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Topic: Karaim

	The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire
		The Karaim language lost ground as a common spoken language, although as a written language it came to be used more widely owing to the emergence of a distinctly profane literature.
		Spoken Karaim is a mixture of Karaim and the predominant language of the neighbourhood.
		Karaim scriptural texts continued to be published in the 19th and the early 20th centuries, together with a smatter of original and translated profane literature, including some periodicals (in Vilnius, Moscow, Panevezhys, Lutsk).
	www.eki.ee /books/redbook/karaims.shtml (0 words)

	Karaim Turks of Lithuania - Turkish Daily News Mar 16, 2006
		The Karaims increasingly engaged in agriculture and horticulture, horse breeding and different handicrafts and gradually came to constitute a middle class between the aristocracy and the framers who tilled the soil.
		When the Karaim center was moved from Baghdad to Jerusalem, the religion began spreading through missionary activities to the Turkic-speaking peoples on the Crimean peninsula and the steppes of the lower Volga region.
		The Karaim school was converted into an apartment building and the “kenesa” built in Vilnius during the period of Lithuanian independence became a warehouse.
	www.turkishdailynews.com.tr /article.php?enewsid=38284 (0 words)

	Karaim Publications
		Romualdas Firkovi¸cius, "Lietuvos karaim‰u rankra¸s¸ciai" ('Karaim manuscripts in Lithuania'), Orientas, '1 (Vilnius 1991), pp.
		Karina Firkavi¸ciüt“e, "I¸s karaim‰u apeigin“es tautosakos" ('On the ritual folklore of the Karaims').
		A prayer in Karaim for the reconsecration of Vilnius kenesa on 14.10.
	www.euronet.nl /users/sota/karaim21.htm (578 words)

	Universitas Helsingiensis
		An important study of the demography of the Karaims was published in Lithuanian and English in connection with the celebrations.
		Later in the afternoon the Karaim museum was reopened after careful restoration, and a memorial tablet fixed on the wall of the house of the former religious leader, scholar and poet Simonas Firkovicius (1897-1982) was unveiled.
		Karaimai Lietuvoje - Karaims in Lithuania (Statistikos departamentas prie Lietuvos Respublikos Vyriausybes.
	www.helsinki.fi /lehdet/uh/198j.html (1756 words)

	New Life in Karaim Communities
		The Karaites and the Karaims, in particular, have remained a borderland indeed.
		Karina Firkaviciute, "Is karaimu apeigines tautosakos"('On the ritual folklore of the Karaims').
		With the exception of two hundred Austrian Karaims in Halicz (Galic), the entire Karaim population lived at that time within the boundaries of the Empire, in the Crimea, Lithuania, the city of Luck (Luck) in the Ukraine as well as in the chief cities of the country (Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kiev, Odessa).
	www.hf-fak.uib.no /institutter/smi/paj/Harviainen.html (3744 words)

	New Life in Karaim Communities
		Romualdas Firkovicius, "Lietuvos karaimu rankrasciai" ('Karaim manuscripts in Lithuania'), Orientas, '1 (Vilnius 1991), pp.
		Karina Firkaviciute, "Is karaimu apeigines tautosakos"('On the ritual folklore of the Karaims').
		A prayer in Karaim for the reconsecration of Vilnius kenesa on 14.10.
	www.smi.uib.no /paj/Harviainen.html (0 words)

	Turkic-Uralic-Slavic Language Contacts, 11.15.1997
		The functional domain of the Karaim language is restricted to everyday conversational situations in the family and with a few Karaim friends.
		Karaim also plays an important role in the religious practice, since songs and prayers are both in Karaim and Hebrew.
		Karaim speakers were trained in writing and reading Karaim, but their access to written literature is scarce.
	www.tooyoo.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp /activities/nov1997/eva.html (800 words)

	Karaim Home Page
		Although the Karaite reformation never became a mass movement, an ethnic mixture of Alans, Cumans and a number of Turkic Kipchak tribes in Crimea and northern steppes of Black Sea, as well as the ruling junta of Khazaria (not all the Khazars) converted to Karaism.
		Prince Bulan, the ruling Khagan of the Turkish Khazar Empire (not the whole Khazar population) was converted to Karaism by Isaac Sangari, whose grave is in the Karaim cemetery, Balti timez, in Josophate valley of Chufut-Kale (Qirq Yer) in Bakhchisarai, Crimea.
		The Case of Karaim in Lithuania and the Ukraine by Éva Ágnes Csató
	www.turkiye.net /sota/karaim.html (0 words)

	News \| Gainesville.com \| The Gainesville Sun \| Gainesville, Fla. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Karaim language (Crimean dialect: къарай тили, Trakai dialect: karaj tili) is a Turkic language with Hebrew influences, in a similar manner to Yiddish or Ladino.
		It is spoken by Crimean Karaites (also known as Karaims and Qarays) - ethnic Turkic adherents of Karaite Judaism in Crimea, Lithuania, Poland and western Ukraine.
		In Crimea Karaim is written in Cyrillic script, while in Trakai a variant of the Latin alphabet is in use.
	www.gainesville.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Karaim_language (217 words)

	Project Karaim (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Karaim is a member of the Kypchak branch of the Turkic language family.
		Karaim today is a severely endangered language spoken only by very few aged speakers in two small minority communities.
		The subject of the present project is the documentation and linguistic analysis of the spoken varieties of both dialects of Karaim on the basis of extensive field work among the remaining speakers.
	www.uni-koeln.de /phil-fak/ifl/asw/forschung/projekte/karaim_e.html (277 words)

	Karaim language
		The Karaim language is a Turkic language with Hebrew influences, in a similar manner to Yiddish or Ladino.
		The Lithuanian dialect of Karaim is spoken mainly in the town of Trakai (also known as Troki) by a small community.
		Trakai is a former capital of Lithuania, and Karaites were brought here by the Duke in the Middle Ages to defend the castle.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/k/ka/karaim_language.html (170 words)

	New Life in Karaim Communities
		During the Soviet period the kenesa in Trakai, Lithuania, was the only Karaim "synagogue" that was open in the Soviet Union, instruction in religious topics was forbidden, and religious literature was represented by a number of old books published in pre-Bolshevik times.
		The scholarly orthography is very precise; the ordinary readers, however, considered it to be too intricate and deviating from the "normal" spelling habits of the local languages.
		The Karaim language has been employed as a vehicle of literature since the 15th century; the first book printed in (Crimean) Karaim was a prayer book published in Venice in 1528, see Ananiasz Zajaczkowski, "Die karaimische Literatur" (Philologiae Turcicae Fundamenta, Bd.
	www.hf-fak.uib.no /smi/paj/HarviainenD.html (3798 words)

	NPR : About the Series, Housing First
		Karaim's articles have appeared in The Washington Post, U.S. News and World Report, Fortune, USA WEEKEND, The Washington Monthly, and many other publications.
		In magazine articles, Karaim has written about public housing in Philadelphia, low-income housing assistance programs in the Texas hill country, and the scarcity of affordable housing nationwide.
		Karaim's novel, If Men Were Angels, was published by W.W. Norton in 1999 and was a selection in the Barnes and Noble Discover Great Young Writers series.
	www.npr.org /news/specials/housingfirst/about (0 words)

	Mangup - the lost world
		The Karaim believed tat the word of the Lord was to be found in Scripture but nowhere else, and that the additions of the Talmud were impious and decadent.
		The Karaim reached Crimea in the twelfth century, dislodged from Palestine and Egypt by the upheaval of the First Crusade.
		Catherine moved some of the Crimean Karaim to reinforce their old settlements in Lithuania; and in the huge new frontier province of Novorossiya (New Russia) in the south.
	www.mangup.bigyalta.net /eng/karaites.shtml (733 words)

	Khazar and Karay people
		The number of the people that adopted the Karaim Hebraism in the Khazar State was not so high as exaggerated by some historians such as Dunlop, etc. Therefore, it is not possible to state that all of the Hebrews in the Eastern Europe of today have come from the lineage of Khazar people.
		The word of Karaim was essentially a Hebrew word and it is the name of the Hebrew sect in the middle ages.
		We believe that it is more proper to use the word of Karaim when mentioning about the Hebrew sect in general and the word of Karay in singular form and the Karayım in plural form when mentioning about a specific Turkish tribe rather than a Sect.
	www.ozturkler.com /data_english/0008/0008_07_3.htm (1365 words)

	Karaite Trakai (Lithuania) by Zbigniew Kosc
		Trakai is inhabited by the Karaites (Karaimes) who settled here at the turn of 14th and 15th centuries.
		According to statistics issued in the Republic of Lithuania in 1989, 289 persons identified themselves as Karaims by nationality; of these 73 % considered the Karaim language to be their native language.
		The majority of the one hundred and fifty Karaims in Poland (Warszawa, Kraków, Gdansk) are relatives of the Lithuanian Karaims.
	www.zbigniewkosc.nl /Karaite (231 words)

	The Karaim
		Karaim are Jews who adhere only to the Tanach, i.e.
		The Karaim have a High Priest, a Kohen Gadol.
		Gerhard Falk is the author of numerous publications, including Football and American Identity (2005) and Youth Culture and the Generation Gap (2005) with Dr. Ursula A. Falk.
	www.jbuff.com /c111705.htm (0 words)

	GeoNative - Krimea - Crimea - Tatar - Karaim
		The population of Crimea was 2,550,000 in 1991, consisting of Russians (65%); Ukranians (22%); Crimean Tatars (10%); and Belorussians, Armenians, Greeks, Germans, and Karaims (3%).
		The Karaim are a non-talmudic Jewish group, and they were located mainly in Crimea, where they became turkicised in language.
		From Crimea, the Karaim spread to Poland, Lithuania and Ukraine.
	www.geocities.com /athens/9479/krim.html (570 words)

	Ryan Karaim: ZoomInfo Business People Information (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ryan E. Karaim specializes in insurance defense litigation, with an emphasis in personal injury, products liability, insurance coverage, trucking litigation, wrongful death and personal injury cases for the firm.
		Karaim has substantial trial experience in the state and federal courts of Missouri and Kansas in a wide range of areas, including the defense of personal injury claims, business torts, trucking cases, construction disputes, and coverage actions.
		Karaim received his Juris Doctor from Washburn University where he was on the editorial staff of the Law Review.
	www.zoominfo.com /directory/Karaim_Ryan_136045605.htm (417 words)

	Foundation For Endangered Languages.
		Karaim is an endangered Turkic language spoken only by an estimated 50 speakers mostly living in Lithuania.
		The sect of Karaism to which the Karaims have belonged since the eighth century is known as Anan ben David, a form of Judaism that acknowledges the Old Testament, but rejects the Talmud.
		The vocabulary of the Karaim language is strongly influenced by folklore, proverbs, riddles, and folk poetry, but lacks many abstract terms and has not expanded to incorporate words to express many scientific, technical, and philosophical concepts.
	www.ogmios.org /214.htm (4469 words)

	Culture of Karaims in Lithuania. Virtual Exhibition of Lithuanian Cultural Heritage.
		A rather inward-looking community life, firm moral principles based on the teachings of the Karaim religion, and steadfast adherence to tradition - all these things have contributed to the survival of the people, of their basic characteristics, such as language, customs, and rituals, and thus, of their national identity.
		What also helped the Karaims of Lithuania survive under difficult conditions was the tolerance and respect for them expressed during all those centuries not only in the everyday contacts between people but also in the official state documents of various periods.
		The consequences of that time, which are still felt today, make it much more difficult for people to "return to their roots," to the rhythms of their national life.
	alka.mch.mii.lt /Visuomene/Karaimai/trumpa.en.htm (382 words)

	Spoken Karaim CD : project description
		support the Karaim community in its efforts to maintain its language and pass the language to the younger generation
		Because Karaim is an endangered language, a multimedia resource can offer several particular benefits: real sound recordings from noted community members, a variety of cultural artefacts including images and songs, in a medium that is attractive and motivating to the younger generation.
		The CD will use a navigational metaphor based on the map of the Karaim street in Trakai, Lithuania.
	www3.aa.tufs.ac.jp /~djn/karaim/kCDProject.htm (241 words)

	Karaites in the Holocaust
		The main reason is that the Karaylar-Karaites spoke an ancient Tataric language called "Karaim" and the name "Karaylar" identified them as speakers of this language and bearers of the associated cultural heritage.
		The fact that the "Karaim" language is a Turkic dialect led Zajaczkowski to conclude that the Karaylar are a Turkic tribe.
		.It was said that the Karaim had passed somewhere (I had never heard the word before, but I realized that they must have been some sort of sect) old men in loose garments reaching their heels.
	karaites-beth-shalom.org /karaites_in_the_holocaust.htm (4965 words)

	Jew-to-Jew Debate--Beliefnet.com
		On interrogation, Crimean rabbis told the Germans that the Karaim were not Jews, in an effort to spare the Karaite community the fate of their Krymchak and Ashkenazi neighbors.
		According to a letter of September 27 1944, penned by Chancellor Gerhard Klopfer, an estimated 500-600 Crimean Karaim were fighting in the Wehrmacht, Waffen SS and Tatar Legion.
		Klopfer asked that until such a time as the exact racial origin of the Karaites could be determined, a list of all members of the sect be dilligently kept.
	www.beliefnet.com /boards/message_list.asp?pageID=5&discussionID=455471&messages_per_page=4 (423 words)

	The cave city at Chufut-Kaleh, Crimea
		In 1299 it was besieged and captured by the Tatars, who lived there until the 16th century, when they moved down the valley to Bakhchisarai.
		Over the centuries of Tatar rule Karaim artisans and merchants moved into the town, and remained there after the Tatars left - hence the town's name.
		The Crimean Karaim homepage defines Karaism as "Mosaism, an independent, non sectarian, monotheistic religion of Abraham.
	www.blacksea-crimea.com /Places/chufutKaleh1.html (301 words)

	Karaim —
		Based on which role you have, you get a selection of skins that you can switch between.
		The LINGUIST List is dedicated to providing information on language and language analysis, and to providing the discipline of linguistics with the infrastructure necessary to function in the digital world.
		Find and/or purchase publications on "Karaim" from Amazon.com.
	www.rosettaproject.org /archive/kdr (0 words)

	Beth Hatefutsoth - Related Links
		Karaim is the language of the Karaite community in Lithuania.
		Karaim is written in both the Cyrillic and Hebrew scripts.
		Kayla or Qwara was spoken in by the Beta Israel of Ethiopia.
	www.bh.org.il /Links/JewishLangs.asp (2795 words)

	Karaites in the Holocaust
		"The most important evidence of the ethnogenesis of the Karaims (sic!) is provided by their language. The language used and spoken by the Karaims does point...
		The fact that the "Karaim" language is a Turkic dialect led Zajaczkowski to conclude that the Karaylar are a Turkic tribe. Zajaczkowski also pointed to the fact that the Karaylar cultural traditions and folklore are Turkic as evidence for their Turkic origins:
		Karaim missionaries reached the kaganate in 8 – 10 cent.
	www.karaite-korner.org /holocaust.htm (2260 words)

	Spoken Karaim CD : project description (Site not responding. Last check: )
		May 2001: The Spoken Karaim CD-ROM is now in limited distribution as a Beta publication.
		The CD uses a navigational metaphor based on the map of the Karaim street in Trakai, Lithuania.
		The project draws upon the materials collected by Eva Agnes Csato during a three year project funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft at the University of Cologne.
	www.dnathan.com /language/karaim/kcdproject.htm (298 words)

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