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	Kaplan turbine - Biocrawler
		The Kaplan turbine was an evolution of the Francis turbine.
		The Kaplan turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine, which means that the working fluid changes pressure as it moves through the turbine and gives up its energy.
		Straflo turbines are axial turbines with the generator outside of the water channel, connected to the periphery of the runner.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Kaplan_turbine (628 words)

	Wind and Hydropower Technologies Program: Types of Hydropower Turbines
		The impulse turbine generally uses the velocity of the water to move the runner and discharges to atmospheric pressure.
		An impulse turbine is generally suitable for high head, low flow applications.
		A cross-flow turbine is drum-shaped and uses an elongated, rectangular-section nozzle directed against curved vanes on a cylindrically shaped runner.
	www.eere.energy.gov /windandhydro/hydro_turbine_types.html (661 words)

	Kaplan turbine
		A type of turbine, developed around 1915 by the Austrian enginer Viktor Kaplan (1876-1934), that has two or more blades, the pitch of which is adjustable; it resembles a marine propeller.
		The turbine may have gates to control the angle of the fluid flow into the blades.
		Kaplan turbines are well suited to situations in which there is a low head and a large amount of discharge.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/K/AE_Kaplan_turbine.html (240 words)

	Famous People - Statutory city of Brno
		Kaplan’s life-long interest in harnessing and using the power within water flows is possibly symbolically linked to Kaplan’s place of birth, which was near to the mountain river Würz.
		A model of Kaplan’s experimental turbine in action, its main parts, drawings and photographs formed part of the exhibition which was presented at the Exhibition of Contemporary Culture in Brno in 1928 by the Institute of machine engineering at the Brno German Technical University, of which Professor Viktor Kaplan was the principal.
		Kaplan’s funeral in Unterach was an event for the public, scientists and industrialists alike, and in 1935 he was laid to rest in Rochuspoint.
	www.brno.cz /index.php?lan=en&nav01=2447&idosobnosti=18 (908 words)

	TURBINE, (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The basic element in a turbine is a wheel or rotor with paddles, propellers, blades, or buckets arranged on its circumference in such a fashion that the moving fluid exerts a tangential force that turns the wheel and imparts energy to it.
		In addition to these two basic components, turbines are equipped with wheels or drums upon which the blades are mounted, a shaft for these wheels or drums, an outer casing that confines the steam to the area of the turbine proper, and various pieces of auxiliary equipment, including lubrication devices and governors.
		The simplest form of steam turbine is the so-called impulse turbine, in which the turbine jets are fixed in place on the inside of the turbine casing, and the blades are set on the rims of revolving wheels mounted on a central shaft.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?vendorId=FWNE.fw..tu102400.a#FWNE.fw..tu102400.a (2740 words)

	turbine - Encyclopedia.com
		At the inlet end of the turbine high-pressure steam enters from a boiler and moves through the turbine parallel to the shaft, first striking a row of stationary vanes that directs the steam against the first bladed disk at an optimum speed and angle.
		The term gas turbine is usually applied to a unit whose essential components are a compressor, a combustion chamber, and a turbine that resembles a steam turbine.
		The turbine drives the compressor, which feeds high-pressure air into the combustion chamber; there it is mixed with a fuel and burned, providing high-pressure gases to drive the turbine, the gases expanding until their pressure drops to atmospheric pressure.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc.aspx?id=1E1:turbine (988 words)

	Turbines (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The British-born American engineer James B. Francis designed a turbine in which the flow was inward, and the so-called reaction, or Francis, turbine, became the most widely used hydraulic turbine for water pressures, or heads, equivalent to a column of water 10 to 100 m (33 to 330 ft).
		The turbine is designed so that steam entering at one end of the turbine expands through a succession of nozzles until it has lost most of its internal energy.
		In a turbine or compressor, a row of fixed blades and a corresponding row of moving blades attached to a rotor is called a stage.
	html.rincondelvago.com /turbines.html (3464 words)

	Turbine - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Turbine, rotary engine that converts the energy of a moving stream of water, steam, or gas into mechanical energy.
		Gas Turbine, also combustion turbine, engine that employs gas flow as the working medium by which heat energy is transformed into mechanical energy....
		Hydraulic Turbine, machine that converts the energy of a stream of water into mechanical energy, which is often used to generate electricity.
	encarta.msn.com /Turbine.html (149 words)

	Micro hydropower basic: introduction (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Turbines are also divided by their principle way of operating and can be either impulse or reaction turbines.
		The major disadvantage of impulse turbines is that they are mostly unsuitable for low-head sites because of their low specific speeds too great an increase in speed would be required of the transmission to enable coupling to a standard alternator.
		This kind of propeller turbine is known as a fixed blade axial flow turbine because the pitch angle of the rotor blades cannot be changed.
	microhydropower.net /turbines.html (1906 words)

	WAPA - CRSP Management Center
		Broad, swiveling blades on the turbine are spun by high-pressure water as it is released through a sluice, driving the axle of a generator.
		When impulse-type turbines are used, gross head is usually determined as the elevation difference of still water in the forebay and the water jets acting on the Pelton turbine buckets, rather than the still tailwater elevation.
		Impulse turbines have no draft tubes as such, so the drop from the center of the water jets to the tailwater surface is not used to generate power.
	www.wapa.gov /crsp/info/hydro.htm (1989 words)

	Types of Hydraulic Turbines
		Most of the earlier turbines were so constructed that the water entered their runners at the centre and flowed radially outward.
		The turbine that Francis built following his investigations allowed the water to enter the runner from the outside and to flow inward through the radial blades.
		This type of turbines are similar to Kaplan Turbines, except their shaft position which is not vertical, but either horizontal or inclined.
	www.geocities.com /mbobbymro/Model_Turbine_typ.html (179 words)

	Kaplan turbine
		In 1922 Voith introduced an 1100 HP (about 800 kW) Kaplan turbine for use mainly on rivers.
		Bulb or Tubular turbines are designed into the water delivery tube.
		Tyson turbines are a fixed propeller turbine designed to be immersed in a fast flowing river, either permanently anchored in thee river bed, or attached to a boat or barge.
	www.algebra.com /algebra/about/history/Kaplan-turbine.wikipedia (611 words)

	Quality Control - 3D Measurement
		So far, 3D scanning of turbines was performed successfully in several hydroelectric power plants in order to assess the condition and the efficiency of these turbines, to check their shape, to create copies or to prepare new ones.
		As for the Pelton turbine, 3D scanning of the Francis turbine's rotor was performed with ATOS and TRITOP.
		For this purpose it was necessary to determine the exact distance to the adjacent blades (angle position), the shape tolerance of the blades and the alignment of the blades with respect to the centerline of the turbine's rotor.
	www.capture3d.com /applications-quality-turbines-3Dmeasure.html (1325 words)

	Diseño de la turbina del waterpower de la hidroelectricidad, electricidad, fabricación e ...
		Kaplan turbine is aimed at very low head sites (down to 2 metres) - in particular existing mill sites which would require very little modification to the existing civil works.
		This spiral cased Kaplan turbine is especially effective in the 20 to 35 metre head range, as site conditions in this range normally have penstocks supplying water to the turbines.
		The high head supplying the turbine means that a high rotational speed of the runner is obtainable and therefore the runner can normally be directly mounted onto an extended generator shaft, giving a higher overall efficiency.
	www.newmillshydro.com /5.html (190 words)

	Kaplan Turbine - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		Kaplan turbines are now widely used throughout the world in high flow, low head power production.
		In 1922 Voith introduced an 1100 HP kaplan turbine for use mainly on rivers.
		The Kaplan turbine is the most widely used of the propeller-type turbines, but several other variations exist: Propeller turbines have non-adjustable propeller vanes.
	www.music.us /education/K/Kaplan-Turbine.htm (805 words)

	Statement of Richard K. Fisher, Jr., Salmon Recovery on Columbia and Snake Rivers, Oct. 8, 1998
		The number of turbine runner blades and stay vanes, the length of the fish compared to the size of the turbine, and the quality of the flow at the point of operation are key elements that characterize survival [12,16].
		Specially shaped turbine component geometries were developed for enhancing low pressures at locations for aeration outlets in the turbine water passage, for drawing air into an efficiently absorbed bubble cloud as a natural consequence of the design, and for minimizing power lost as a consequence of aeration.
		Modified Kaplan: Eliminating runner gaps, improved blade shapes and an advanced control system to sense the presence of fish are some modifications to a Kaplan turbine designed by the Voith Hydro, Inc. led team of engineers, biologists and university researchers that may increase survival rates to 98% according to one preliminary study.
	epw.senate.gov /105th/fis_10-8.htm (4428 words)

	Water Turbines
		Many water turbine designs have been developed over that time, and these designs continue to be further optimized with the aid of advanced simulation software from ANSYS.
		From multi-phase flows in Pelton turbines to non-linear stress analysis of Kaplan runners, ANSYS is the CAE provider of choice for water turbine design optimization.
		Kaplan Turbine courtesy of Turboinštitut, Republic of Slovenia
	www.ansys.com /industries/tm-water-turbines.asp (148 words)

	Turbines
		By contrast with the impulse turbine, reaction turbines are difficult to understand and analyze, especially the ones usually met with in practice.
		The principle of a power turbine is to direct the incoming water tangentially by stationary vanes, and then to have it pass to the moving runner where it exerts forces on the runner vanes while its pressure decreases from the input head to zero.
		The runner of a Francis turbine is illustrated at the left.
	www.du.edu /~jcalvert/tech/fluids/turbine.htm (6486 words)

	EPFL: SP+R (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The project studies the flow under the tip of a model Kaplan turbine blade in a purpose-built water channel at the Fluid Mechanics Laboratory at the EPFL.
		The project is driven by the problem of cavitation erosion of the ends of turbine blades, the cavitation being caused by the low pressure at the core of the tip vortex.
		The tip or clearance vortex is a vortex that rolls up along the suction side of a turbine blade in the region of the tip clearance between the blade and the casing.
	lmfwww.epfl.ch /research/projects_old/kaplan.html (399 words)

	Hydro-Québec - Power Generation
		Turbines convert the energy of rushing water, steam or wind into mechanical energy to drive an alternator.
		This turbine is therefore suitable for certain run-of-river generating stations where the river flow varies considerably.
		Turbines are selected according to the available head, or usable difference in elevation.
	www.hydroquebec.com /learning/production/amenagements/types_turbines.html (284 words)

	Blade for Kaplan turbine - Patent 6007297
		A blade for a Kaplan turbine has substantially linear touching lines for contacting, in the closed position of the guide blade array, adjacent guide blades, the contact lines being linear or curved and running generally parallel to the pivot axis of the blade.
		The objective of the invention is not primarily to improve the already high level of efficiencies of Kaplan turbines with radial inflow and cylindrical guide vanes at design point conditions; rather, the objective is to improve the partial load efficiency and to expand the regulation limits of the flow passing the turbine.
		The usual chaos-regulation for the shaking off leaves, applied on turbines of river power stations, which can cause heavy turbine damage, might be replaced by a smooth reversion of the flow in a turbine according to the invention.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6007297.html (3132 words)

	WaterWheel Factory - Kaplan Turbine
		The kaplan turbine is a great development of early 20th century.
		The kaplan turbine, unlike all other propeller turbines, the runner's blades were movable.
		All low-head, high discharge propeller turbines had to be given amply dimensioned draft tubes since the efficiency of the turbine depended on a strong pressure.
	www.waterwheelfactory.com /kaplan.htm (193 words)

	kaplan turbine : ALSTOM, the full-service provider in power generation (Site not responding. Last check: )
		kaplan turbine ALSTOM, the full-service provider in power generation Pre-optimised solutions offer you a reduction of investment costs and project completion lead times, while ensuring a high level of performance, availability and environmental compatibility, to date, we've constructed more than 335 units, equating to 110 000 MW of installed power.
		As a result, ALSTOM’s gas turbine range covers a wide spectrum of products for both 50 Hz and 60 Hz markets, all units can operate either in simple cycle, combined cycle or in cogeneration applications, they are fuelled by natural gas, diesel oil and even crude oil and coal gas for certain machines.
		We are also a leading supplier of steam turbine retrofits having already supplied solutions to improve the efficiency and reliability of over 500 cylinders in operation, this includes the installation of the world's most efficient high pressure HP steam turbine.
	www.power.alstom.com /power-generation-equipment/kaplan-turbine.htm (309 words)

	Engineer Update
		Kaplan turbines are installed at many of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ hydroelectric powerhouses in the nation.
		Invented by Vicktor Kaplan of Austria between 1910 and 1924, the turbine features a gap between the fixed stay vanes and the moveable, non-spinning wicket gates that let water into the turbine.
		An important distinction was that the Corps’ turbines have to protect fish and the aircraft turbine doesn’t, he added.
	www.hq.usace.army.mil /cepa/pubs/nov06/story10.htm (964 words)

	Turbine (Site not responding. Last check: )
		50 % of the energy in the water in the turbine pipes is stored in the rotation of the water.
		This means that in order to extract this energy a new kind turbine must be made.
		Kaplan turbine from Cargo and Kraft The turbine
	www.waveplane.com /turbine.htm (113 words)

	NUMERICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF TURBULENT FLOW IN WATER TURBINES
		The investigated turbine is a test rig, at GE Energy (Sweden) AB, with a runner diameter of 0.5m (figure 2).
		The GAMM Francis turbine (figure 4) is used for validation of the CALC-PMB CFD code in the area of hydraulic machinery.
		Nilsson and L. Davidson: A numerical investigation of the flow in the wicket gate and runner of the Hölleforsen (Turbine 99) Kaplan turbine model.
	www.tfd.chalmers.se /~hani/phdproject/proright.html (1749 words)

	Turbinentypen
		The Pelton Turbine is an invention of the American Lester Pelton, who constructed it in 1899.
		The Kaplan Turbine has been constructed by the Austrian inventor Viktor Kaplan in 1913.
		Turbine and the TAT (tubular axial) Turbine are variants of the Kaplan Turbine.
	www.neurohr-info.de /html/turbinentypen.html (395 words)

	Kaplan-Turbine bereichert Energiepark / Wissenschaft, Forschung, Entwicklung, Wirtschaft, Universität, Institut, ...
		Um die Optik der Turbine nachzuempfinden, ist das Tragwerk mit einer Aluminiumhaut verkleidet, die allein 200 Kilogramm wiegt.
		Sie wurde 1913 von dem österreichischen Ingenieur Viktor Kaplan erfunden.
		Kaplan, der jahrelang um die Anerkennung seiner Arbeit kämpfen musste, erlebte diese Würdigung nicht mehr.
	www.interconnections.de /id_32553.html (400 words)

	Kaplan Turbine
		In asking alms, he insisted that he was "possessed," and Kaplan proved it by jumping, screaming, barking, and treating the company to a parody of the _Te Deum_.
		In 1876, at a little town near Amiens, in France, a young woman suffering Turbine with all the usual evidences of diabolic possession was Turbine brought Kaplan to the priest.
		The priest was besought to cast out the devil, but he simply took her to the hospital, where, under scientific treatment, she Kaplan rapidly became better.[[165]] The final triumph Turbine of science in this part of the great field has been mainly achieved during the latter half of the present century.
	hadar.shofixti.com /article/kaplan%20turbine.html (264 words)

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