| | IJNL Vol 5 Iss 1: The Kamehameha Schools Admissions Policy Controversy |
 | | The Kamehamehas and their successors, the Kalakauas, reigned until the Hawaiian monarchy was overthrown in 1893 by a group of American haole (outsiders; white people), who formed a provisional government and then a short-lived republic, with the intention of seeking annexation by the United States. |
 | | The Hawaiians’ family and community structures were forced into severe disarray, and Hawaiians were increasingly and irreversibly dispossessed of their traditional occupancy of land: most of the land received by commoners from their government in a one-time land-grant program in mid-19th century ended up by the time of the overthrow in the hands of haole. |
 | | According to the Kamehameha Schools T.A.M., the IRS relied upon the 9th Circuit decision in Rice vs. Cayetano, which has since been reversed by the U.S. Supreme Court at 520 U.S. (2000) (Kamehameha Schools “should consider requesting a private letter ruling on whether the [then-pending U.S. Supreme Court] decision [in Rice v. |
| www.icnl.org /journal/vol5iss1/ar_roth1.htm (990 words) |