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Topic: KamLAND

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	Kamioka Liquid Scintillator Antineutrino Detector - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The experiment is situated in the old Kamiokande cavity in a horizontal mine drift in the Japanese Alps.
		KamLAND is at a flux weighted average distance of ~180 km from the reactors which makes the experiment sensitive to the neutrino mixing associated with the large mixing angle (LMA) solution to the solar neutrino problem.
		KamLAND consists of an 18 m diameter stainless steel spherical vessel with 1879 photomultiplier tubes mounted on the inner surface.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/KamLAND (703 words)

	KamLAND @ LBL
		KamLAND has searched for these geoneutrinos and, assuming a Th/U mass concentration ratio of 3.9, finds that the 90% C.L. for the total number of detected geoneutrinos is 4.5 to 54.2.
		While the present data has limited statistical power, it nevertheless provides an upper limit of 60TW for the radiogenic power of U and Th in the Earth, a quantity that is currently poorly constrained.
		KamLAND's size and location between 100 and 200km from the reactors made it extremely sensitive to the effect and lead to the compelling detection shown in the above figure.
	kamland.lbl.gov (314 words)

	Vanishing anti-neutrinos at KamLAND support case for neutrino mass : 01/03
		KamLAND consists of a weather balloon, 13 meters (43 feet) in diameter, that is filled with about a kiloton of liquid scintillator, a chemical soup that emits flashes of light when an incoming anti-neutrino collides with a proton.
		KamLAND is the first experiment to observe the properties responsible for solar neutrino flavor changes from a terrestrial source, the reactors in Japan's nuclear power plants.
		The KamLAND scientists report that over a period of 145 days of operation, they recorded 54 electron anti-neutrino events in the energy range of 1 to 10 million electron volts, as opposed to the approximately 86 events predicted by the Standard Model under the assumption that no oscillations occur.
	news-service.stanford.edu /news/2003/january8/kamland-18.html (1052 words)

	Disappearing Neutrinos at KamLAND Support the Case for Neutrino Mass
		The KamLAND neutrino experiments are being conducted by an international collaboration largely comprised of scientists from Japan and the United States.
		KamLAND is the first experiment to observe the neutrino properties responsible for solar neutrino flavor changes from a terrestrial source, the reactors in Japan's nuclear power plants.
		Based on analysis of the events and the energies at which they occurred, the collaboration concluded that the likely explanation is anti-neutrinos oscillated on their way from the reactors which caused some of them to change from electron to muon and tau anti-neutrinos.
	www.lbl.gov /Science-Articles/Archive/NSD-KamLAND-Freedman.html (1508 words)

	CERN Courier - KamLAND: neutrinos from heav - IOP Publishing - article
		KamLAND will, for the first time, also be able to detect antineutrinos from uranium and thorium beta decays inside the Earth.
		Simulations show that the the KamLAND background will be dominated by the internal radioactivity of the scintillator, and by the radon produced mainly in the photomultiplier glass and carried to the centre of the detector by convection.
		KamLAND's schedule foresees the exploration of neutrino physics, geophysics and astrophysics from the beginning of 2001.
	www.cerncourier.com /main/article/39/3/13 (1175 words)

	American and Japanese scientists to collaborate on 'applied neutrino research': 11/01
		One of the leaders of the KamLAND project is Giorgio Gratta, an associate professor of physics at Stanford, who spoke about the project Nov. 7 at the New Horizons in Science Briefing, a workshop in Tempe, Ariz., organized by the Council for the Advancement of Science Writing.
		Once KamLAND is up and running, researchers expect to see about 2 reactor neutrinos a day, so it may take as long as three years before they have collected enough data to tell whether neutrinos are oscillating, says Gratta.
		KamLAND will be one of the first detectors that can detect neutrinos produced by radioactive minerals in the earth, which are thought to account for as much as 40 percent of the earth's internal heat.
	news-service.stanford.edu /news/2001/november14/gratta-1114.html (1475 words)

	Research News: New Results From Anti-Neutrino Studies at KamLAND
		For example, in the case of the KamLAND experiments, there was a deficit in the number of electron anti-neutrinos being detected, versus the number of anti-neutrinos known to be produced in the nearby reactors.
		That this anti-neutrino deficit matched the deficits being reported from the solar neutrino experiments was taken as evidence that neutrino oscillation was the mechanism behind their disappearance.
		Now, with nearly two years of analyzed data in hand, the KamLAND collaboration of researchers is announcing that, for the first time, they are seeing a statistically significant “distortion of the anti-neutrino energy spectrum” that is consistent with neutrino oscillation.
	www.lbl.gov /Science-Articles/Archive/NSD-Kamland-results.html (904 words)

	CERN Courier - KamLAND experiment discovers - IOP Publishing - article
		The first results from six months of data-taking by the KamLAND experiment in Japan indicate that electron antineutrinos from distant nuclear reactors are "disappearing" on their way to the detector.
		KamLAND, which consists primarily of a 13 m diameter "balloon" filled with liquid scintillator viewed by more than 1800 photomultiplier tubes, is located on Japan's main island of Honshu, near the city of Toyama (CERN Courier April 1999 p22).
		KamLAND detects electron antineutrinos through the inverse beta-decay process, in which an electron antineutrino interacts with a proton to create a positron and a neutron.
	www.cerncourier.com /main/article/43/2/5 (392 words)

	KamLAND
		KamLAND stands to be the first experiment to find indisputable evidence for neutrino mass using a terrestrial source of anti-neutrinos -- Japanese nuclear reactors.
		The detector is situated in the same cavern used by the original Kamiokande experiment, where 2002 Nobel laureate Masatoshi Koshiba performed much of his ground-breaking research in neutrino physics.
		The KamLAND estimation of the radiogenic heat produced inside the Earth agrees with the current Earth models.
	kamland.stanford.edu (395 words)

	RedOrbit - Science - First Measurement of Geoneutrinos at KamLAND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		KamLAND’s geoneutrino experiment was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science, and the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.
		Geoneutrinos can be detected and measured at KamLAND via a distinctive reaction signature after the subtraction of anti-neutrinos captured from nearby reactors and in background events from alpha particles.
		“KamLAND is the first detector sensitive enough to measure geoneutrinos produced in the earth from the decay of uranium- 238 and thorium- 232,” said Freedman.
	www.redorbit.com /news/display?id=189884&source=r_science (1080 words)

	Neutrinos Open Window Into Earth’s Interior
		Spokesperson for the research team, Stuart Freedman, said that geoneutrinos can be detected and measured at KamLAND via a distinctive reaction signature after the subtraction of anti-neutrinos captured from nearby reactors and in background events from alpha particles.
		"KamLAND is the first detector sensitive enough to measure geoneutrinos produced in the earth from the decay of uranium- 238 and thorium- 232.
		The KamLAND detectors appear to be able to accurately measure the radioactivity of uranium and thorium isotopes, the two main sources of terrestrial radiation.
	www.scienceagogo.com /news/20050628223731data_trunc_sys.shtml (915 words)

	NERSC Annual Report 2002: The Nersc Center: Getting the Physics out of KamLAND Data
		KamLAND consists of a weather balloon 13 meters (43 feet) in diameter, filled with about a kiloton of liquid scintillator, a chemical soup that emits flashes of light when an incoming anti-neutrino (generated by nuclear reactors in Japan and Korea) collides with a proton.
		With some quick negotiations, the KamLAND group was able to use PDSF to analyze their data (as SNO had done before them), sometimes using the full 400-processor cluster.
		The KamLAND team was impressed by and grateful for the PDSF staff’s efforts to make everything run as smoothly as possible for them.
	www.nersc.gov /news/annual_reports/annrep02/62-kamland.html (738 words)

	KamLAND at UH
		The KamLAND collaboration has for the first time measured the disappearance of neutrinos travelling to a detector from a power reactor on earth.
		For nearly fifty years, since neutrinos were discovered, scientists have been looking for anomalies in the propagation of these electron anti-neutrinos, and as shown in the plot to the left, no evidence has been found before for any discrepancy.
		Now the KamLAND group has found strong evidence for the apparent disappearance of the neutrinos during their flight over distances of about 180 kilometers.
	www.phys.hawaii.edu /~jgl/kamland_news.html (269 words)

	First measurement of geoneutrinos at KamLAND
		Results from KamLAND, an underground neutrino detector in central Japan, show that anti-electron neutrinos emanating from the earth, so-called geoneutrinos, can be used as a unique window into the interior of our planet, revealing information that is hidden from other probes.
		In a paper presented in the July 28, 2005 issue of the journal Nature, an international collaboration of 87 authors from 14 institutions spread across four nations has demonstrated the ability of the KamLAND detectors to accurately measure the radioactivity of the uranium and thorium isotopes, the two main sources of terrestrial radiation.
		"KamLAND is the first detector sensitive enough to measure geoneutrinos produced in the earth from the decay of uranium-238 and thorium-232," said Freedman.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2005-07/dbnl-fmo072805.php (1034 words)

	NERSC Helps Get the Physics out of KamLAND Data
		If the same oscillations could be shown for neutrinos from terrestrial sources-or anti-neutrinos, since anti-matter is the mirror image of matter-the doubts would be dispelled.
		These light flashes are detected by a surrounding array of 1,879 photomultiplier light sensors which convert the flashes into electronic signals that are collected for analysis on computers (see figure).
		The results were presented at the International Workshop on Neutrinos and Subterranean Science in Washington, DC, September 19-21, 2002, and the 16th International Conference on Particles and Nuclei in Osaka, Japan, September 30-October 4, 2002.
	www.nersc.gov /news/newsroom/kamland012703.php (751 words)

	Geoneutrinos make their debut (July 2005) - News - PhysicsWeb
		It identifies antineutrinos by counting the number of telltale flashes of light that are produced when antineutrinos occasionally collide with protons in the liquid to produce a positron and a neutron.
		The amount of light produced by the positron allows the energy of the neutrino to be determined, which enables the KamLAND team to distinguish between neutrinos from the decay of uranium and thorium and background neutrinos.
		The KamLAND results have already been used to place an upper limit on the heat generated by uranium and thorium inside the Earth.
	www.physicsweb.org /articles/news/9/7/16/1 (391 words)

	News Release: Disappearing Neutrinos Support the Case for Neutrino Mass
		Results from six months of experiments at KamLAND, an underground neutrino detector in central Japan, show that anti-neutrinos emanating from nearby nuclear reactors are "disappearing," which indicates they have mass and can oscillate or change from one type to another.
		The anti-neutrino events recorded at KamLAND for this study stem from electron anti-neutrinos originating at 51 nuclear reactors in Japan and 18 reactors in South Korea.
		Based on analysis of the events and the energies at which they occurred, the researchers concluded that the anti-neutrinos oscillated on their way from the reactors which caused some of them to change from electron to muon and tau anti-neutrinos.
	www.ncsu.edu /news/press_releases/02_12/322.htm (784 words)

	UA Professors Involved in Disappearing Neutrino Reasearch
		Results from the first year of experiments at KamLAND, an underground neutrino detector in central Japan, show that anti-neutrinos emanating from nearby nuclear reactors are "disappearing," which indicates they have mass and can oscillate or change from one type to another.
		Neutrinos are subatomic particles that interact so rarely with other matter that one could pass untouched through a wall of lead stretching from the earth to the moon.
		Neutrino research at KamLAND is helping unlock secrets about the fundamental nature of matter, how the sun works, the composition and evolution of the Earth, the process of star collapse and the origin and future of the universe.
	research.ua.edu /archive2003/neutrino.html (281 words)

	KamLAND at UH
		KamLAND at UH KamLAND at the University of Hawai`i
		KamLAND has observed neutrino oscillations with electron anti-neutrinos, in the large angle MSW range consistent with solar neutrino experiments, in widely cited papers reported in Fall 2002, and later with observation of spectral distortions in 2004.
		KamLAND has reported the first measurements of total earth radioactivity in 2005, has searched for an earth centered georeactor (UH PhD dissertation of Jelena Maricic 6/2005), will search for other rare processes, and later make measurements of solar neutrinos.
	www.phys.hawaii.edu /~jgl/kamland.html (178 words)

	ScienceDaily: Disappearing Neutrinos At KamLAND Support The Case For Neutrino Mass
		Results from the first six months of experiments at KamLAND, an underground neutrino detector in central Japan, show that anti-neutrinos emanating from nearby nuclear reactors are "disappearing," which indicates they have mass and can oscillate or change from one type to another.
		The photomultipliers are attached to the inner surface of an 18 meters in diameter stainless steel sphere and separated from the weather balloon by a buffering bath of inert oil and water which helps suppress interference from background radiation.
		First Measurement Of Geoneutrinos At KamLAND (August 2, 2005) -- Results from KamLAND, an underground neutrino detector in central Japan, show that anti-electron neutrinos emanating from the earth, so-called geoneutrinos, can be used as a unique window into the...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2002/12/021209070756.htm (2716 words)

	KamLAND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		KamLAND (the Kamioka Liquid scintillator AntiNeutrino Detector) has recently reported observation of the disappearance of antineutrinos from distant nuclear power reactors in Japan.
		The KamLAND measurement is inconsistent with all solutions to the solar neutrino problem except the “Large Mixing Angle” solution (assuming CPT invariance).
		In addition to future improvements in the precision of the reactor measurements, the KamLAND experiment will also provide measurements of geoneutrinos from the earth, can potentially observe neutrinos from supernovae and perhaps even the sun.
	www.pma.caltech.edu /~physcoll/abstracts/03-04/McKeown03.html (122 words)

	Measurement of Neutrino Oscillation with KamLAND: Evidence of Spectral Distortion
		Measurement of Neutrino Oscillation with KamLAND: Evidence of Spectral Distortion - v3
		Result of a combined two-neutrino oscillation analysis of KamLAND and the observed solar neutrino fluxes under the assumption of CPT invariance.
		Allowed regions of neutrino oscillation parameters from KamLAND anti-neutrino data (shaded regions) and solar neutrino experiments (lines) [nucl-ex/0309004].
	www.nu.to.infn.it /Reactor_Neutrinos/fig/KamLAND-hep-ex-0406035 (355 words)

	Jahrbuch-CD der MPG 2003 - KamLAND, terrestrial heat sourc
		We comment on the first indication of geo-neutrino events from KamLAND and on the prospects for understanding Earth energetics.
		Practically all models of terrestrial heat production are consistent with data within the presently limited statistics, the fully radiogenic model being closer to the observed value (approximate9 geo-events).
		In a few years KamLAND should collect sufficient data for a clear evidence of geo-neutrinos, however discrimination among models requires a detector with the class and size of KamLAND far away from nuclear reactors.
	www.mpg.de /forschungsergebnisse/wissVeroeffentlichungen/archivListenJahrbuch/2003/37/publZIM67.html (155 words)

	KamLAND Outer Detector Meeting Minutes
		March 16 -- KamLAND meeting notes --------------------------------- Present: Diane, Ryan, Jason, Neal, Hoe and Michael Discussion of shrink-wrap and sealants - Neal has obtained a sample piece of shrink-wrap tubing from Raychem which has a large diameter and a shrink-ratio of 4-to-1.
		March 30 -- KamLAND meeting notes --------------------------------- Present: Hugon, Diane, Ryan, Jason, Neal, Michael and Hoe Discussion of ordered cable - SBC makes their water-blocked (or flooded) cable using an epoxy which dries between the jacket and the braid.
		April 15 -- KamLAND meeting notes --------------------------------- Present: Werner, Ludwig, Kengo, Diane, Jason, Neal and Michael Pressure test of splicing techinque - During Friday's (April 14) meeting with Neal, Kengo was convinced that our design for splicing the cable (using RTV-treated connection ends along with the modified Tee connector encased in heat-shrink).
	www.tunl.duke.edu /~electrow/Meeting/meeting.shtml (9096 words)

	Science News
		After 145 days of observations at KamLAND, the experimenters report detecting only 63 percent of the electron antineutrinos that they had expected from calculations based on the reactors' output.
		The data indicate that oscillations are "a property of neutrinos and not of the sun," he says.
		Additional information about KamLAND can be found at http://kamland.stanford.edu/ and http://kamland.lbl.gov/.
	www.phschool.com /science/science_news/articles/identity_check.html (640 words)

	[No title]
		In 2003, the first KamLAND paper reported the disappearance of antineutrinos produced in nuclear reactors.
		Researchers at KamLAND have used the same method to measure antineutrinos produced inside the Earth when uranium and thorium isotopes decay naturally.
		Thus far, KamLAND estimates that the heat produced inside the Earth is in line with current predictive models.
	www.phys.utk.edu /news/2005/news_07282005_kamland.html (390 words)

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