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Topic: Kappa number

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	World Intellectual Property Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		A method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the method the kappa number of pulp is measured by determining two meas- urement points corresponding to the predetermined consistency by means of the modelling function (200), and determining the kappa number of pulp by means of the measurement points.
		Optical measurement of the kappa number is performed in block 110, the consistency of the sample is measured in block 112, and the brightness of the sample is measured optically in block 114.
		To measure both the kappa number and the brightness, the strength of optical radiation is measured continuously at the desired wave- length at the consistencies of the desired consistency range.
	www.wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=01/53810.010726&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (4251 words)

	ISO - International Organization for Standardization
		The Kappa number is an indication of the lignin content or bleachability of pulp.
		ISO 302:2004 is applicable to all kinds of chemical pulps and semi-chemical pulps within the Kappa number range 1 to 100.
		For pulps with a Kappa number exceeding 100, use the chlorine-consumption procedure (ISO 3260) to describe the degree of delignification.
	www.iso.ch /iso/en/CatalogueDetailPage.CatalogueDetail?CSNUMBER=36604 (69 words)

	The “Ideal” Active Chapter
		The Number II assumes the duties of the Number I in his absence or inability to act, counts the votes on questions submitted to the chapter, reports to the chapter violation of the laws of Kappa Alpha Order that are not reported by the Number VII.
		The Number IV files correspondence to and from the chapter, supervises writing of all correspondence and is generally regarded as the public relations chairman for the chapter.
		The Number V maintains the chapter register, facilitates alumni activities, edits and publishes the chapter newsletter, keeps alumni addresses up-to-date, records historical data and is responsible for the chapter library, pictures and other properties of historical nature.
	www.kappaalphaorder.org /resources/varlet_materials/varlet_idealchapter.asp (4103 words)

	Examination questions 1a
		The bleaching yield in bleaching softwood kraft pulp (kappa number 26...30) with the sequence CEDED is 98...99 %.
		The bleaching yield in bleaching softwood kraft pulp (kappa number 26...30) with the sequence CEDED is 94...95 %.
		The kappa number of the unbleached pulp determines the chemical dose in chlorine bleaching.
	www.hut.fi /Units/PulpAndPaperLinkage/PulpingTechnology/examq2a.htm (2475 words)

	Honeywell
		Precise control of the kappa number improves pulp uniformity out of the digesters and helps stabilize unit processes in a variety of areas throughout the mill, including washing, screening, the bleach plant, chemical recovery, and the paper machines.
		reduction in kappa number variation and an increase in yield of 0.5 to 2%.
		Variations in the kappa number data are analyzed through the use of control charts.
	www.honeywellautomationindia.com /html/pbb_bd.htm (1799 words)

	Paperloop.com - leading the pulp, paper, packaging and printing industry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The conclusion was that raising the target kappa number of softwood pulp from 27 to 37 exiting the digester and then oxygen delignifying the pulp to kappa number 17 would reduce the quantity of wood required by 2.9%.
		The quantity of white liquor required to operate a digester depends on a number of variables, including the quantity of wood that has to be cooked and the desired kappa number of the cooked pulp.
		If the target kappa number is raised by a few points, there would be a reduction (by several percent) in the quantity of white liquor required in the digester.
	www.paperloop.com /db_area/archive/p_p_mag/1997/9706/feat2.htm (2505 words)

	Paperloop.com - leading the pulp, paper, packaging and printing industry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Kappa number is largely controlled by cooking zone temperature as the pulp makes its way through the digester.
		Kappa number varies linearly with lignin content and thus measures "degree of cook" in the digester.
		If the kappa number is too high out of the digester, the lignin content makes the pulp hard to bleach and the brightness quickly reverts with time (e.g.
	www.paperloop.com /db_area/archive/p_p_mag/1998/9809/feat4.htm (2012 words)

	Paperloop.com - News•Analysis•Prices•Forecasts•Data•Events (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		However, the planned addition of long-term kappa number controls could not continue until a number of wood moisture and operations management issues were addressed.
		The upflow calculation in the lower section of the digester was negative and varying from -4.0 to -25.0 l/sec, which contributed to the kappa number's high standard deviation and chip level problems, as well as to blow temperature and consistency swings.
		Kappa numbers at the Intercontinental mill have averaged around 25 for several years.
	www.paperloop.com /db_area/archive/p_p_mag/2004/0012/02.html (4268 words)

	Low Kappa Continuous Pulping (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		delignification, the kappa number in the cooked pulp has to be decreased
		the ability to lower the kappa number from both batch and continuous cooking
		This paper examines the status of low kappa pulping in modified and
	es.epa.gov /techpubs/7/13767.html (70 words)

	1995-96 REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL
		Kappa number is an index used by the pulp and paper industry to express the lignin content of a pulp.
		Variation of this type can be quantified with the standard kappa number test because the sample size required for the test is small enough to resolve low frequency variation within the digester.
		Studies by one of the PIs (Gustafson) have shown that variation of kappa number from fiber to fiber may have significant impact on pulp bleachability (2).
	faculty.washington.edu /callis/Forest/Flow_Imager_A-99.htm (1788 words)

	Paperloop.com - leading the pulp, paper, packaging and printing industry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Evidence is beginning to suggest that low kappa number pulping and TCF bleaching produce lower yields of bleached pulp compared with ECF bleaching of pulps with kappa numbers of more than 20.
		If environmental considerations force digester kappa numbers and bleaching technology into regions where strength loss occurs, then a higher percentage of the low-yield TCF pulp must be added to the paper furnish to maintain the strength of the sheet.
		But there is growing evidence to suggest that pulping to kappa number 14 followed by TCF bleaching will increase wood consumption by 9 to 11% compared with pulping to 30 kappa number with the same digester configuration, followed by ECF bleaching.
	www.paperloop.com /db_area/archive/p_p_mag/1994/9412/94120111.htm (1290 words)

	(Pulp and Paper) NITROGEN DIOXIDE PREOXIDATION OXYGEN DELIGNIF... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		In order to produce a low Kappa number pulp after an oxygen stage, nitrogen dioxide preoxidation was superior to modification of the kraft cook, Kappa number 9-10 should be compared to 13-14 in the latter case.
		A number of these methods made it possible to further reduce the Kappa number to about 8 after the oxygen stage.
		Kappa number reduction from 17-9, the first figure representing a conventionally cooked and oxygen bleached kraft pulp, decreased the consumption of active chlorine up to 55%.
	es.epa.gov /p2pubs/r10pandp/149.html (159 words)

	Honeywell
		Continuous Digester controls provide precise control of the kappa number, improving pulp uniformity out of the digester and stabilizing unit processes in a variety of areas throughout the mill, including washing, screening, the bleach plant, chemical recovery, and the paper machines.
		Kappa Number Control employs a number of advanced statistical process control (SPC) techniques to minimize the total kappa number variation by taking corrective action only for true process shifts.
		This SPC approach is combined with a modified H-factor model of the cooking process to provide comprehensive control of the kappa number via adjustment of the cooking temperature setpoints.
	www.honeywellautomationindia.com /html/pcd_pcd.htm (1802 words)

	Antti Lemmetti & Kauko Leiviskä & Raimo Sutinen. Kappa number prediction based on cooking liquor measurements. ...
		Kappa number prediction based on cooking liquor measurements.
		Using these measurements it is possible to predict kappa number values before the end of the cook in a batch digester or to alter cooking conditions in a continuous digester to obtain desired kappa number.
		In addition to kappa number prediction CLA 2000 can be utilised in alkali dosage and residual alkali control.
	herkules.oulu.fi /isbn9514275004?tulosta=yes (154 words)

	T A P P I . . . p e o p l e . . . r e s o u r c e s . . . s o l u t i o n s
		The kappa number distributions of pulps analyzed with a density gradient column compare favorably to those measured with the flow-through instrument.
		The fiber kappa number distribution of pulp may have a substantial impact on pulp properties and processing costs.
		In non-AQ cooks, the kappa number distribution tends to narrow as the cook progresses, and the delignification rate slows in the fibers of low kappa number.
	www.tappi.org /print.asp?pid=25217&det=1 (462 words)

	Paperloop.com - leading the pulp, paper, packaging and printing industry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		In the extended cooking of Scandinavian softwoods from Kappa number 25 to 15, yield loss of 1.7 points-from 42.5 to 40.8%-was experienced,10 increasing the mill's wood use by 4% to cover the yield deficit.
		Pulping to Kappa number 50, followed by oxygen delignification prior to bleaching is a prudent approach that gains the yield improvement while meeting environmental obligations.
		The difference in AOX discharge that resulted from bleaching Kappa number 30-O2 pulp compared with that from Kappa number 50-O2-O2 pulp was found to be insignificant.6 Parsad, et al 26 reported that the AOX generated during DE(OP)D bleaching of Kappa number 50-O2-O2 pulp was about 1.14 lb/a.d.
	www.paperloop.com /db_area/archive/p_p_mag/1997/9703/focus3.htm (4331 words)

	Book of Lies
		COMMENTARY ({Mu-Delta}) This is the special number of Horus; it is the Hebrew blood, and the multiplication of the 4 by the 11, the number of Magick, explains 4 in its finest sense.
		The numbers in paragraphs 1 to 3 are significant; each Master-Mason is attended by 5 Fellow-Crafts, and each Fellow-Craft by 3 Apprentices, as if the Masters were sitting in pentagrams, and the Fellow- Craftsmen in triangles.
		The number 90 is the last paragraph is not merely fact, but symbolism; 90 being the number of Tzaddi, the Star, looked at in its exoteric sense, as a naked woman, playing by a stream, surrounded by birds and butterflies.
	www.hermetic.com /crowley/libers/lib333.html (17247 words)

	Kappa Number - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Look for Kappa Number in Wiktionary, our sister dictionary project.
		Look for Kappa Number in the Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video.
		If you have created this page in the past few minutes and it has not yet appeared, it may not be visible due to a delay in updating the database.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kappa_Number (124 words)

	BrainWave - Advanced Process Control Technology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The target Kappa is 32 and the installation of this control system has reduced standard deviation from 3.76 to 3.38 despite wide swings in chip quality.
		Kappa Number predictions will improve as the model is refined for a smaller range of operating conditions (after EA variations are reduced).
		It should be noted that the calculations used are conservative as the Kappa number standard deviation (SD) used are the average of daily averages for all cases, which will tend to understate the SD and the potential savings.
	www.brainwave.com /library/a70.html (1533 words)

	Patent 5229294
		The number of variable parameters relevant to an exact chemical constituency temperature and time required for a specific digester charge of wood chips to achieve a predetermined degree of gum hydrolysis defies precision.
		The prior practice of "Kappa" Number or "K" Number instrument calibration required that a single pulp sample batch be "Kappa" Number or "K" Number tested in both the instrument and the laboratory.
		The calibration "Kappa" Number or "K" Number may be arbitrarily selected but usually is that of the instrument mid-scale value, or of the production target number.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5229294.html (2132 words)

	Kappa Number determination - Degree of lignification - Cellulose content of paper pulp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		To achieve these goals, the delignification process is widely monitored using standard methods for Kappa Number determination (TAPPI T 236, SCAN-C1 or equivalent) corresponding to the number of millilitres of 20 mmol/l (0.1N) potassium permanganate solution consumed by one gram of moisture-free pulp under the conditions specified in this method.
		With the new Radiometer Analytical titrator range, the Kappa Number can easily be determined using a dedicated volumetric titration setup combining the TitraLab 865 Potentiometric Titration Workstation and the ABU52 Biburette.
		Click here to request a quotation for a Kappa Number Titration System or to ask for more information.
	www.radiometer-analytical.com /news/en_kappa.asp (222 words)

	Holzforschung - Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Kraft and oxygen delignified pulps with various kappa numbers were prepared from fl spruce and western hemlock chips.
		The bleachability (ratio of kappa number decrease to chlorine dioxide applied) of the different pulps at the same kappa number varied with both wood furnish and delignification process.
		Thus, unbleached kappa number alone is not a reliable indicator of bleachability for these pulps.
	www.degruyter.de /journals/holz/abs/14889.html (166 words)

	Paperloop.com - News•Analysis•Prices•Forecasts•Data•Events (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Surfactant treatment results in a more uniform cook with lower kappa number and a reduction in rejects.
		Kappa number was increased by 1.6 units, corresponding to a pulp yield increase of 2% to 3%
		The program was fed at a dosage rate of 0.01% to 0.04% as AQ on oven-dry wood to the suction side of the white liquor pump for the top circulation loop.
	www.pponline.com /db_area/archive/p_p_mag/2004/0009/04.html (1084 words)

	Real Time Process Troubleshooting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		In kraft pulping, the primary quality parameters for controlling cooking conditions are Kappa number and viscosity.
		One alternative to the use of hardware sensors for on-line determination of Kappa and viscosity is the use of on-line model predictions using factor network analysis.
		Process data from the digesters are combined with manual Kappa and viscosity tests in models which are used for on-line pulp quality predictions.
	www.pacsim.com /FN/FN-General/FNapp3.shtml (125 words)

	APRIL 2002 Kappa Delta Sorority Alumnae Advisor-E Newsletter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Kappa Delta alumnae associations, or a consortium of alumnae associations, are eligible to apply for grant monies to benefit a local non-profit agency, program or event.
		Perhaps not in the numbers and public exposure of the September 11, 2001 tragedy, but still their families and lives are adversely changed forever.
		There are a number of chapters that have earned the right to brag not only on their campus that they are number one - but also to their alums that follow these details more than they know.
	www.kappadelta.org /MemberServices/Advisor-E/AAE0402.htm (4306 words)

	Paperloop.com - News•Analysis•Prices•Forecasts•Data•Events (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Adding surfactant-based digester additives reduces the surface tension between the liquor and the wood, allowing a more thorough wetting of the chip surface and thereby facilitating penetration of the cooking liquor into the inner matrices of the wood.
		Kappa number, residual active alkali, extractives, and percent rejects can be chosen as parameters to judge the effectiveness of a surfactant program.
		Figure 3 shows the effects of digester surfactants on the residual active alkali content of fl liquor in softwood pulp as a function of kappa number.
	www.paperloop.com /db_area/archive/p_p_mag/2004/0009/04.html (1084 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		\name{kappa} \title{Estimate the Condition Number} \usage{ kappa(z, \dots) \method{kappa}{lm}(z, \dots) \method{kappa}{default}(z, exact = FALSE, \dots) \method{kappa}{qr}(z, \dots) kappa.tri(z, exact = FALSE, \dots) } \alias{kappa} \alias{kappa.default} \alias{kappa.lm} \alias{kappa.qr} \alias{kappa.tri} \arguments{ \item{z}{A matrix or a the result of \code{\link{qr}} or a fit from a class inheriting from \code{"lm"}.} \item{exact}{logical.
		Should the result be exact?} \item{\dots}{further arguments passed to or from other methods.} } \description{ An estimate of the condition number of a matrix or of the \eqn{R} matrix of a \eqn{QR} decomposition, perhaps of a linear fit.
		The condition number is defined as the ratio of the largest to the smallest \emph{non-zero} singular value of the matrix.
	www.cs.uiowa.edu /~luke/classes/248/R-1.8.1/src/library/base/man/kappa.Rd (288 words)

	yet2.com - TechPak - Continuous in-line kappa measurement system
		A system for the continual, real-time, in-situ generation of a Kappa number used by a process control system to control the delignification of papermaking pulps that includes injecting broad-spectrum light energy from a light energy source into the pulp and collecting the resultant reflected light energy from a near-and a far-light collector.
		The reflected light energy collected by the light collectors is analyzed by associated near- and far-light analyzers that generate analog output signals representing the intensity of selected wavelengths of light energy received by the light collectors.
		The output signal from the measurement computer is converted by an input/output device into a signal form acceptable by the process control system, where it is used to control the delignification process in accordance to the Kappa number representation.
	www.yet2.com /app/utility/external/indexpatent/19396 (385 words)

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