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Topic: Kalmucks

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	Tatars - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		After a strenuous resistance to Russian conquest, and much suffering at a later period from Kirghiz and Kalmuck raids, they now live by agriculture, either in separate villages or along with Russians.
		Their dress is that of their former rulers, the Kalmucks, and their language contains many Mongol words.
		Although Turkestan and Central Asia were formerly known as Independent Tartary, it is not now usual to call the Sarts, Kirghiz and other inhabitants of those countries Tatars, nor is the name usually given to the Yakuts of Eastern Siberia.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Tatars (1622 words)

	Astrakhan, Russia (Government) - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The surface is a low-lying plain, except that in the west the Ergeni Hills (500-575 ft.) form the water-parting between the Volga basin and that of the Don.
		The climate is very hot and dry, the average temperature for the year being 50° Fahr., for January 21°, and for July 78°, rainfall 7.3 in., but often there is no rain at all in the summer.
		The Kalmucks and Kirghiz have their own local administrations, and so have the Astrakhan Cossacks (25,600).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Astrakhan,_Russia_(Government) (341 words)

	[No title]
		Now the Kalmuck custom is to distinguish their years by attaching to each a denomination taken from one of twelve animals, the exact order of succession being absolutely fixed, so that the cycle revolves of course through a period of a dozen years.
		For this one advantage the Kalmuck leaders had consented to aggravate by a thousand-fold the calamities inevitable to a rapid flight over boundless tracts of country with women, children, and 30 herds of cattle--for this one single advantage; and yet, after all, it was lost.
		The fact was that three Kalmucks, who had strong motives for returning to their countrymen on the west bank of the Wolga, guessing the intentions of Weseloff, had offered 30 to join him in his escape.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/docs/books/gutenberg/1/6/0/2/16026/16026.txt (13463 words)

	Bolod's Guesthouse & Tours .:: official web site ! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The main population of the Kalmucks live, or rather drag out, their existence after the usual fashion of nomad tribes in Dzungaria, in the eastern part of the Tian-shan, on the south border of the Gobi, on Koko-nor, and in the province of Kan-suh.
		There is still a not unimportant population in the so-called steppe of the Kalmucks, which extends between the Caspian and the Volga in the east and the Don in the west, and from the town of Sarepta in the north to the Kuma and the Manych in the south.
		The Kalmuck, therefore, is the key of the Mongolian, and should form the groundwork of Mongolian studies.
	www.bolodtours.com /culture.php (15668 words)

	Bakshibio
		Geshe-la was born in 1901 amongst the Kalmucks, who are Tibetan Buddhists, in the region of Russia west of the Volga River known as Astrakhan Province.
		Though Kalmuck country was part of Russia, the Kalmucks were left mostly on their own by the Russian peoples.
		The Kalmuck students had a great advantage over the Tibetan students because they had already begun these philosophical studies in their home monasteries and would enter their course in Tibet by repeating the study of the Perfection of Wisdom.
	www.dickinson.edu /departments/relgn/Bakshibio.htm (9006 words)

	Diamond Way Buddhism in Russia : The Stupa of Enlightenment in Elista
		In 1943, the entire Kalmuck nation itself was exiled to Siberia as part of the nationalities policies of the former Soviet Union.
		One Kalmuck woman brought her brother to the construction place and told us that he "sinned a lot" and that now he needed to stop and asked us to let him work "to purify himself".
		The Kalmucks have really held onto their culture despite being in a completely Slavic and Tatar environment far from the Mongolian steppes for over 350 years.
	www.buddhism.ru /eng/we/elista.shtml (3073 words)

	Chapter 54. Types of Animal Sacrament Page 2
		An expiation, similar in principle but different in details, is offered by the Kalmucks to the sheep, whose flesh is one of their staple foods.
		Rich Kalmucks are in the habit of consecrating a white ram under the title of the ram of heaven or the ram of the spirit.
		The animal is never shorn and never sold; but when it grows old and its owner wishes to consecrate a new one, the old ram must be killed and eaten at a feast to which the neighbours are invited.
	www.web-books.com /classics/Nonfiction/Religion/Golden/GoldenC54P2.htm (887 words)

	History & Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Kalmucks’ ancestors, the Oyrates, are renowned by their warlike character since the epoch of Genghis Khan.
		According to the agreement signed in 1609 by Vasily Shuisky and Kalmuckian Khan Kho-Urlyuk, the Kalmucks were given lands between the rivers Volga and Ural where the Kalmuckian Khanstvo was established.
		On December 28, 1943 the whole people was deported to the Eastern regions of the country, and the Autonomous Kalmuckian Republic was liquidated.
	www.bobiverson.com /kalmykia/article01.htm (137 words)

	Kalmucks \| English \| Dictionary & Translation by Babylon
		The Kalmyks (alternatively "Kalmucks," "Kalmuks," or "Kalmyki") are the descendants of the Oirats, the historic and collective identity of the West Mongolian people.
		Kalmucks, Kalmuiks, or Calmucks A people of Mongolian race settled principally in Russia and China, but found in other parts of Central Asia.
		In China they are known as Olüts or Elocts: their language is akin to Mongolian, and they use the same alphabet.
	www.babylon.com /definition/Kalmucks/English (151 words)

	KALMUCKS
		Date "KALMUCKS" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1871.
		"KALMUCKS" is generally used as a noun (proper) -- approximately 100.00% of the time.
		"KALMUCKS" is used about 2 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /Ka/Kalmucks.html (298 words)

	Tatars
		The Astrakhan Tatars (about 10,000) are, with the Mongol Kalmucks, all that now remains of the once so powerful Astrakhan empire.
		The Baraba Tatars, who take their name from one of their stems (Barama), number about 50,000 in the government of Tobolsk and about 5000 in Tomsk.
		The Cholym or Chulym Tatars on the Cholym[?] and both the rivers Yus speak a Turkish language with many Mongol and Yakut words, and are more like Mongols than Turks.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ta/Tatar.html (1592 words)

	Forums at the Society - John Bell
		Notwithstanding this wonderful sagacity, these animals are often surprized by the Kalmucks; who ride in among them, well mounted on swift horses, and kill them with broad lances.
		Whence it appears, that when any general or person of distinction was interred, all his arms, his favourite horse and servant, were buried with him in the same grave; this custom prevails to this day among the Kalmucks and other Tartars, and seems to be of great antiquity.
		This last reference, to Kalmucks is especially interesting as Australian Long Rider Tim Cope is about to ride into Kalmuckia, the only Buddhist country inside the geographic borders of Europe.
	www.militaryhorse.org /forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=5675 (1200 words)

	mb2
		After the first World War, they emigrated from the steppes of southern Russia to Yugoslavia and brought the Buddhist Symbol of the Wheel from the river Don to the Danube.
		I had a cordial conversation with that priest who spoke about the adventures of the Kalmyks during the long travel from the Don to the Danube.
		He showed me some of the small, neat houses of the Kalmucks and an old woman, who was weaving, showed me some of the material she had made.
	members.tripod.com /kakono/mb2.htm (530 words)

	TRANS Nr. 15: Jeremy Howard (School of Art History, University of St Andrews, Scotland): 'Imaging the Kalmyk'
		Of the Kalmucks and their religion he [John Cook, 1770] shows much greater understanding than other travellers.
		Cook was appalled to find that the Kalmucks, although sometimes burying their dead, often threw them out to be devoured by dogs.
		He remained on friendly terms with the Kalmucks and even on one occasion drank their disgusting tea, mixed with rancid butter and salt, and did not let them see him throw it up.
	www.inst.at /trans/15Nr/05_05/howard15.htm (4625 words)

	John Bell: A Journey from St Petersburg to Pekin
		I was informed by the Tartars in the Baraba, that Tamerlane, or Timyrack-Sack, as they call him, had many engagements in that country with the Kalmucks; whom he in vain endeavoured to conquer.
		They are, sometimes indeed, interrupted, and robbed of all their booty, by parties of the Kalmucks, who abhor the disturbing the ashes of the dead.
		While we were at Tomsky, one of these grave-diggers told me, that once they lighted on an arched vault; where they found the remains of a man, with his bow, arrows, lance, and other arms, lying together on a silver table.
	www.iras.ucalgary.ca /~volk/sylvia/Bell.htm (3760 words)

	Tatars History Tartars Profile Biography and Encylopedia Entry Arkansas Encyclopedia Essay
		The Bashkirs who live between the Kama, Ural and Volga are possibly of Finnish origin, but now speak a Tatar language and have converted to Islam.
		The Astrakhan Tatars number about 10,000 and are, with the Mongol Kalmucks, all that now remains of the once so powerful Astrakhan empire.
		These are Tatars who inhabit the upper Kuban, the steppes of the lower Kuma and the Kura, and the Araks, number about 1,350,000 (19th century).
	69fingers.8k.com /ae14.html (2159 words)

	AoE3 Forum - rusische FF Version (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Upgraded Church - 9 Kalmucks are you foremost anti-cavalry/artillery units.
		Use the Kalmucks and oprichnik to take out the falconets and the longbows and any pikes should be a breeze with your falconets and strelets.
		Send a Kalmuck to quickly explore their base (try not to let it die), if they are massing units you probably don't want to attack.
	www.aoe3-planet.de /aoe3-forum/ftopic1514.html (2523 words)

	Tolstoy Foundation - Valley Cottage, New York - History - International Humanitarian Relief
		In the 1960's, they were resettled by the Tolstoy Foundation in several places in the United States, where they created thriving communities.
		The Tolstoy Foundation also assisted in the resettlement of many Circassians, Kalmucks and other Northern Caucasians.
		In 1972, the Tolstoy Foundation joined the U.S. Department of State's Refugee Resettlement Program and assisted in the resettlement of refugees from all over the world to the U.S., including Russian Jews, primarily those in mixed marriages, and Ugandan Asians who were fleeing the regime of General Idi Amin.
	www.tolstoyfoundation.org /reliefhist.html (258 words)

	Forums > Beating spain as russia
		Aug 31 2006, 03:06 AM I ain't played with russia in ages, but when I did against spain, Kalmucks were essential.
		They need to be scouting like crazy and they do ok vs. lancers till your kalmucks arive.
		I dunno about brits, since they are waay to different since patch and i never liked playing mirrors.
	www.fearclan.net /forums/lofiversion/index.php/t2357.html (1430 words)

	Find in a Library Customary law of the Mongol tribes (Mongols, Buriats, Kalmucks) part I-III.
		Find in a Library Customary law of the Mongol tribes (Mongols, Buriats, Kalmucks) part I-III.
		Customary law of the Mongol tribes (Mongols, Buriats, Kalmucks) part I-III.
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	www.worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/341e3df2d6ec057f.html (80 words)

	THE TODAS
		Perhaps such is the custom in your civilized England, where manners and education are said to be carried to a superlative elegance; but not so in poor, barbarous Russia, which a good portion of your countrymen are just now trying to strangle (if they can).
		In my country of Tartaric Cossacks and Kalmucks, a man who sets out to insult another does not usually hide himself behind a shield.
		I am sorry to have to say this much, but you have allowed me, without the least provocation and upon several occasions, to be unstintedly reviled by correspondents, and I am sure that you are too much of a man of honour to refuse me the benefit of an answer.
	www.blavatsky.net /blavatsky/arts/Todas.htm (1460 words)

	Alien Races, The Gypsies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Here they learned some of the lesser mysterious sciences and brought them to the surface of our earth.
		This is why the Olets and Kalmucks are artful sorcerers and prophets.
		Also from the eastern country some tribes of fl people penetrated to Agharti and lived there many centuries.
	www.bibliotecapleyades.net /vida_alien/alien_races02b.htm (474 words)

	FIDE World Championship 96 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Kalmucks (occidental Mongols) are Mongolian people living in Russia, Mongolia, or Chinese Xinjiang.
		The Kalmucks from the Western Volga side were integrated into the Russian Empire where they became sedentary.
		In 1920 the Soviet authority created an autonomous area, which subsequently became a self-governing Republic in 1935.
	www.uschess.org /results/tnmt/96fwc/fwcinfo2.html (228 words)

	Technicolor Dreamcoats: Central Asian Ikat Robes: Ethnic Diversity
		Both technical knowledge and social status were passed from father to son, and marriages were usually contracted within the same occupation class, assuring that selected crafts remained the specialty of certain ethnic groups.
		Other craftspeople included the Uzbeks, the dominant political group in Central Asia, and some hundred different groups of people with shared Islamic roots, of which the most important were the Kazakhs, Kirghiz, Karakalpaks, Turkmens, Persians, Arabs, Tartars and Kalmucks (3).
		When archeologists collected manuscripts in the regions between 1902 and 1914, some were written in no less than 17 languages and 24 different scripts, dramatically illustrating the region's diversity (4).
	dept.kent.edu /museum/exhibit/ikat/ethnic.html (489 words)

	Osprey Publishing - Foreign Volunteers of the Wehrmacht 1941—45
		This title examines the Wehrmacht’s foreign volunteers, taking a close look at their uniforms, organisation and distinctive insignia.
		Among those covered are the Legion Wallanie, LVF, Ostlegionen, Balkan volunteers, Hiwis, Kalmucks, Cossacks, Baltic, Russian and Ukranian volunteers.
		Sign up for a personalised Osprey newsletter to get information about new books in your favourite series or period.
	www.ospreypublishing.com /title_detail.php/title=Q5243~ser=ELI~per=2 (185 words)

	Nomads of the Steppe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Almost nothing is known about them, although their name suggests a connection of some sort with the Massagetai.
		The western branch of the Kalmuck people (see Dzungarian Kalmucks, Xinjiang), they migrated into the Volga Basin in the early 17th century, there serving for the most part as mercenaries in Czarist armies.
		In doing so however, their religion (Lamaist Buddhism) and tribal traditions came under increasing oppression, and at length (in 1771) 300,000 of them made an epic journey back to Xinjiang, pursued by Cossacks and harried by intervening Muslim Khanates all the way.
	www.hostkingdom.net /siberia.html (7937 words)

	The Pugachev Rebellion
		When you stand up for your fatherland, your Cossack glory will endure from henceforth for all time and so will that of your children.
		You, the Cossacks and Kalmucks and Tatars will be rewarded by me, the Sovereign Imperial Majesty Petr Fedorovich.
		As for those of you who have wronged me, the Sovereign Imperial Majesty Petr Fedorovich, I, the Sovereign Petr Fedorovich, forgive you all your wrongs and reward you with the river from source to mouth, and lands and meadows and money and powder and shot and supplies of grain.
	artsci.shu.edu /reesp/documents/pugachev.htm (774 words)

	Amazon.com: "Western Kalmucks": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		See all pages with references to Western Kalmucks.
		of Russian troops in the neighbourhood of the Western Kalmucks, though really having no reference to them or their plans, had been construed into certain signs that all was dis-...
		is, that some accidental movements on the 3d and 4th of January of Russian troops in the neighborhood of the Western Kalmucks, though really having no reference to them or their plans, had been construed into certain signs that all was discovered;...
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Western-Kalmucks (388 words)

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