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Topic: Kanawha Canal

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	The International Canal Monuments List - Part I
		Historic canal lines (largely confined to the line of the waterway itself) where the surrounding cultural landscape is not necessarily largely, or wholly, a creation of canal transport.
		Canals needed to be able to rise out of one river valley and into the next (the Ling Chu left one river on the level and did not rise to a "summit level") in order to create networks able to facilitate the bulk carriage of cargoes across considerable distances.
		As well as adapting to canal construction in an almost virgin wilderness, this was one of the first canals built for the new technology of the steam-powered boat, which could carry passengers and goods with greater speed, regularity, and comfort than any sailing or towed vessel and which could enormously increase barge tonnages.
	www.icomos.org /studies/canals1.htm (3238 words)

	The International Canal Monuments List - Part IIb - Individual Structures
		Canal dams are of more significance when considered as part of an overall canal scheme than as isolated structures significant in the history of technology.
		The Kanawha Canal's Unfinished Division from Eagle Rock to Buchanan in Virginia was begun in 1851 and abandoned in 1856, leaving locks, culverts, aqueducts, and tunnels in an incomplete state.
		The canal from Willebroek and the sea was opened in the 16th century, and extended beyond Brussels to Charleroi in 1827-32, with a widening carried out in the early 20th century.
	www.icomos.org /studies/canals2b.htm (7623 words)

	James River and Kanawha Canal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The James River and Kanawha Canal was a canal in Virginia, which was built to facilitate shipments of passengers and freight by water between the western reaches of the James River and the eastern reaches of the Kanawha River.
		The canal eventually extended 196.5 miles west of Richmond to Buchanan by 1851.
		Richmond's Canal Walk extends for a mile and a quarter parallel to the old Haxall and James River and Kanawha canals.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/James_River_and_Kanawha_Canal (1146 words)

	Batteau Festival
		Between the development of the James River bateau in the late eighteenth century and the completion of the main line of the James River and Kanawha Canal in 1840, the bateau was the main freight carrier on most of the navigable upland Virginia rivers.
		Canal boats relied on cheaper and more efficient horsepower and were not at the mercy of currents and rocks.
		As members of the Virginia Canal and Navigation Society and other local historians realized that important historical resources were in danger of being destroyed, they quickly attempted to negotiate with CSX Corporation and the contractors to obtain permission to maintain a watch in the excavation pit as the earthmovers turned the dirt.
	www.batteaufestival.com /river/tobacco2.asp (3202 words)

	Canal was carved with slave labor / Waterway's construction was a demanding task
		Richmond has re-created a portion of the canal and is heralding it as a fount for urban revival.
		Eventually the canal boom, which sparked an outpouring of capital and man-power from New York to New Orleans through the mid-1800s, was humbled by a newer form of technology: railroads.
		According to a history of the James River and Kanawha Co. published in 1922 by Wayland Fuller Dunaway of Columbia University, the economics of leasing slaves for canal work shows how strong the inducement was for slave owners.
	www.vcu.edu /engweb/Rivertime/canal0926.htm (1291 words)

	Canals of Virginia
		I am not unaware of the great importance of roads and canals and the improved navigation of water courses, and that a power in the National Legislature to provide for them might be exercised with signal advantage to the general prosperity.
		However, in Pennsylvania the Schuylkill and Susquehanna Canal bypassed the Great Falls on the lower Susquehanna River in 1797, and in 1803 the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal was started to connect Philadelphia with the northern end of the Chesapeake Bay.
		In New York, the Erie Canal connected the Hudson River valley with the Great Lakes in 1825, and by 1840 New York was the preeminent state in population and economic power.
	www.virginiaplaces.org /transportation/canals.html (1500 words)

	Bellows Falls--Canal Historic Marker
		The James River Canal is claimed as the "first canal system in the nation" on the City of Richmond, Virginia website and the "first operating canal system with locks in the U.S." by the James River Batteau Festival (in 2002).
		It was also known as the James River and Kanawha Canal, with the hope of connecting to the Kanawha River on the west side of the Alleghenies and then to the Ohio River.
		The better Chesapeake and Ohio Canal was first opened in 1831, paralleling the Potomac River and completely avoiding the river (and the old canals) and thus avoiding problems of low water from drought and high water from flood.
	www.sover.net /~daxtell/bf/bfcanal2.html (1406 words)

	Canals
		Susquehanna Canal, and a Delaware and Schuylkill Canal.
		Erie Canal and the Miami and Erie Canal.
		Seneca and Cauga lakes to the Erie Canal.
	home.eznet.net /~dminor/Canals.html (7512 words)

	World Canals 1840=1849
		The Richmond-to-Lynchburg section of Virginia's James River and Kanawha Canal is inaugurated by the William Henry Harrison.
		The Alexandria Canal, running between Georgetown, District of Columbia, and Rosslyn, Virginia, is completed with the construction of a 1000-foot aqueduct across the Potomac River.
		The Erie Canal is the largest employer in New York State, with a work force of over 25,000 men and boys.
	www.home.eznet.net /~dminor/Canal1840.html (1439 words)

	Historic Richmond Foundation \| Historic Areas: The Canal
		The canal was originally constructed to bypass the James River rapids.
		In 1835, the James River and Kanawha Canal Company was formed with the plan to connect the James River to the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers.
		The Canal area is used for many public festivities, concerts and after-hours events.
	www.historicrichmond.com /canal.html (324 words)

	10. The Canal to the West
		The projected canal appealed to the westering vision by offering a stronger political and economic union with the west and a foothold on possibilities for America to fulfill its "manifest destiny" of stretching to the Pacific.
		By 1840, the canal, at a safe remove from most of the river and now accommodating the mule-pulled packet boats, had been completed to Lynchburg, and in 1851 all 197 miles of canal (with 37 miles of slackwater river) were completed to Buchanan.
		The canal, forty to fifty feet wide and five feet deep, had proved to be a massive venture, requiring 90 locks lifting 728 feet, 23 feeder dams, 12 aqueducts, 198 culverts, and 135 bridges.
	www.vcu.edu /engweb/Rivertime/chp10.htm (2477 words)

	James Center Currents - Public Art
		The river was the primary mode of transportation for manufactured goods and produce in the 18th and 19th century, and Richmond's position at the falls made the city into the major market for the entire area.
		The Canal, which was to route James River traffic around the falls, was first envisioned by George Washington as a means to channel vigorous economic activity into the heart of Richmond.
		Perhaps the most unusual art in the James Center is on the walls behind the elevators which rise from the parking decks to the James Center Atrium.
	www.thejamescenter.com /art.html (1362 words)

	James Center Currents - History
		Situated on the falls of the James, the area of the James Center was associated with the early canal of the James River Company (which was established at the prompting of George Washington) and the later James River and Kanawha Canal systems, providing a series of canal locks to enable barges to bypass the rapids.
		Most of what is now the James Center was occupied by the Great Turning Basin of the James River and Kanawha Canal.
		The Canal and Basin were the transportation focus of the city, and clustered near the edge of these features were tobacco warehouses, flour mills and iron works.
	www.thejamescenter.com /history.html (719 words)

	canals
		Canals lowered transportation costs, carried a vast grain trade from western farms to eastern ports, and delivered Pennsylvania coal to New Jersey and New York.
		It was the first operating canal system with locks in the United States and a vital commercial link needed to bind the Ohio and Mississippi valleys with the United States, instead of with France or Spain.
		The canal had been extended about seven and a half miles along the northern bank of the river in the James River Gorge through the Blue Ridge Mountains, just west of Lynchburg.
	oook.info /technol/canals.html (1406 words)

	Greeley and Hansen- Environmental Engineers
		The Canal Walk sits along the Haxall Canal and the James River and Kanawha Canal, and features a park, an outdoor museum, and murals and monuments depicting the city's history.
		The canal project took root in 1991, when the Richmond Department of Public Utilities began planning CSO project No. 3, a component of the city's CSO control plan.
		The CSO, canal restoration and water withdrawal from the James River required permits from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Virginia Marine Resource Commission and Virginia Department of Environmental Quality.
	www.greeley-hansen.com /project9.htm (920 words)

	Welcome Visitor and Newcomer
		Canal boats, which are reminiscent of canal boat freighters from the 1800's, hold up to 38 passengers and are wheel chair accessible.
		Please call Richmond Canal Cruises at (804) 649-2800 for details on reserving a 1-hour private charter aboard a canal boat for up to 38 passengers on one of canal boats.
		Restoration of the Haxall and Kanawha Canals and construction of the Canal Walk provide opportunities for waterfront strolling, canal boat rides and venues for outdoor concerts and special events.
	www.ci.richmond.va.us /visitor/landmarks.aspx (1065 words)

	It's All Behind Us
		Washington had identified the Potomac and James rivers as the most promising locations for canals to be built to connect with the western rivers by 1772.
		However, with the damage done to the canal system and increasing funtionality and spread of the railroad, rendered the canal obsolete shortly after the war had ended.
		By the time the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway was built through to the Ohio River in 1873, the doom of the canal was clear and it was sold to the Richmond and Allegheny Railroad company, which built tracks along the towpaths.
	itsallbehindus.blogspot.com (2677 words)

	Batteau Festival
		Eight years later the canal was completed to Lynchburg in the fall of 1840.
		Revenues from tolls on the canals in 1860 would substantially decrease because of the immense competition from the railroad.
		In the end, the canal was purchased by the railroad (now CSX Corporation) which laid its track on the towpath.
	www.batteaufestival.com /river/hist11.asp (644 words)

	Virginia
		The canal boat project has been quite a success, thanks to the co-operation of the City of Richmond, the Engineering firm of Greeley and Hansen, the archeological firm of Gray and Pape, the people at Maymont Park, the Richmond Riverfront Development Cooperation, and many volunteers who have provided help and equipment.
		The city's canal system was developed beginning in 1785 as one link in a plan to transport goods and people by water between the Atlantic Ocean and the Ohio River.
		Despite the initial reluctance of Virginia's General Assembly to finance George Washington's dream of a canal linking the Atlantic Ocean with the Ohio River, the James River and Kanawha Canal was eventually built as far west as Buchanan (near the modern-day Interstate 81 south of Natural Bridge) before the railroad era rendered it obsolete.
	organizations.rockbridge.net /canal/News.htm (934 words)

	James River and Kanawha Turnpike - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The James River and Kanawha Turnpike was built to facilitate portage of shipments of passengers and freight by water between the western reaches of the James River via the James River and Kanawha Canal and the eastern reaches of the Kanawha River.
		Originally proposed by a young George Washington in his surveyor days prior to the American Revolution, the canal and turnpike combination was seen as the key for Virginia to compete with northern states for rich trade to the west.
		However, the canal portion was an expensive project which failed several times financially, was frequently damaged by floods, and was never fully completed, although sections served for many years.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/James_River_and_Kanawha_Turnpike (302 words)

	Blue Ridge Parkway: James River
		Although originally planned to provide a navigable waterway from Great Falls at Richmond to the Ohio River, the James River and Kanawha Canal was destined to extend no further west than Buchanan.
		It has an exhibit on the James River and Kanawha Canal as well as background on the actual restoration of the lock.
		James River and Kanawha Canal lock - Lock No. 7 was a ruin for nearly 100 years before it was reconstructed by the National Park Service in 1963 with the help of old photos and letters.
	www.nps.gov /blri/j_river.htm (472 words)

	Chesapeake and Ohio Historical Society - History of the C&O
		The Chesapeake & Ohio Railway traces its origin to the Louisa Railroad of Louisa County, Virginia, begun in 1836, and the James River & Kanawha Canal Company, also begun in Virginia in 1785.
		During 1869-1873 the hard work of building through West Virginia was done with large crews working from the new city of Huntington on the Ohio River and White Sulphur (much as the UP and CP had done in the transcontinental work), and the line was closed at Hawks Nest, W. Va. on January 28, 1873.
		Eventually Anti-trust laws forced C&O to abandon its K&M interests, but it was allowed to retain the Hocking valley, which operated about 350 miles in Ohio, including a direct line from Columbus to the port of Toledo, and numerous branches southeast of Columbus in the Hocking Coal Fields.
	www.cohs.org /history/history.htm (2090 words)

	Official Ticketmaster site. Kanawha Plaza Richmond, VA tickets . Directions, seating chart, events.
		Kanawha Plaza is located at 8th and Canal Streets.
		Kanawha Plaza is located at the intersection of
		Will Call is located at Kanawha Plaza 8th and Canal Streets and will open at 6:15pm on night of event.
	www.ticketmaster.com /venue/8892 (317 words)

	The Richmond Riverfront - Canal Walk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Open 24 hours per day, 365 days per year, the Canal Walk (Brown's Island itself is open sunrise to sunset except in the case of a special event) may be accessed by traveling South (toward the River) on 5th, 7th, Virginia, 14th, 15th, and 17th Streets.
		Please come and enjoy the Richmond Civil War Visitor Center, 23 History Medallions throughout the Canal Walk, new outdoor exhibits, Canal Cruises, and the scenic James River.
		Richmond's Canal Walk is wheelchair accessible at the end of 5th Street, 12th Street, 14th Street and 17th Street.
	www.richmondriverfront.com /canalwalk.shtml (154 words)

	James River Reeling & Rafting - Local Attractions
		One of these three, the southernmost, “led up the James, down the New and Kanawha Rivers and so on into the Ohio, the spot on the James River that lay at the hub of the wheel of exploration, commercial development, and cultural expansion, was a pleasant patch of land at Horseshoe Bend.
		The James River-Kanawha Canal project was in the 1830’s and ‘40’s, a time of rapid growth for Scottsville.
		Now the Kanawha Canal is the site of Scottsville’s A. Ramon Thacker Levy, protecting the precious town from the mighty flood waters of the James River.
	www.reelingandrafting.com /history.htm (491 words)

	CANAL PARKS IN VIRGNIA
		ALEXANDRIA CANAL TIDE LOCK PARK, at Canal Center between 1st and Montgomery Streets on the Alexandria waterfront.
		EAGLE ROCK LOCK PARK and plaque at westernmost lock on the James River and Kanawha Canal, ata Eagle Rock, Botetourt County.
		AMORY CANAL, and guard lock along the Potomac in Harper's Ferry National Historical Park.
	organizations.rockbridge.net /canal/canalparks.htm (721 words)

	Ante-Bellum Photos/Illustrations
		Assistant to Thomas Jefferson in founding of University of Virginia and leader of the movement to construct the James River and Kanawha Canal.
		The canal, intended to connect eastern and western Virginia, was completed to Buchanan, Virginia, but never extended into present-day West Virginia.
		View of the salt works on the Kanawha River at Kanawha Salines, 1843, from a sketch by Henry Howe (reproduced from the Collections of the Library of Congress)
	www.wvculture.org /history/abphot.html (317 words)

	The Richmond Riverfront
		Winding through the developed area you'll see the renovated and rebuilt James River and Kanawha Canal and Haxall Canal, which include a major Turning Basin and close by restaurants, hotels, shops and offices.
		Originally envisioned by George Washington as a link to the West, the Canals and the James River trace four centuries of Richmond's history.
		Richmond has now restored its Canals along with a pedestrian path, both of which skirt the beautiful James River.
	www.richmondriverfront.com (143 words)

	The First Grand Division of the James River and Kanawha Canal
		The First Grand Division of the James River and Kanawha Canal
		The First Grand Division of the James River and Kanawha Canal
		1868 Report of the James River and Kanawha Company
	avenue.org /cbs/id45.htm (64 words)

	La DIFFERENCE- an excellent source for contemporary furniture in Richmond Virginia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Stroll along the 1.25 mile scenic Canal Walk along the banks of the Haxall Canal, the James River and Kanawha Canal.
		You can also take a leisurely and informative 35-minute narrated tour of the James River and Kanawha Canal in a replica canal boat.
		Tours depart on the hour from the Canal Turning Basin directly across the street from LaDIFF.
	www.ladiff.com /ric_todo.htm (905 words)

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