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Topic: Kara Mustafa Pasha

	Kara Mustafa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha (1634-1683) was an Ottoman military leader who was at the center of the empire's last attempts at expansion into central and eastern Europe.
		Mustafa is universally described in contemporary Christian sources as both greedy and villainous.
		On December 25, 1683, Kara Mustafa was executed in Belgrade by the order of the commander of the Janissaries.
	www.theezine.net /k/kara-mustafa.html (436 words)

	Mustafa Pasha - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mustafa Pasha, A sixteenth century governor of Algeria and Ottoman Grand Vizier
		Mustafa Pasha, A seventeenth century Ottoman commander in Egypt.
		Kara Mustafa Pasha, A seventeenth century Ottoman Vizier.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mustafa_Pasha (115 words)

	Kara Mustafa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha (1634/1635 – December 25, 1683) was an Ottoman military leader and vizier who was a central character in the empire's last attempts at expansion into central and eastern Europe.
		After distinguishing himself, Mustafa became a vizier in his own right, and by 1663, commander of the Ottoman Grand Fleet of the Aegean Sea.
		But on September 12, 1683, the Austrians and their Polish allies under King Jan Sobieski took advantage of Mustafa's poor disposition of his troops and won the Battle of Vienna with a devastating flank attack led by Sobieski's Polish cavalry.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kara_Mustafa (458 words)

	1676-83. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Kara Mustafa Pasha, brother-in-law of his predecessor, Kopruluzade Fazil Ahmed Pasha, served as grand vezir.
		A large army led by Kara Mustafa Pasha assaulted the walls of the Habsburg capital but met with a staunch defense and was forced to retreat after the arrival of Polish reinforcements led by John Sobieski.
		Kopruluzade Fazil Mustafa Pasha, younger brother of Fazil Ahmed Pasha, was appointed grand vezir.
	www.bartleby.com /67/804.html (587 words)

	Encyclopedia: Pasha (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Pasha (or pascha, bashaw; Turkish: paÅa) was a high rank in the Ottoman Empire political system, typically granted to governors and generals.
		Abbas I (1813-1854), pasha of Egypt, was a son of Tusun Pasha and grandson of Mehmet Ali, founder of the reigning dynasty.
		Mehmed Pasha Sokolović (in Turkish Sokollu Mehmet Paşa) (1505 or 1506-June 30, 1579) was born in the village of Sokolovići near the town of Višegrad in Bosnia of Serbian parents.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pasha (1401 words)

	The Second Siege of Vienna (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Sultan gave the Pasha the standards of the Prophet, and with the Sultans blessings, Kara Mustafa Pasha was the Supreme Commander of the Army.
		Kara Mustafa Pasha made a special tent for himself in the very center of encampment, and it was basically the “city hall of the mini-city”.
		Kara Mustafa’s confidence was so high that the city would be taken before any attacks, that not even the slightest consideration of being attack by the rear was planned.
	www.atalay.us /Vienna (3684 words)

	MSN Encarta - Ottoman Empire
		This led to a period in Ottoman history known as “the Sultanate of the Women.” During this period the political impact of the harem was felt and the mothers of young sultans exercised power in the name of their sons.
		His successor, Kara Mustafa Pasha, worried Europe further when the Ottoman army in 1683 appeared for the second time before the gates of Vienna.
		Mustafa Kemal, who was in Anatolia, organized the resistance against the Greeks (and later against the British and the French).
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761553949/Ottoman_Empire.html (6083 words)

	Battle of Vienna - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Turks, commanded by Pasha Kara Mustafa, numbered approximately 140,000 men, although a large number of them played no part in the battle.
		Kara Mustafa solved that problem by ordering his forces to dig long lines of trenches directly toward the city to help protect them from the defenders as they advanced toward it.
		Mustafa's men had managed to take part of the walls of Vienna by exploding mines under them, but he inexplicably did not make dispositions to defend against Sobieski even after learning of his arrival.
	www.pineville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Battle_of_Vienna (753 words)

	The Ottoman Empire in the Seventeenth Century
		Mustafa once again proved his incompetence and after fifteen months (1622-23) was deposed in favor of the twelve-year-old Murad IV - one of Ahmed's younger sons.
		Kara Mustafa Pasha, the next Grand Vizier launched the fateful attack on Vienna that led to the rout of Turkish forces in Europe and his own execution (December 1683).
		Mustafa II was energetic and committed to retrieving the Turks' military fortunes.
	history.wisc.edu /sommerville/351/ottomans.htm (888 words)

	KARA MUSTAFA - LoveToKnow Article on KARA MUSTAFA
		The plan was foiled-in part by his own lack of military skill, but chiefly through the heroic resistance of Vienna and its timely relief by John Sobieski, king of Poland.
		Kara Mustafa paid for his defeat with his life; he was beheaded at Belgrade in 1683 and his head was brought to the sultan on a silver dish.
		He was severe, but just and impartial, and strove to effect necessary reforms by reducing the numbers of the Janissaries, improving the coinage, and checking the state expenditure.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /K/KA/KARA_MUSTAFA.htm (281 words)

	Kara Mustafa -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In contemporary (A religious person who believes Jesus is the Christ and who is a member of a Christian denomination) Christian sources, Mustafa is universally described as both greedy and villainous.
		After distinguishing himself, Mustafa became a vizier in his own right, and by 1663, commander of the Ottoman Grand Fleet of the (An arm of the Mediterranean between Greece and Turkey; a main trade route for the ancient civilizations of Crete and Greece and Rome and Persia) Aegean Sea.
		On December 25, 1683, Kara Mustafa was executed in (Capital and largest city of Yugoslavia) Belgrade by the order of the commander of the (Click link for more info and facts about Janissaries) Janissaries.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/K/Ka/Kara_Mustafa.htm (418 words)

	OZTURKLER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Since most of his life was passed in the fronts, his peer and his sister’s husband, Kara Mustafa Pasha had been the head official (deputy grand vizier) in his place for long years.
		Mustafa Pasha started to besiege Vienna, the capital city of the German empire after 154 years pursuant to the its blockade by Kanuni (14th July 1683).
		When the Chief Commander came to Budin (Budapest) (22nd September), the Vizier Kara Mehmed Pasha defeated the Polish King, Sobiesky who was the chief commander of the allied forces in Cigerdelen pitched battle —within the lands of today’s Czechoslovakia- (7th October).
	www.ozturkler.com /data_english/0003/0003_12_11.htm (1895 words)

	PS Wiki Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Mehmet IV authorized Kara Mustafa Pasha to operate as far as GyÅ‘r (Turkish: YanÄ±kkale, German: Raab) and Komarom (Turkish: Komaron, German: Komorn) castles, both in northwestern Hungary, and to besiege them.
		Kara Mustafa Pasha solved that problem by ordering his forces to dig long lines of trenches directly toward the city to help protect them from the defenders as they advanced toward it.
		Kara Mustafa Pasha had managed to take part of the walls of Vienna by exploding mines under them, entrusting the defence of rear to Khan of Crimea and its cavalry force numbered about 30,000.
	70.84.119.226 /~puresear/PSWiki/index.php?title=Battle_of_Vienna (1273 words)

	Battle of Vienna Information - TextSheet.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The battle, which took place on September 12, 1683 pitted a large Austrian and German army of about 100,000 troops and their allies, a 30,000-man relief force under Jan Sobieski, King of Poland, against their Turkish besiegers.
		The Turks, commanded by Pasha Kara Mustafa, numbered approximately 140,000 men, although a large portion of them played no part in the battle.
		The two nations had been embroiled in conflict for more than 150 years, and Mustafa's assault was an attempt to put a final end to this.
	www.search-mesothelioma.com /encyclopedia/b/ba/battle_of_vienna.html (542 words)

	Turkey Istanbul History - Ottoman Empire Complexes
		It was initiated by Merzifonlu Pasha in 1681 and after his death was completed by his son Damat Ali Paþa in 1690.
		It was built by Architect Haci Mustafa and Ömer Aga in 1 734.
		Sultan Mahmud I had it initiated in 1748 and it was completed by Architect Mustafa Aga and Foreman Simon in 1755 during the period of Osman III.
	www.bigglook.com /biggtraveleng/history/ottomancomplex01.html (338 words)

	kara mustafa pasha, an article by peter davis, coventry, england, uk -- Learn Turkish, learn turkish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha was described by a Turkish friend as "not a nice man" -- and further reading supports that conclusion.
		Mustafa's nickname of Kara (fl) is generally agreed to refer to his swarthy complexion and he is reputed to have been good-looking.
		Mehmet Köprülü died and his son Fazil Ahmed Köprülü became Grand Vezir and KM became Kapudan Pasha, commander of the Imperial Fleet in the Aegean.
	www2.egenet.com.tr /mastersj/kara-mustafa-pasha-by-peter-davis.html (1705 words)

	Pasha, Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa -
		Pasha was born near Marinca, the son of a cavalry officer with good family connections named Derwish Beg, Urudj Beg or Hasan Beg.
		At some point, probably as a teenager, he was taken as a foster child or protégé of the Köprülü family, the head of which was probably his father's commanding officer.
		Kara Mustafa was then appointed grand admiral of the fleet and deputy grand vizier and a confidant of the sultan.
	famous.adoption.com /famous/pasha-merzifonlu-kara-mustafa.html (394 words)

	Bambooweb: Pasha
		Pasha (Turkish spelling: paşa; also pascha, bashaw) was a high rank in the Ottoman Empire, typically given to governors and generals.
		Pasha is also the diminutive form of the Russian given name Pavel.
		Pasha is made of a mixture of dairy products, often spiced with almonds and raisins.
	www.bambooweb.com /articles/p/a/Pasha.html (110 words)

	illustrated ottoman empire encyclopedia of habibullah (sultan, topkapi, ottoman, palace, harem, eunuch, history, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Kara Mustafa's appointment as Grand Vizier interrupted the 'dynastic rule' of the highly competent (often ruthless) Köprülü family of Grand Viziers -- begun in 1656 with the appointment of Mehmet Köprülü, when he was already 80 years old!
		When the acemi Grand Vizier Ibrahim (1523-1536) was learning the ropes, his teacher Celal-zade Mustafa Bey (who had been a scribe for the former Grand Vizier, Piri Mehmed Paşa) wrote, "If the business related to 'religious law' we'd send it to the 'kazasker', if it was about property issues, we'd assign it to the 'defterdar'.
		In 1662, when Osman II failed to read the angry mood of the Janissary Corps, he was deposed (and later assassinated) -- and Mustafa I took the throne again.
	www2.egenet.com.tr /mastersj/encyclopedia-k.html (4151 words)

	Architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It was built in 1666 by Kara Mustafa Pasha who was born in Merzifon.
		The mosque was built by Yörgüç Rüstem Pasha in the 15th century with rubbles.
		It is located in Mehmet Pasha District, near-by the Pirinççi Street and it was constructed by Mehmet Pasha the Manservant of Sultan Beyazıd II's son Sheikh Ahmed in 1486.
	www.amasya.gov.tr /amasya/mosque.html (1375 words)

	MEHMED IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Pasha was planning to re-establish the navy and to conquer the island of Kyrete he also devised a new budget.
		Mustafa Pasha declared Emeric Thokely king to the central Hungry.
		Mustafa Pasha was waiting for a fatal attack but the Pope sent the King of Poland to Vienna to defend the city.>
	www.sevgi.k12.tr /~ottomanempire/ingosmanli/Sultans/dorduncu_mehmet_government.htm (739 words)

	Ottoman complexes in Istanbul
		Upon death of Kara Ahmet Pasha, it remained incomplete and was completed between 1555-1558.
		It was built by Architect Sinan in the midst of l6th century.
		Zal Mahmud Pasha had Architect Sinan built it in the midst of the l6th century.
	www.turizm.net /cities/istanbul/ottomancomplex.html (978 words)

	wiki/Kara Mustafa Definition / wiki/Kara Mustafa Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Europe is bounded to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the west by the Atlantic Ocean, to the south by the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea, and to the east by the Ural Mountains and the Caspian Sea (for more detailed description see Geography of Europe)....
		On December 25, 1683, Kara Mustafa was executed in Belgrade by the order of the commander of the JanissariesThe Janissaries (or janizaries; in Turkish: Yeniçeri, meaning New Troops) comprised infantry units that formed the Ottoman sultan's household troops and bodyguard.
		The force originated in the 14th century; it was abolished (and massacred) by Sultan Mahmud II in 1826....
	www.elresearch.com /wiki/Kara_Mustafa (1479 words)

	Turkey History - Ottoman Empire Medresses and Libraries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Rustem Pasha (1550) madrassah is pointed out as an example among madrassahs of single building.
		It is observed that decoration in library architecture densifies in the l8th century Libraries such as Feyzullah Efendi in Fatih, Sehit Ali Pasha in Vefa (1715), Mahmut I in Ayasofya and Atif Efendi in Vefa are the examples of this kind.
		The Library Mustafa Efendi had made in Sultanhamam (1741 and 1742) is converted to a business place.
	www.biggtravel.com /history/medresse.html (286 words)

	Turkism and Tatarism: Ottoman Empire and the Crimean Khanate
		But the commander-in-chief, Kara Mustafa Pasha rejected this demand with his insulting words in his large sumptuous tent in front of Vienna.
		Kara Mustafa had an arrogant character that did not accept any opinions of the other commanders with his insulting words.
		Kara Mustafa executed the old Buda Pasha in order to blame another person with the charge of the defeat and then dismissed Murad Giray.
	www.ozturkler.com /data_english/0007/0007_05_05_3.htm (789 words)

	Ottoman Complexes
		Kilic Ali Pasha Complex: It is situated in the Topkapi Square.
		Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha Complex: It is situated in Divanyolu street.
		Laleli Complex: It was initiated in Laleli in 1759 in the period of Mustafa III and completed in 1763.
	www.magnificenttravel.com /otoman-complexes.html (1223 words)

	Pasha Details, Meaning Pasha Article and Explanation Guide
		Pashas are of three grades, formerly distinguished by the number of horse-tails (three, two and one respectively) which they were entitled to display as symbols of authority when on campaign.
		A pasbalik is a province governed by or under the jurisdiction of a pasha.
		The word is variously derived from the Persian padshah, Turkish padishah, equivalent to king or emperor, and from the Turkish bash, in some dialects pash, a head, chief, etc. In old Turkish there was no fixed distinction between b and p.
	www.e-paranoids.com /p/pa/pasha.html (319 words)

	Ali Pasha - InformationBlast
		Ali Pasha (1741 - January 24, 1822, Monastery of Pandelimonos (near Ioaninna)), the Lion of Janina, was born to a powerful clan from Tepelenë (in modern Albania) and spent much of his youth as a bandit.
		Ali Pasha refused and put up a formidable resistance that Britain's Lord Byron immortalized in poems and letters.
		He then turned on Mustafa Pasha, who surrendered and spent the rest of his life as an official in Constantinople.
	www.informationblast.com /Ali_Pasha.html (226 words)

	Articles - Pasha (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		As an honorary title, "Pasha" is roughly equivalent to "Sir".
		Ottoman authorities conferred the title upon both Muslims and Christian without distinction, and frequently gave it to foreigners in the service of the Turks or of the Egyptians.
		Etymologists variously derive the word pasha from the Persian padshah, Turkish padishah, equivalent to "king" or "emperor", and from the Turkish bash (in some dialects pash), a "head", "chief", etc.
	www.kimia-sains.com /articles/Pasha (348 words)

	Kara Mustafa
		But on September 12, 1683, the Austrians and their Polish allies under King III Sobieski">Jan Sobieski took advantage of Mustafa's poor disposition of his troops and won the Battle of Vienna with a devastating flank attack led by Sobieski's Polish cavalry.
		All is still licensed under the GNU FDL.
		Many of those who appear to have all of the desired failures, while on the other hand, some of the most unlikely men rise.
	www.termsdefined.net /ka/kara-mustafa.html (560 words)

	Encyclopedia: Kara Mustafa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
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		A timariot (or timar holder; timarlu in Turkish) was an irregular cavalryman that served the Ottoman sultan and in return was granted a fief called a timar.
		December 25 is the 359th day of the year (360th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 6 days remaining.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Kara-Mustafa (1428 words)

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