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Topic: Kaluza-Klein

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Kaluza-Klein theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In 1926, Oskar Klein proposed that the fourth spatial dimension is curled up in a circle of very small radius, so that a particle moving a short distance along that axis would return to where it began. The theory was first published in 1921 and was discovered by the mathematician Theodor Kaluza who extended general relativity to a five-dimensional spacetime. A splitting of five-dimensional spacetime into the Einstein equations and Maxwell equations in four dimensions was first discovered by Gunnar Nordström in 1914, in the context of his theory of gravity, but subsequently forgotten. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kaluza-Klein_theory   (1538 words)

5D Chapter 1 Klein, of course, did extend Kaluza's theory and it would be hard to imagine that he wasn't in contact with Kaluza at some point to ask for Kaluza's help and opinion on the further development of the theory. Kaluza's theory also seems to have lain fairly dormant until Klein's first exposition of it appeared, thus it may be speculated that Klein was instrumental in popularizing the theory. Kaluza's constant "A" was chosen in such a way that it led to the correct mass difference between a proton and neutron, allowing these particles to be treated as different states of the same particle. members.aol.com /yggdras/paraphysics/5dchap1.htm   (12861 words)

Kaluza-Klein theory In the 1980s and 1990s, Kaluza-Klein theory experienced a big revival and can now be seen as a precursor of string theory. In 1919 the German mathematician Theodor Kaluza (1885-1954) pointed out that if general relativity theory is extended to a five-dimensional spacetime, the equations can be separated out into ordinary four-dimensional gravitation plus an extra set, which is equivalent to Maxwell's equations for the electromagnetic field, plus an extra field known as the dilaton. In 1926 the Swedish physicist Oskar Klein (1894-1977) proposed that the reason the extra spatial dimension goes unseen is that it is compact — curled up like a ball with a fantastically small radius. www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/K/Kaluza-Klein_theory.html   (236 words)

Kaluza-Klein Theory Over the past seventy years, scientists have had a difficulty correlating the Kaluza-Klein Theory to physical reality. n 1926, Oskar Klein applied Kaluza's Theory to quantum theory, which is used in modern string theory. Kaluza's Theory became the framework for Einstein's Theory on General Relativity. www.matter-antimatter.com /kaluza-klein_theory.htm   (269 words)

A Mechanism for Accelerated Radioactive Decay While Kaluza required that physical quantities of ordinary spacetime should have zero or vanishingly small derivatives with respect to the fifth coordinate, Klein wanted to replace this assumption by the requirement that physical quantities be periodic with respect to this coordinate. Kaluza was a contemporary of Albert Einstein, and in fact Kaluza’s paper on this subject was presented to the Prussian Scientific Academy in Berlin by Einstein himself. Klein, at the time he did his original work on this subject, was at the Niels Bohr Institute in Copenhagen as well as at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. www.creationresearch.org /crsq/articles/37/37_1/chaffin/acceldecay.html   (3642 words)

Viktor's Home Page: Kaluza-Klein theory I'm trying to reproduce Kaluza and Klein's result of obtaining the electromagnetic field by introducing a fifth dimension. Klein's contribution was with regards to the compactification of the fifth dimension. By the way, all this is, by and large, the Kaluza part of the theory. www.vttoth.com /kaluza.htm   (679 words)

Kaluza-Klein matter states and compact extra dimensions detection The physical structure of the 5-dimensional space-time proposed by the Kaluza-Klein unification is not anymore a mere theoretical assumption, and the criteria set the first step towards string and brane theory experimental verifications.  Oscar Klein, The atomicity of electricity as a quantum theory law, NATURE 118, 516 (1926). The classical and quantum motion of probes over the 5-dimensional space-time, predict the manifestation of quantised electric charges and the electron mass spectrum values corresponding to the experimental accuracy available in 4-dimensional space-time, electron states are a manifestation of the 5-dimensional geometry unifying gravity and electromagnetic forces. www.angelfire.com /nj/FTLphysics/kaluza/kaluzaXdim.html   (888 words)

Viktor's Home Page: Maxima and the Kaluza-Klein metric In 1919, Theodor Kaluza proposed an extension to general relativity: using an appropriately constructed fifth dimension, he was able to incorporate electromagnetism into Einstein's theory of gravity. Recently, I endeavored to replicate the most basic of Kaluza's results: the equation of motion for a particle in empty dive-dimensional space, as seen from a four-dimensional perspective. Source code, when considered to be sufficiently stable, will be provided through the open-source Maxima project at maxima.sourceforge.net. www.vttoth.com /max_kaluza.html   (1144 words)

Aditya Mittal In 1926, Oskar Klein applied Kaluza's Theory to quantum theory, which is the basis of modern string theory. Over the past eighty years, mathematicians and scientists have had a difficulty correlating the Kaluza-Klein Theory to the physical reality. In a sense, String Theory is the ultimate Kaluza-Klein theory. www.pilani.com /Members/Aditya/DimensionsInSuperstrings.htm   (1876 words)

Kaluza-Klein theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In physics, Kaluza-Klein theory (or KK theory, for short) is a model which sought to unify the two fundamental forces of gravitation and electromagnetism. The base space of Kaluza-Klein theory need not be four-dimensional space-time; it can be any (pseudo-)Riemannian manifold, or even a supersymmetric manifold or orbifold. The theory was first published in 1921 and was discovered by the mathematician Theodor Kaluza who extended general relativity to a five-dimensional spacetime. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kaluza-Klein_theory   (1503 words)

Kaluza, Klein, and the Grand Unified Theory - Science Articles :: Physics Post Oskar Klein, a Swedish mathematician, proposed a possible solution to the obvious flaw in Kaluza’s theory. The major importance of Klein’s postulate is that it is now possible for Kaluza’s theory to have real, physical meaning. Klein suggested that an extra dimension could exist in our universe, provided that it was curled up into a small enough space to escape ordinary detection. www.physicspost.com /articles.php?articleId=43&page=2   (1095 words)

Theory Encyclopedia Article, Information, History and Biography @ NaturalResearch.org In the humanities, theory is often used as an abbreviation for critical theory or literary theory, referring to continental philosophy's aesthetics or its attempts to understand the structure of society and to conceptualize alternatives. In various sciences, a theory is a logically self-consistent model or framework for describing the behavior of a certain natural or social phenomenon, thus either originating from or supported by experimental evidence (see scientific method). For a given body of theory to be considered part of established scientific knowledge, it is usually necessary for it to characterize a critical experiment, namely an experimental result not predicted by any existing established theory. www.naturalresearch.org /encyclopedia/Theory   (2814 words)

Kaluza and Klein Re: Kaluza and Klein -- sol 10/07/02 ( What could have been gained from Kaluza's work on uniting Maxwells world with Einsteins? The understandings, in terms of the tensors currently being discussed are extremely important, yet the innate sense of strings, explain for me the curvatures. superstringtheory.com /forum/extraboard/messages8/34.html   (522 words)

SUPERSTRINGS! Extra Dimensions Thus we have a Kaluza Klein tower of momentum states. This is actually a very old idea dating back to the 1920's and the work of Kaluza and Klein. In the original work of Kaluza it was shown that if we start with a theory of general relativity in 5-spacetime dimensions and then curl up one of the dimensions into a circle we end up with a 4-dimensional theory of general relativity plus electromagnetism! www.sukidog.com /jpierre/strings/extradim.htm   (888 words)

Does gravitational wave propagate in the five dimensional space-time with Kaluza-Klein monopole? (ResearchIndex) The fact that the odd parity gravitational wave does not propagate in the five dimensional spacetime with Kaluza-Klein monopole is found provided that the gravitational wave is constant in the fifth direction. PACS numbers: 03.40.Kf, 04.30.+x, 11.10.Kk Introduction Kaluza and Klein[1] showed an elegant way of unifying gravity and electromagnetism. citeseer.ist.psu.edu /abe94does.html   (199 words)

Talk:Kaluza-Klein theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Didn't kaluza and klein ultimatly fail to unify general relativity with electromagnetism?, as I recall Einstein spent the latter part of his life working on this theory and failed to complete an accurate theory Cpl.Luke 04:53, 12 July 2005 (UTC) This is how I understand Kaluza-Klein theory: General Relativity directly explains gravitational deflection of light, and describes but does not explain gravitational acceleration of matter. It is too abstract: in physics, Kaluza-Klein theory is normally derived in terms of components of the metric. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Kaluza-Klein_theory   (1207 words)

A Mechanism for Accelerated Radioactive Decay While Kaluza required that physical quantities of ordinary spacetime should have zero or vanishingly small derivatives with respect to the fifth coordinate, Klein wanted to replace this assumption by the requirement that physical quantities be periodic with respect to this coordinate. Kaluza-Klein theory, originally proposed in 1921 to 1926, has been described as a miraculous synthesis of Einstein’s gravitation theory with Maxwell& equations of electricity and magnetism. Kaluza was a contemporary of Albert Einstein, and in fact Kaluza’s paper on this subject was presented to the Prussian Scientific Academy in Berlin by Einstein himself. www.creationresearch.org /crsq/articles/37/37_1/chaffin/acceldecay.html   (3642 words)

M Theory Visionists - Kaluza Klein Theory Kaluza and Klein showed in the 1920's that the Maxwell's equations can be derived by extending general relativity into five dimensions. In 1926, Kaluza and the physicist Klein proposed that the fifth dimension is round and not large. It was discovered by the mathematician Theodor Kaluza that if general relativity is extended to a five-dimensional spacetime, the equations can be separated out into ordinary four-dimensional gravitation plus an extra set, which is equivalent to Maxwell's equations for the electromagnetic field, plus an extra scalar field known as the "dilaton". worldcrossing.com /WebX?14@@.1dde6908   (1859 words)

Re: Kaluza and Klein > > > >===================================================================== > >====== > > > > > >Kaluza and Klein showed in the 1920's that the Maxwell's equations > >can be derived by extending general relativity into five dimensions. Steven Steele ----- Original Message ----- From: "Tesla list" To: Sent: Thursday, March 31, 2005 4:08 PM Subject: Re: Kaluza and Klein On 31 Mar 2005, at 13:05, Tesla list wrote: > Original poster: Terry Fritz > > Hi, > > Kaluza and Kline's work is a little above me: [:-) But Einstein > spent a few years on it so I think it has not gone under reported... www.pupman.com /listarchives/2005/Mar/msg00853.html   (739 words)

Viktor's Home Page: Kaluza-Klein theory I'm trying to reproduce Kaluza and Klein's result of obtaining the electromagnetic field by introducing a fifth dimension. Klein's contribution was with regards to the compactification of the fifth dimension. My goal here, however, was simply to outline the approach and demonstrate through a simple case how it works, not to develop a comprehensive theory; that has been done by Kaluza over 80 years ago. www.vttoth.com /kaluza.htm   (679 words)

Kaluza-Klein theory In the 1980s and 1990s, Kaluza-Klein theory experienced a big revival and can now be seen as a precursor of string theory. In 1919 the German mathematician Theodor Kaluza (1885-1954) pointed out that if general relativity theory is extended to a five-dimensional spacetime, the equations can be separated out into ordinary four-dimensional gravitation plus an extra set, which is equivalent to Maxwell's equations for the electromagnetic field, plus an extra field known as the dilaton. Thus electromagnetism is explained as a manifestation of curvature in a fourth dimension of physical space, in the same way that gravitation is explained in Einstein's theory as a manifestation of curvature in the first three. www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/K/Kaluza-Klein_theory.html   (240 words)

Dilaton - TheBestLinks.com - Electromagnetic field, Graviton, Kaluza-Klein theory, M-theory, ... Although string theory naturally incorporates Kaluza-Klein theory, perturbative string theories, such as type I string theory, type II string theory and heterotic string theory, already contain the dilaton in the maximal number of 10 dimensions. Dilaton- TheBestLinks.com - Electromagnetic field, Graviton, Kaluza-Klein theory, M-theory,... Also in string theory, dilaton is a particle of a scalar field $\backslash phi$ that\; can\; be\; viewed\; as\; the\; trace\; of\; the\; graviton;\; a\; scalar\; field\; (following\; the$$Klein-Gordon equation) that always comes with gravity. www.thebestlinks.com /Dilaton.html   (285 words)

5D Chapter 1 Klein, of course, did extend Kaluza's theory and it would be hard to imagine that he wasn't in contact with Kaluza at some point to ask for Kaluza's help and opinion on the further development of the theory. Kaluza also seems to have worked alone, seems never to have published any other papers on his theory and, for all intents and purposes, seems to have ended his theoretical work on the five-dimensional concept with the publication of his paper. Klein's later work can then be characterized as outside of the main-line of theories. members.aol.com /yggdras/paraphysics/5dchap1.htm   (12861 words)

Harmonic expansion and dimensional reduction in G/H Kaluza-Klein theories You may like to search for "Kaluza" using our search facility. www.cassiopaea.org /quantum_future/berry.htm   (882 words)

Kaluza-Klein st. and QFT, abstract Quantum field theory and the geometric structure of Kaluza Klein space-time wwwitp.physik.tu-berlin.de /~keyl0433/abstracts/kkqft.html   (70 words)

Aditya Mittal In 1926, Oskar Klein applied Kaluza's Theory to quantum theory, which is the basis of modern string theory. In a sense, String Theory is the ultimate Kaluza-Klein theory. The Modern Kaluza-Klein Theory can be used to model galaxies. www.pilani.com /Members/Aditya/DimensionsInSuperstrings.htm   (1876 words)

Looking for extra dimensions In the original Kaluza-Klein theory from the 1920s, had five spacetime dimensions, but the extra space dimension was rolled up into a tiny circle, existing everywhere but too small to see with existing instruments. In superstring theory, Kaluza-Klein compactification has to be done on six space dimensions at once. This is a very important symmetry because it equates theories with very small extra dimensions to theories with very large extra dimensions. superstringtheory.com /experm/exper51.html   (989 words)

Kaluza, Klein, and the Grand Unified Theory - Science Articles :: Physics Post Kaluza discovered that when he introduced a fifth dimension into his calculations, he was able to describe both gravity and electromagnetism from the same underlying framework. Kaluza originally intended the fifth dimension as a mathematical trick to unify the theories rather than a real physical occurrence. Although the fifth dimension was a powerful unification tool, it was eclipsed by the newly developing field of Quantum Mechanics and fell into the shadows of theoretical physics for several years. www.physicspost.com /articles.php?articleId=43&page=3   (918 words)

Space-Time-Matter Correlations Oskar Klein Theory that applied Kaluza's Theory to quantum theory and has become the basis of modern string and super string theory. Details are contained in his book, Space-Time-Matter, Modern Kaluza-Klein Theory, the article by Overduin and Wesson, and numerous references on web site. Correlations Theodor Kaluza Theory that used the fifth dimension to unified Maxwell's Electromagnetism and Albert Einstein's Gravitation Theory www.matter-antimatter.com /space-time-matter.htm   (316 words)

table My research was primarily inspired by the classical version of the 5-dimensional Einstein General Relativity Theory (the Kaluza-Klein Theory). I have then constructed a non-trivial perturbative solution of the generalized theory, which was found to be exact. First, I have constructed by a systematic study all the 4-stationary solutions of the ``special" theory, some of which were interpreted as neutral or charged distributional cosmic string sources. www.emu.edu.tr /~physics/azreg.htm   (353 words)

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