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Topic: Karachay

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	KARACHAY MALKAR
		Karachay and Malkar Turks that had lived under the domination of the Turkish states founded in the region until 1800s had to get under the dominion of the Russians in accordance with the Belgrade Agreement that was concluded as a result of the Ottoman-Russian war between the years of 1806-1812.
		Karachay people rebelled again as result of the Russian efforts toward the obligatory collectivisation in Karachay Autonomous Region in 1926 and the collective kolkhoz farms that were made in a forcible manner in 1932-1934.
		The distribution of the population is as follows: Karachay people with the rate of 31%, Russians with the rate of 42%, Adige with the rate of 10%, Abazins with the rate of 7%, Nogay Turks with the rate of 3%, and the others with the rate of 7%.
	www45.brinkster.com /karachaymalkar/karachaymalkarturks.htm (1759 words)

	Karachay Cherkess Republic: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		The population consists of Russians (40%), Karachay (31%), and Cherkess (10%).
		In 1924 it was divided into the Karachay Autonomous Region and the Cherkess National Area; the latter became an autonomous region in 1928 (see Circassia).
		In 1943 the Karachay, accused of collaborating with the Germans in World War II, were deported to Siberia, and their autonomous region was abolished.
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/karachay-cherkess-republic.jsp (674 words)

	MAR \| Data \| Chronology for Karachay in Russia
		The Karachay parliament declares the territory's sovereignty as the Soviet Socialist Republic of Karachay.
		Karachay and Russian officials meet and reach an agreement to diffuse political and ethnic tensions in the republic, in part by scheduling elections to local and republic-level representative bodies.
		The head of Karachay -Cherkessia, Vladimir Semenov, formally announced that the new bodies of power in Karachay -Cherkessia were being formed on the basis of equal representation for all ethnic groups populating the republic, but that personnel was not selected according to their ethnicity and personal loyalty.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /mar/chronology.asp?groupId=36511 (3855 words)

	The Karachay
		The Karachay came under Russia's control in 1828 and many left for Turkey after the land reform of the 1870s which gave the Karachay land to tsarist officials.
		Administrative units after the Revolution: Karachayevo Okrug (1920), Karachayevo-Cherkessiya AO (1922); Karachayevo Oblast (1926) had 55,000 Karachais and was liquidated in 1943 in connection with Stalin's deportations of the Karachay to Central Asia and Kazakhstan (tens of thousands died).
		In 1991, the Karachay were completely rehabilitated and the AO assumed the status of autonomous republic.
	russia.rin.ru /guides_e/5023.html (328 words)

	MAR \| Data \| Assessment for Karachay in Russia
		The increase of radical Islamic activity in the region associated with ethnic Karachay and the response to this by Russian authorities may now be of greater concern vis-à-vis increased risk for conflagration.
		The Karachay are mountain people, closely related to the Balkars and Abkhaz, and less closely to the Nogai and Kumyk of Dagestan.
		Further displacement occurred in 1943, when the Karachay were accused of collaborating with the Nazis and deported by Stalin to Siberia and Central Asia.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /mar/assessment.asp?groupId=36511 (1046 words)

	Chechnya Weekly from the Jamestown Foundation
		On the contrary, the Soviet authorities always considered Karachays to be a threat to stability in the region, and it was precisely for this reason that the Karachays (approximately 63,000 of them) were exiled to the Central Asian steppes on November 3, 1943.
		Concurrently, the Karachays used the size of their community to become entrenched in all of the power structures on par with the Russians, who had also competed for managerial and administrative positions in the republic.
		Karachay representatives were among the activists who were the first to respond to the call to organize a unified opposition structure in the form of the Islamic Party of Revival.
	www.jamestown.org /chechnya_weekly/article.php?articleid=2373443 (3458 words)

	Karachay on the web
		The Karachays were driven into the highlands of the North Caucasus by Mongol tribes in the 13th century.
		Their territory was annexed by the Russian Empire in 1828 but they continued to resist Russian rule throughout the 19th century.
		In contrast to the other smaller Caucasian groups, the Karachai are more outgoing, a trait which has contributed to the secularization among this Islamic people.
	kcr.narod.ru /karachay.html (414 words)

	Karachay-Cherkessia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was split into Karachay Autonomous Oblast and Cherkess National District on April 26, 1926.
		In 1943, Karachay Autonomous Oblast was abolished and the Karachay population was deported to Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan accused in collaboration with the Nazis.
		When Vladimir Semyonov, a Karachay, won the election over Stanislav Derev, a Circassian, there were protests by supporters of Derev, with widespread allegations of fraud.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Karachay-Cherkessia (664 words)

	Kommersant - Russia's Daily Online
		The activities of the institute are based on the study of the historical and modern-day state of scientific and cultural development of the peoples of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic.
		One of the main lines of investigation is the study of sociocultural processes and factors affecting the preservation of the cultural forms of various ethnic groups and development of a cultural dialog and using this as a basis to preserve interethnic accord in the republic.
		The first studies of the history of Karachay, Cherkessian, Abazian, and Nogai literature were generated through the efforts of A.N. Karaeva (Candidate of Philology), L.A. Bekizova (Doctor of Philology), V.B. Tugov (Candidate of Philology), and Sh.A. Kurmangulova.
	www.kommersant.com /tree.asp?rubric=5&node=442&doc_id=-98 (2015 words)

	Karachay/Balkar
		Balkars and Karachays belong to the Turk nationalities living the most high in the mountains.
		The territory of Balkaria and Karachai abounds in mountain-masses, woods, fertile valleys and Alpine meadows.
		Since arable lands were scarce in Balkaria and Karachai, agriculture did not play as important role as cattle breeding in their economy.
	members.fortunecity.com /temujin87/karachay.htm (1154 words)

	Chechnya Weekly from the Jamestown Foundation
		Like other jamaats, the Karachay jamaat’s main attacks are directed against the official Muslim clergy in the republic, who are viewed by jamaat members as traitors serving in opposition to the interests of the people and Islam.
		Even today, the Karachay jamaat remains part of the Caucasian Front, and in its periodic press releases and statements its members regularly stress their unity with those who are fighting against the Russian army elsewhere in the North Caucasus.
		Another equally significant factor is that the Karachay jamaat operates in a republic in which Russians form the largest portion of the population.
	www.jamestown.org /chechnya_weekly/article.php?articleid=2373458 (3263 words)

	THE REPUBLIC OF KARACHAY-CHERKESSIA
		The Karachai were driven into the highlands of the North Caucasus by Mongol tribes in the 13th century.
		The Karachai and Cherkess Autonomous Oblasts were merged to form the Karachai-Cherkess Autonomous Oblast in accordance with Stalin's strategy of joining unrelated ethnic groups into administrative units to divide and conquer any resistance.
		Circassian (And Abaza) Toponyms In The Karachay Cherkess Republic
	www.circassianworld.com /Karachay-Cherkessia.html (570 words)

	About Karachay
		The history of the earliest inhabitants of this land - the Karachay, the Circassians, the Abazini and the Nogai.
		Another authoritative view is that the name is connected with Karcha, the legendary ancestor of all the Karachay.
		The Mingrelians call the Karachay 'ALANS' to this day, and the people who live here still address their friends with the word 'ALAN!' (this eventually came to mean friend).
	www.geocities.com /karachayli/karhis.html (534 words)

	The Karachays
		The material, available in science, proves, that the karachays and balkars on Northern Caucasus live already more than 5 thousand years.
		The territory of Karachay was attached to the Russian empire of October 21, 1828, that has reduced in resettlement of a part the Karachays in Turkey, in particular(personally), large resettlement in 1860-70 aa.
		On false charge, November 2, 1943, the karachays deportations in Kazakhstan and Central Asia have exposed.
	karachays.narod.ru /english/mainang.html (320 words)

	CAUCASUS
		November 1943 the Karachay Autonomous Region had been abolished and all Karachay people had been deported from Caucasus to steppes of Central Asia and Siberia.
		Karachay was the first people who deported from Caucasus.
		After Karachay people had returned to Caucasus, the Soviet government did not establish the former Karachay Autonomous Region but unified it with Cherkess Autonomous Region and established a new Karachay-Cherkess Autonomous Region in Stavropol Kray (province).
	caucasus.8k.com /tension.htm (1253 words)

	HUNMAGYAR.ORG - TURAN - KARACHAY-CHERKESSIA
		In 1928, the Cherkess AO was reestablished, and later the Cherkess were combined with the ethnically distinct Karachay in the Karachay- Cherkess AO.
		Karachay-Cherkessia was occupied by the Germans from 1943 to 1944, and when the Red Army recaptured the area, Stalin decided that the Turkic peoples had been disloyal.
		Many Karachay were deported, accused of collaborating with the Germans.
	www.hunmagyar.org /turan/caucasus/karach.html (1143 words)

	Circassië
		They were accused by Stalin of collaboration with the invading German Nazi Armies and for this reason first the Karachays in November 1943 and Balkars in March 1944 were deported, along with the Chechens, Ingush, Volga Germans, Meskhetians, Kalymuks and the Crieman Tartars, to the steppes of Central Asia.
		Consequently the Karachay National Oblast and the Balkar part of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria was abolished.
		In Karachay's case their lands were taken away and they had to rebuild their lives from the scratch.
	www.amarcord.be /georgia/circas01.html (1866 words)

	Caucasus Foundation
		They were accused by Stalin of collaboration with the invading German Nazi Armies and for this reason first the Karachays in November 1943 and Balkars in March 1944 were deported, along with the Chechens, Ingush, Volga Germans, Meskhetians, Kalymuks and the Crieman Tartars, to the steppes of Central Asia.
		Consequently the Karachay National Oblast and the Balkar part of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria was abolished.
		In Karachay's case their lands were taken away and they had to rebuild their lives from the scratch.
	www.kafkas.org.tr /english/tarih/circassian_karachai_essay_.html (2669 words)

	The Unreached Peoples Prayer Profiles
		The Karachay live in the Karachai-Cherkess districts and surrounding areas of southwestern Russia.
		Rural Karachay women take pride in their long, thick hair, but always keep their heads covered with scarves when in public.
		The Karachay have portions of the Bible written in their language, and two missions agencies are currently working among them.
	kcm.co.kr /bethany_eng/p_code6/1941.html (819 words)

	Karachay-Cherkessia
		Republic in the southwestern Russian Federation, part of Stavropol territory; area 14,100 sq km/5,444 sq mi; population (1996) 436,000 (46% urban) (42% Russian, 31% Karachay).
		In 1926 it was divided into the Karachayev Autonomous Oblast and a Circassian Autonomous Okrug, the latter being raised to the status of the Cherkess Autonomous Oblast in 1928.
		In 1943 the oblast was liquidated and the Karachays deported to various parts of Central Asia and Kazakhstan.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0045746.html (274 words)

	Ural Mountains Radiation Pollution
		Through intentional dumping of nuclear waste into the Techa River and Lake Karachay, an explosion at a nuclear waste storage tank in 1957, and the spread of irradiated sediments from Lake Karachay in 1967, Mayak has come to be known as the most polluted place on Earth.
		The lake was situated on the MCC grounds and was seen as a suitable alternative to Techa because it was an enclosed body of water.
		At one point there was a 40 mile layer of dark foam over one section of the river (at this time, the fish in the lake went blind.) Not until radiation was detected in the Arctic waters of northern Russia did the government force changes.
	www.american.edu /projects/mandala/TED/ural.htm (3630 words)

	...::: KAFKASYA - CAUCASUS :::... < www.kafkas.gen.tr ...
		Karça, Karca, Karaçay, Karachay, Karachai, Balkar, Malkar, Caucasian, Caucasus, Kafkasya, Kafkas, Circassian, Kabardin, Chechnya, Dagestan,
		Akhkobek (Karachay): This family is different from the Balkar Akhkobek family and their origin is Abazin.
		One is Karachay, one is Balkar and the other is Osset in origin.
	www.kafkas.gen.tr /english/ethnic_unity.htm (1167 words)

	Lake Karachay (Site not responding. Last check: )
		From 1949 to 1951 medium- and high-level radioactive waste was discharged directly into the river Techa system, which flows via the river Ob into the Kara Sea.
		When this ceased in 1951 the medium- and high-level waste was discharged into a small swampy lake, KARACHAY, covering less than ½ km2 in area, inside the complex.
		A twentieth of the activity is in the water phase having a concentration of about 0.5 TBq/m3, whereas the remainder is found in the lake sediments.
	www.kose.ee /nucbasic/nucpedia/uk/lake.htm (155 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Europe \| Country profiles \| Regions and territories: Karachay-Cherkessia
		The Cherkess are ethnically and culturally related to the Kabarda and Adygey peoples and the Karachay to the Balkars.
		In 1943 the Karachay people were deported to Central Asia for alleged collaboration with the Nazis.
		A Karachay, Mr Batdyyev was born in Kazakhstan in 1950.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/5381570.stm (670 words)

	Karachays - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		They often fuse pre-Islamic pagan traditions with that of Islam.
		Traditional weapons, pen and ink, and the Holy Qur'an The sign in Karachay: "God defend Karachay..."
		They have strong historically developed traditions and customs, which are regulating the different aspects of life: wedding, funeral, pronouncement of family decisions, etc. They will never offend their guest and still keeping distinct attitude to woman.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Karachay (680 words)

	Karachay-Cherkessia travel guide - Wikitravel
		Karachay-Cherkessia is named for the Karachay, a Turkic people, and the Cherkess, the group from which "Circassians" get their name.
		The Karachay speak Karachay-Balkar, a Turkic language; the Cherkess speak Cherkess, a dialect of Kabardian.
		Visitors may count their blessings that all are fluent in Russian.
	wikitravel.org /en/Karachay-Cherkessia (243 words)

	Karachay people (Russia)
		The Karachay flag comprises 8 red stars in a circle on a yellow field.
		The design and colouring suggests it is related to the Cherkess flag.
		This flag is listed under number 106 at the chart Flags of Aspirant Peoples [eba94] as: «Karachay Republic (Karachays) - North Caucasus, Russia».
	www.allstates-flag.com /fotw/flags/ru-kara.html (61 words)

	Lake Karachay Totally Explained
		We're sorry, we checked all 4 million or so documents in our database but we totally couldn't find the article Lake Karachay.
		If you got here through following a link on this site, it may be that the article is still awaiting creation by the data provider.
		Unlike a general engine, our search is designed for articles rather than full text.
	lake_karachay.totallyexplained.com (232 words)

	Russian Courier // Information //
		Russians represent about 40 percent of the republic’s population; Karachays represent about 30 percent; Cherkess — about 10 percent; and Abazins — about 7 percent.
		The Karachays speak Karachay-Balkar, a Western Turkic language.
		Both the Karachay and Cherkess peoples are Muslims.
	www.russiancourier.com /en/info/geography/48542 (514 words)

	KARACHAY
		Spoken by 236,000 people in the republic of Karachay-Cherkessia.
		NOTE: Karachay and Balkar are almost identical languages.
		Source: "Luka djazg'an Syyily Indjil" The Gospel of Luke in Karachay (1999)
	www.christusrex.org /www1/pater/JPN-karachay.html (58 words)

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