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	Kanzi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kanzi (born October 23, 1980), is a male bonobo ape, and one of the most famous and accomplished linguistic apes, in research led by Sue Savage-Rumbaugh.
		As an infant, Kanzi accompanied his mother to sessions where she was taught language through keyboard lexigrams, but showed little interest in the lessons.
		Kanzi, his mother, brother, and sister now live at the Great Ape Trust in Des Moines, Iowa, the only primate research center in the world dedicated to studying cognitive skills of all four types of non-human great apes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kanzi (366 words)

	:: Bonobo Conservation Initiative :: How Can I Help?
		Kanzi and Matata came to LRC when Kanzi was 6 months of age, and Kanzi was exposed to human caretakers from that point on.
		Kanzi, who was always with his mother during these training sessions, either ignored them completely or interfered with them in any manner that he could invent on the spur of the moment.
		Kanzi continued to participate in the daily language living environment from birth until 1998, at which time he elected to integrate himself into the social group of bonobos consisting of his mother, his siblings and another adult male, P-Suke.
	www.bonobo.org /kanzi.html (1417 words)

	The Telegraph - Calcutta : International
		Kanzi, an adult bonobo or pygmy chimpanzee kept at Georgia State University, Atlanta, has come up with four distinct sounds for the things closest to his heart — banana, juice, grapes and yes.
		Kanzi’s “word” for yes stayed the same across a whole range of emotions, suggesting that the noises were not simply the result of differences in the chimp’s emotional state.
		Kanzi is the latest in a line of primates to challenge the conventional view that animals have no language.
	www.telegraphindia.com /1030103/asp/foreign/story_1537619.asp (337 words)

	Non-Human Primate Communication - Janet Lukas, USM School of Library and Information Science
		Kanzi, a bonobo, was born in 1980, and arrived at the Georgia State University's Language Research Center at six months of age.
		To ensure that mimicking or cueing is not affecting Kanzi's responses, he was tested in a double-blind study using headphones and asked to respond to a spoken word by pointing to a photograph or lexigram.
		Kanzi is the first ape to master the art of knapping a stone; he has become an expert at producing good flint cutting tools.
	ocean.otr.usm.edu /~w435270/Primate.html (2484 words)

	The Emergence of a New Paradigm in Ape Language Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Almost all of the sentences were new to Kanzi, and many involved somewhat bizarre requests in order to ensure that he was not able to derive their meaning solely on the basis of semantic predictability.
		Kanzi’s cognitive deficits must somehow have resulted in a match between his “spontaneous structuring of the learning process” and “the structure of the patterns to be learned” (Ibid: 128).
		Rather, we are concerned with how Kanzi’s attentional capacities, and his use of lexigrams and his comprehension of spoken English, developed as a result of being nurtured in language-enriched interactions with their caregivers.
	cogprints.org /906/00/New_Paradigm.htm (12857 words)

	Can Chips Talk ?
		Kanzi is a bonobo [sp?], a rare chimpanzee species, and the latest in a long line of apes to be used by scientists to study language.
		Kanzi's ability to understand suggests to me that if he had a human vocal tract, he would be talking.
		Kanzi was an ape, not a child, and so I wanted to construct some kind of environment that would make the usage of language real for Kanzi.
	www.astrosurf.org /lombry/kanzi-conversation.htm (6164 words)

	[No title]
		Kanzi is the star of the book and is a bonobo (pygmy) chimp raised from birth in an environment where spoken words and the language board (arbitrary symbols to which one can point to convey an object or action) were spontaneously used to communicate with him.
		Kanzi's accomplishments are impressive and, given Savage-Rumbaugh's sensitivity to criticisms raised about the earlier chimp work and caution in making claims in the past, are not likely to be figments of the human observer's imagination.
		Throughout the book, Kanzi's gestures are frequently mentioned in passing but no systematic attention is paid to them (aside from the pointing gesture he uses to indicate the desired agent in requests).
	pubpages.unh.edu /~jel/SGMonKanzi.html (1192 words)

	Chimpanzee communications and the evolution of human language
		With the surprise discovery that Kanzi had acquired the ability to use the keyboard simply by being around his mother during her lesson, Kanzi became the new focus of Savage-Rambaugh's study.
		Kanzi's ability to communicate with a protolanguage need not invalidate Deacon's theory that control of vocalizations has shifted forward from the midbrain to the neocortex during human evolution.
		Seidenberg and Petitto (1987) suggest that Kanzi may use the keyboard symbols as instruments to obtain food or other objects without understanding that they correspond to classes of objects; Savage-Rumbaugh's affection for Kanzi may have led her to argue that Kanzi is, in fact, employing a protolanguage.
	www.gps.caltech.edu /~rkopp/collegepapers/chimps.html (3032 words)

	Kanzi Gets a New Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The work began in 1980 with Kanzi's adopted mother, Matata, who was born in the wild and had already reached puberty when researchers began to teach her English.
		Kanzi and his relatives who have learned English (most impressively his young nephews) use electronic keyboards, touching a series from among 350 keys to "speak" English sentences in a computer voice.
		Kanzi and his clan will move into his new home when the first building of the IPLS is complete next year.
	www.rmi.org /sitepages/pid983.php (1942 words)

	SRB Archives 10(2)
		Kanzi had begun to use indicative gesture long before his mother left and used it not only with humans but also with his mother who only sometimes complied with his requests.
		It is of particular interest that Kanzi's young sister Panbanisha has capabilities similar to his, while his mother who was wild born and became captive at age six, and two other young bonobos, who were not interacted with at the same level, have much less ability to respond to linguistic input.
		Kanzi at the age of 1 year was using gesture to indicate where he wanted to go.
	www.univie.ac.at /Wissenschaftstheorie/srb/srb/kanzi.html (6687 words)

	Amazon.de: Kanzi: The Ape at the Brink of the Human Mind: English Books: Savage Sue Rumbaugh,Sue Savage-Rumbaugh,E. Sue ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Kanzi differs from a trained ape in that his responses are thought motivated instead of conditioned.
		Kanzi is not only a fabulous scientific triumph but also an affectionate story of bonobos.
		Kanzi is a remarkable ape that has revolutionized our understanding of how our closest relatives think, how our common ancestors may have evolved, and why we may not be as different as once supposed.
	www.amazon.de /exec/obidos/ASIN/0471585912 (695 words)

	Lab chimp speaks his own language - 02 January 2003 - New Scientist
		Kanzi is an adult bonobo kept at Georgia State University in Atlanta.
		Kanzi is just the latest primate to challenge the view that animals have no language ability.
		For Kanzi's ability to be considered similar to language, it must be flexible and applicable to many different situations, they say.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn3218 (758 words)

	NPR : A Voluble Visit with Two Talking Apes
		Kanzi, which means "treasure" in Swahili, was born in 1980.
		Kanzi desperately wanted her help, and he began to ask for it by pointing to symbols on Matata's keyboard.
		And Kanzi and Panbanisha lived with humans for too long to be able to live on their own in the wild.
	www.npr.org /templates/story/story.php?storyId=5503685 (2261 words)

	The My Hero Project - Dr. Sue Savage-Rumbaughsue_savage_rumbaugh
		Kanzi had learned to use the keyboard by observation, not by the reward system.
		Kanzi was armed with a cardboard copy of his keyboard so he could point out his choices.
		Savage-Rumbaugh's work with Kanzi, the first ape to learn language in the same manner as children, was detailed in "Language Comprehension in Ape and Child" published in Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development (1993).
	myhero.com /myhero/heroprint.asp?hero=sue_savage_rumbaugh (1350 words)

	Carus Publishing/Cricket Magazine Group:Ask - Article
		Kanzi tells his friend, Sue, if he wants to go to the log cabin or the tree house in the forest.
		Kanzi seemed to be using lexigrams to tell the researchers what he wanted.
		But Dr. Sue Savage-Rumbaugh believes that, by raising Kanzi in a loving, supportive environment, and talking to him every day about things that interest him—teaching him language in the same way she would a human child's he has reached a new level of communication with our closest animal relative.
	www.cricketmag.com /activity_display.asp?id=118 (1112 words)

	Campi ya Kanzi - Kuku Conservation Area - Kenya Safaris
		Campi ya Kanzi accommodates a maximum of 14 guests in seven thatched roof guesthouses.
		Campi ya Kanzi is a special retreat far removed from the hectic pace of the modern world.
		Campi ya Kanzi cooks are specially trained in the preparation of fine Italian cuisine (home made fresh pasta, risotto, biscuits, bread, ice-cream, etc), which the camp features along with International and local dishes.
	www.africanmeccasafaris.com /kenya/safaris/lodges/campiyakanzi.asp (657 words)

	Carus Publishing/Cricket Magazine Group: Ask - Activity Kanzi
		When Kanzi touches one of the symbols, or lexigrams, the word it stands for is spoken and the key lights up.
		Kanzi has been using a keyboard for more than 20 years.
		Kanzi loves fan mail, but please understand that such a popular ape is not able to reply to all the fan mail he receives.
	www.cricketmag.com /activity_display.asp?id=18 (329 words)

	Meet our Great Apes, Great Ape Trust, Des Moines, Iowa
		Kanzi's achievements are not limited to language, but include tool use and tool manufacturing.
		Kanzi has shown skills as a stone tool maker and he is very proud of his ability to flake Oldowan style cutting knives.
		Kanzi's stone knives are very sharp and he’s able to cut hide and thick ropes with them.
	www.iowagreatapes.org /bonobo/meet/kanzi.php (296 words)

	Interview with Sue Savage Rumbaugh re: Kanzi
		She is the author of "Kanzi: The Ape at the Brink of the Human Mind," and, with Stuart G. Shanker and Talbot J. Taylor, is a co-author of "Ape Language and the Human Mind," to be published next month by Oxford University Press.
		Mary asked Panbanisha, 'Does Kanzi see the dogs?' And Panbanish looked at Mary and said, 'A-frame.' A-frame is a specific sector of the forest here that has an A-frame hut on it.
		For instance, if Kanzi says 'Apple chase,' which means he wants to play a game of keep away with an apple, we say, 'Yes, let's do.' And then, he picks up an apple and runs away and smiles at us.
	pubpages.unh.edu /~jel/512/chimps/SSR.html (1060 words)

	Educational CyberPlayGround: Evolutionary Language Kanzi and Koko
		Kanzi, like other primates, can communicate by pointing at symbols - but this is the first report of an ape making sounds that have distinct meanings across different situations.
		Kanzi frequently wants a banana to be given to someone else, or to be saved for later, or to be hidden -- the kind of truncation you are referring to is too simplistic to account for the kinds of things that happen daily among bonobos here.
		If we are to share minds, and assuming that is the point of the complex human language, then the point of origin of that language must be a point that is accessible to every part of the human brain/mind that has anything worthy to communicate to others.
	www.edu-cyberpg.com /Linguistics/interspecies.html (6360 words)

	Science Museum \| Your brain \| Kanzi
		Kanzi, a bonobo ape born in 1980, can use over 200 keyboard symbols.
		Sue Savage-Rumbaugh, who developed the keyboard and taught Kanzi, thinks he learnt language by watching and imitating as researchers tried to teach his mother, Matata.
		Kanzi, who was always present at the sessions, may have learnt the symbols at the same time.
	www.sciencemuseum.org.uk /exhibitions/brain/259.asp (102 words)

	New insight into Kanzi and how a great ape acquired language
		Kanzi’s Primal Language: The Cultural Initiation of Primates into Language was written by William Fields and Dr.
		Kanzi’s Primal Language offers important new knowledge into how culture and language interlace in early childhood by showing how Kanzi originally acquired language when he was a young ape – spontaneously in a culture he shared with humans.
		“Kanzi’s language acquisition overthrows the theoretical framework in which people have tried to imagine what it means for a child to develop language – it is neither innate nor learned through training or imitation,” says Fields.
	www.greatapetrust.org /media/releases/2005/nr_56a05.php (864 words)

	Kanzi Listening to Human Speech - Picture - MSN Encarta
		Kanzi, a male bonobo, or pygmy chimpanzee, identifies an object that he has just heard named through headphone speakers.
		At a young age, Kanzi learned to understand simple human speech and to communicate by using lexigrams, abstract symbols that represent objects and actions.
		A keyboard of lexigrams is pictured in the background.
	encarta.msn.com /media_461547577_761573582_-1_1/Kanzi_Listening_to_Human_Speech.html (62 words)

	The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum
		A few years later, Dr Rumbaugh was joined by Dr Sue Savage (she was later to marry him), and for the last three decades, she has been studying and attempting to cultivate linguistic and cognitive capabilities of bonobo chimpanzees at Georgia State University’s Language Research Center (LRC) in Atlanta, Georgia.
		And her star protégé, Kanzi has attracted wide attention of the public, professional linguists and psychologists.
		Whether Kanzi and Koko have acquired language skills or not, only further research will tell, but their achievements should not be ignored, just becuase they happen to be animals.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2003/20031109/spectrum/main2.htm (1307 words)

	A "token" language
		Kanzi was a male pygmy chimpanzee (a rare species) who learnt more spontaneously than any of the other subspecies of chimpanzees tested.
		Savage-Rumbaugh (1990) reports that Kanzi generated his own grammar by combining gestures with lexigrams (symbols), for example on one occasion Kanzi selected the lexigram for "dog" and made the gesture for "go".
		In 1993 Kanzi was tested, along with a human child, Alia in order to compare their comprehension of language.
	bowland-files.lancs.ac.uk /chimp/langac/LECTURE4/4token.htm (573 words)

	Kanzi
		Matata was the first bonobo to be used in these studies and it was expected that she would do well as bonobos were thought to be generally more intelligent than common chimpanzees but the results were not encouraging.
		Her adopted son Kanzi, however, seemed fascinated by the keyboard that she was trying to learn to use.
		After 17 months, Kanzi had a vocabulary of about fifty symbols and was regularly using combinations of words.
	www.fortunecity.com /greenfield/twyford/73/kanzi.html (400 words)

	Great Ape Trust of Iowa :: New Insight Into Kanzi and How a Great Ape Acquired Language
		Kanzi's Primal Language: The Cultural Initiation of Primates into Language was written by William Fields and Dr. Sue Savage-Rumbaugh of Great Ape Trust and Dr. Par Segerdahl of Uppsala University of Sweden.
		Kanzi's Primal Language offers important new knowledge into how culture and language interlace in early childhood by showing how Kanzi originally acquired language when he was a young ape -- spontaneously in a culture he shared with humans.
		"Kanzi's language acquisition overthrows the theoretical framework in which people have tried to imagine what it means for a child to develop language -- it is neither innate nor learned through training or imitation," says Fields.
	sev.prnewswire.com /publishing-information-services/20051020/CGTH00520102005-1.html (853 words)

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