repaired during it's working life with rawhide lacing.
	www.therionarms.com /sold/ttoy329.html (234 words)

	Gawad Kalinga
		President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo graced Gawad Kalinga's global expo to honor the thousands of GK heroes, ordinary people who sacrifice themselves to love the country's poor and contribute to building the nation.
		The Frat War I'm writing on here is that of the Upsilon Sigma Phi's war on poverty.
		Just like GMA who keeps on declaring a War on Poverty," read on about what happened - because on this hot and steamy labor day, the brods chose to use shovels, barettas, and pick axes to move dirt and stones for tangible and realistic results - the construction of communities.
	www.gawadkalinga.org /gk_news/gk_news_view.php?id=0505-010 (866 words)

	Buddhist Channel \| Archaeology \| Stupas, inscription indicate Lord Buddha's visit to Kalinga
		The discovery includes 10 Ashoka stupas, a fort which housed the royal headquarters of the Kalinga State and remains of the Ashoka period dating back to the third Century B.C, say Dr. Rout and authorities of the institute.
		Pradhan said the research and excavation might also lead to the discovery of the exact venue of the Kalinga war.
		Till now it was said the war was fought on the banks of the Daya on the outskirts of Bhubaneswar.
	www.buddhistchannel.tv /index.php?id=00000000004,00000001538,0,0,1,0 (487 words)

	Print news - IPS Inter Press Service
		SYDNEY, Mar 24 (IPS) - The Pacific islands are very far away from the war on Iraq, but the conflict has been brought much nearer by the involvement of the region's political heavyweight, Australia, and the fact that many of their own men and women are serving in U.S. and British forces.
		Pacific island nations are also worried that the region could become a theatre of terrorism in the future, due to their role in the conflict.
		She added that facing a choice between supporting peaceful and diplomatic means and war, her government chose the ”only rational way” - the peaceful path.
	www.ipsnews.net /print.asp?idnews=16955 (1021 words)

	India Unit TeacherWeb Ashoka Task (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		261 BC: The Kalinga War Ashoka succeeded in conquering Kalinga after a bloody war in which 100,000 men were killed, 150,000 injured and thousands were captured and retained as slaves.
		He renounced war and sought peace in Buddha's preachings of love and ahimsa (non-violence).
		The war also developed in him a hatred for all kinds of violence.
	teacherweb.com /wa/meadowdale/india/wqr4.stm (805 words)

	The Edicts of King Asoka An English rendering by Ven. S. Dhammika
		It seems that Asoka had been calling himself a Buddhist for at least two years prior to the Kalinga war, but his commitment to Buddhism was only lukewarm and perhaps had a political motive behind it.
		But after the war Asoka dedicated the rest of his life trying to apply Buddhist principles to the administration of his vast empire.
		Asoka tells his subjects that he looked upon them as his children, that their welfare is his main concern; he apologizes for the Kalinga war and reassures the people beyond the borders of his empire that he has no expansionist intentions towards them.
	www.hinduwebsite.com /buddhism/history/edicts_of_asoka.asp (8169 words)

	intro
		Ashok the Mauryan King of Magadh, invaded Kalinga in 261 BC and this event has gone down in history as the Great Kalinga war.
		This is what he wrote about the Kalinga war in his thirteenth Rock Edict.
		The country of Kalinga was conquered when King Priyadarshan, beloved of the Gods had been anointed eight years.
	www.orissa.gov.in /intro.htm (706 words)

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