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Topic: Kanem Empire

	Kanem-Bornu Empire
		The original empire was called Kanem and grew out of a coalition of chiefdoms near Lake Chad, located on the trade routes that linked sub-Saharan Africa with the Middle East.
		The empire finally collapsed in the 1840s, it had been challenged by the growing anti-Muslim power of the Hausa states (see Usman dan Fodio) for many years (the Kanem capital had been destroyed in 1808) and the arrival of the colonial powers was the final blow.
		The empire was absorbed into the the Wadai kingdom in 1846.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ka/Kanem-Bornu_Empire.html (521 words)

	Kanem-Bornu Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Kanem-Bornu Empire existed in modern Chad, and was first established as the Kanem Empire in the 9th century AD and lasted, in a changed form, until 1893.
		The Kanem Empire originated in the 9th century AD to the northeast of Lake Chad, located on the trans-Saharan trade routes that linked sub-Saharan Africa with the Middle East.
		Even though the Kanembu were becoming more sedentary, Kanem's rulers continued to travel frequently throughout the kingdom to remind the herders and farmers of the government's power and to allow them to demonstrate their allegiance by paying tribute.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kanem-Bornu_Empire (1687 words)

	Kanem-Bornu Empire Information
		The Kanem-Bornu Empire existed in modern Chad, and was first established as the Kanem Empire in the 9th century AD and lasted, in a changed form, until 1893.
		The Kanem Empire originated in the 9th century AD to the northeast of Lake Chad, located on the trans-Saharan trade routes that linked sub-Saharan Africa with the Middle East.
		Even though the Kanembu were becoming more sedentary, Kanem's rulers continued to travel frequently throughout the kingdom to remind the herders and farmers of the government's power and to allow them to demonstrate their allegiance by paying tribute.
	www.bookrags.com /Kanem-Bornu (1660 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News
		It was known to the Arab geographers as the Kanem Empire from the 9th century AD onward and lasted, in some form, until 1893.
		The history of the Empire from the 13th century onwards is mainly known from the Royal Chronicle or Girgam discovered in 1851 by the German traveller Heinrich Barth.
		The Kanem Empire originated at an unknown period to the northeast of Lake Chad.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Kanem-Bornu_Empire (1808 words)

	Kanem-Bornu Empire: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Kanem-Bornu Empire existed in Africa (Africa: The second largest continent; located south of Europe and bordered to the west by the South Atlantic and to the east by the Indian Ocean), established around 1200 and lasting, in a changed form, until the 1840s (1840s: The decade from 1840 to 1849).
		The original empire was called Kanem and grew out of a coalition of chiefdoms near Lake Chad (Lake Chad: A lake in north central Africa; fed by the Shari river), located on the trans-Saharan trade (trans-Saharan trade: trans-saharan trade, between mediterranean countries and west africa, was an important...
		This revival coincided with the collapse of the Songhai Empire (Songhai Empire: from the early 15th to the late 16th century, the songhai empire was one of the largest...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/kanem-bornu_empire (664 words)

	Islam in West Africa
		The Empire of Mali arose from the ruins of Ghana Empire.
		With the introduction of Islam in Kanem, it became the principal focus of Muslim influence in the central Sudan and relations were established with the Arab world in the Middle East and the Maghrib.
		In the late 14th century, a new capital of the Kanem empire was established in Bornu at Nigazaragamu by 'Ali b.
	members.tripod.com /worldupdates/islamintheworld/id26.htm (3657 words)

	Station Information - Kanem-Bornu Empire
		The original empire was called Kanem and grew out of a coalition of chiefdoms near Lake Chad, located on the trade routes that linked sub-Saharan Africa with the Middle East.
		But a group called the Kanuri migrated into the Kanem area in the 1100s and in the 13th C the Kanuri began to conquer the surrounding areas.
		The empire finally collapsed in the 1840s, it had been challenged by the growing anti-Muslim power of the Hausa states (see Usman dan Fodio) for many years (the Kanem capital had been destroyed in 1808) and the arrival of the colonial powers was the final blow.
	www.stationinformation.com /encyclopedia/k/ka/kanem_bornu_empire.html (528 words)

	Kanem-Bornu Empire - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Kanem-Bornu Empire, African state, in the Lake Chad region, that lasted for a thousand years, from the 9th to the 19th century.
		The northern region’s first well-documented state was the kingdom of Kanem, which emerged east of Lake Chad in what is now southwestern Chad by the...
		The Kanuri eventually returned to Chad and conquered the empire lost by the Saifawas.
	encarta.msn.com /Kanem-Bornu_Empire.html (158 words)

	Kanem - Encyclopedia.com
		Kanem, former empire in Africa in the areas near Lake Chad that are now part of Chad and N Nigeria.
		The empire began in the 9th cent., when the Sefawa migrated to the area from the Sahara.
		After attacks by the Bulalas forced the rulers of Kanem to shift their capital to Bornu (c.1380), Bornu gradually emerged as the center of a revitalized empire of which Kanem became a protectorate.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Kanem.html (427 words)

	Imperial Africa
		Empires that developed in the southern interior of the continent are not as well documented, and while they very likely did develop, as in the case of Great Zimbabwe, almost nothing is known about them.
		However, with the declining power of the Western Roman Empire, and pressures from the north on the Mediterranean and the resulting decline in import of goods from India, Axum began to loose it's major trading status and the importance of Axum's ports (and even their existence) was soon forgotten.
		The empire traded kola nuts, gold, ivory and slaves (eunuchs and young girls kidnapped in raids to the south of Kanem, a Kanuri specialty were much sought by North African Berbers) for horses, salt, copper and metal wares.
	empathosnationenterprises.com /Consulate/EN-Library/Black-Studies/afempire.html (4574 words)

	Early Chad and Kanem-Bornu
		The kingdoms and empires based their power on, and were ultimately subjected to, raids or the payment of tribute.
		During Dabbalemi's reign, the Fezzan region (in present-day Libya) fell under Kanem's authority, and the empire's influence extended westward to Kano, eastward to Wadai, and southward to the Adamawa grasslands (in present-day Cameroon).
		By the early nineteenth century, Kanem-Borno was clearly an empire in decline, and in 1808 Fulani warriors conquered Ngazargamu.
	unx1.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/Kanem-Bornu.html (2066 words)

	Kanem-Bornu Empire - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The original empire was called Kanem and grew out of a coalition of chiefdoms near Lake Chad, located on the trans-Saharan trade routes that linked sub-Saharan Africa with the Middle East.
		However, in the early 1400s the Sefuwa dynasty reoriented from Kanem to Bornu, a kingdom to the west of Lake Chad.
		The reign of Mai Ali Gaji (1497 - 1515) ended the internal division within the Empire, his forces recaptured the old capital Njimi from the rebel Bulala dynasty, but he established a new capital at Ngazargamu.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Kanem-Bornu_Empire (596 words)

	Pre-colonial African History
		Under the leadership of the Almoravid Yusuf ibn Tashfin, the nomadic Berbers of the Sanhage Confederation invaded Morocco in 1061, Mauritania in 1071 (destroying the Ghana Empire) and Spain in 1086.
		The empire declined in the 18th century but was able to stop the advance of the Fulani Islamist jihad in 1810.
		When court intrigue and succession disputes sapped the strength of the extended empire, vassal provinces revolted in the late 14th century of which the Songhai who began to build up their own empire around Gao and finally subjugated Djenné in 1471 eclipsing Mali.
	berclo.net /page99/99en-afr-notes.html (2115 words)

	KANEM-BORNU EMPIRE
		Conquests during the next 200 years expanded the empire as far west as the Niger River and east to Wadai; to the north its power extended into the Fezzan.
		The empire declined again in the 17th century, due in part to infiltration by the Fulani from the west.
		Barely withstanding an onslaught by Usuman dan Fodio in 1808–9, the empire was finally absorbed by Wadai in 1846.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?vendorId=FWNE.fw..ka006000.a (614 words)

	The Kanem-Bornu Empire - Precolonial History of the Savanna - History - Nigeria - Africa
		The Saifawas, Kanem’s ruling dynasty, periodically enlarged their holdings by conquest and marriage into the ruling families of vassal states.
		The Kanuri state, centered first in Kanem and then in Bornu, is known as the Kanem-Bornu Empire, hereafter referred to as Bornu.
		The Kanem-Bornu Empire ceased to exist in 1846 when it was absorbed into the Wadai sultanate to the east.
	www.countriesquest.com /Africa/Nigeria/History/Precolonial_History_of_the_Savanna/The_Kanem-Bornu_Empire.htm (339 words)

	THISDAYonline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Kogono dialect of Kanembu spoken in the Kanem region north of lake chad is also mutually intelligible with the Mobar dialect and is the dialect that has traditionally been used to broadcast Kanembu in Chad.
		The empire finally collapsed in the 1840s, it had been challenged by the growing anti-Muslim power of the Hausa states for many years (the Kanem capital had been destroyed in 1808) and the arrival of the colonial powers was the final blow.
		The empire traded kola nuts, gold, ivory and slaves (eunuchs and young girls kidnapped in raids to the south of Kanem, a Kanuri specialty were much sought by North African Berbers) for horses, salt, copper and metal wares.
	www.thisdayonline.com /archive/2003/06/28/20030628plu04.html (1523 words)

	Definition of Kanem-Bornu
		The original empire was called Kanem and grew out of a coalition of chiefdoms near Lake Chad, located on the trans-Saharan trade routes that linked sub-Saharan Africa with the Middle East.
		But a group called the Kanuri migrated into the Kanem area in the 1100s and in the 13th century the Kanuri began to conquer the surrounding areas.
		When the empire finally collapsed in the 1840s, it had been challenged by the growing power of the Fulani Empire to the west states for many years.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Kanem-Bornu (586 words)

	PLAYAHATA.COM
		Kanem was originally a confederation of various ethnic groups, but by 1100AD, a people called the Kanuri settled in Kanem and in the thirteenth century the Kanuri began upon a conquest of their neighbors.
		The Kanuri grew powerful enough to unite the kingdom of Bornu with Kanem during the reign of Idris Alawma (1575-1610).
		Kanem Bornu Empire - Kingdoms of the Medieval Sudan http://webusers.xula.edu/jrotondo/Kingdoms/Kanem_Bornu/KanemHistNarr.html
	www.playahata.com /pages/bhfigures/bhfigures22.html (766 words)

	2. Regions, 500-1000. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		The presence of Muslim merchants residing at Kumbi-Saleh, Ghana's capital, is attested to by evidence of two separate parts of the capital: one for the ruler and his court and the other for Muslims.
		Kanem was the first and largest state to be established between the Nile and the Niger River in this era.
		The rulers of Kanem and Ghana converted to Islam.
	www.bartelby.com /67/344.html (832 words)

	Civilizations in Africa: Kanem-Bornu
		The Sahel region of the Sudan, that is the region immediately south of the Sahara desert in central and western Africa, saw four of the greatest African empires.
		Kanem was originally a confederation of fl tribes, but by 1100, a group of tribes called the Kanuri settle in Kanem and in the thirteenth century the Kanuri began to conquer the surrounding areas.
		As a result of the military and commercial growth of Kanem, the Kanuri slowly changed from a nomadic to a sedentary people.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/CIVAFRCA/KANEM.HTM (307 words)

	Nigerian Information Technology Professionals in America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The history of Nigeria in the earlier period of 1000 to 1899 is that of kingdoms and empires founded; myths and legends created, all of which tally with the typical moonlight story telling in the traditional African societies.
		The Kanem empire predates the second millenium since it was established around 800A.D by a Yemeni hero whose Seifawa dynasty came to an end in 1422 when the Kanem empire gave way to the Shehu dynasty of Bornu.
		The Oyo empire was at the zenith of its power in the 19th century but the contradictions in the power structure was to prove its waterloo.
	www.nitpa.org /aboutnigeria.shtml (1037 words)

	Chad Kanem-Borno
		The Kanem Empire originated in the ninth century A.D. to the northeast of Lake Chad.
		Prior to the twelfth century, the nomadic Sayfawa confederation expanded southward into Kanem (the word for "south" in the Teda language).
		His innovations included the employment of fixed military camps (with walls); permanent sieges and "scorched earth" tactics, where soliders burned everything in their path; armored horses and riders; and the use of Berber camelry, Kotoko boatmen, and iron-helmeted musketeers trained by Turkish military advisers.
	www.country-studies.com /chad/kanem-borno.html (1508 words)

	Western Africa
		East of the songhaï Empire, between the river Niger and the lake Chad, developed the cities-states of Haoussas and the empire of Kanem-Bornou.
		Kanem was based in the VIIIth century in the North and east of the lake Chad and formed a State endowed with a rather cowardly structure.
		At the time of the big Sahelian empires "Xe-XVIe centuries", the life of the farmers and the fishermen improved as far as the Islam, associated to the new urban areas, had favored the economic expansion and the emergence of a ruling class and a bourgeoisie living on the business at average and long distance.
	www.afcam.org /Anglais/Doc_illustration/Afrique/AfriqueOccidentale.htm (999 words)

	Chad - INTRODUCTION
		By the end of the fourteenth century, internal struggles and external attacks had weakened the empire and forced it to uproot and move to Borno, an area to the southwest.
		The combined Kanem-Borno Empire peaked during the reign of Mai Idris Aluma, who ruled from about 1571 to 1603 and who is noted for his diplomatic, military, and administrative skills.
		Another great empire was the kingdom of Bagirmi, which arose to the southeast of Kanem-Borno in the sixteenth century.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-2254.html (2356 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Bornu
		Pressure of the Bulala, a rival dynasty from further east, caused the Sefuwa court to abandon Kanem proper and move to BORNU between 1382 and 1387.
		In the 16th century old Kanem, now under Bulala rule,was annexed; for the next 300 years, Bornu (also called Kanem-Bornu) controlled the entire Lake Chad basin.
		In the late 16th century, Bornu established diplomatic relations with the Ottoman Empire.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/centrafrica/bornu.html (311 words)

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