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Topic: Karaim language

	The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire
		The Karaim language lost ground as a common spoken language, although as a written language it came to be used more widely owing to the emergence of a distinctly profane literature.
		Spoken Karaim is a mixture of Karaim and the predominant language of the neighbourhood.
		Karaim scriptural texts continued to be published in the 19th and the early 20th centuries, together with a smatter of original and translated profane literature, including some periodicals (in Vilnius, Moscow, Panevezhys, Lutsk).
	www.eki.ee /books/redbook/karaims.shtml (2180 words)

	Etymologie, Étymologie, Etymology, Etimologija - LT Litauen, la Lituanie, Lithuania, Lietuvos Respublika - Sprache, ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		ethnologue - Karaim - Language of LT (E3)(L1) http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=kdr
		ethnologue - Karaite - Language of LT (E3)(L1) http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=kdr
		ethnologue - Trakay - Language of LT (E3)(L1) http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=kdr
	www.etymologie.info /~e/l_/lt-sprach.html (358 words)

	Britain.tv Wikipedia - Karaim language
		The Karaim language (Crimean dialect: ÐºÑÐ°ÑÐ°Ð¹ ÑÐ¸Ð»Ð¸, Trakai dialect: karaj tili) is a Turkic language with Hebrew influences, in a similar manner to Yiddish or Ladino.
		In Crimea Karaim is written in Cyrillic script, while in Trakai a variant of the Latin alphabet is in use.
		The Lithuanian dialect of Karaim is spoken mainly in the town of Trakai (also known as Troki) by a small community.
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=Karaim_language (250 words)

	Karaim Home Page
		It is recorded in the 13th century that the Karaim congregation practised in Solkhat, the capital city of the Crimean Tatars.
		Prince Bulan, the ruling Khagan of the Turkish Khazar Empire (not the whole Khazar population) was converted to Karaism by Isaac Sangari, whose grave is in the Karaim cemetery, Balti timez, in Josophate valley of Chufut-Kale (Qirq Yer) in Bakhchisarai, Crimea.
		The Case of Karaim in Lithuania and the Ukraine by Éva Ágnes Csató
	www.turkiye.net /sota/karaim.html (548 words)

	Informat.io on Crimean Karaites
		Karaim is a Kypchak Turkic tongue being closely related to Crimean Tatar, Armeno-Kipchak etc. Among many different influences exerted on Karaim Arabic, Hebrew and Persian were the first to change the outlook of the Karaim lexicon.
		Because the Karaims were judged to be innocent of the death of Jesus, they were exempt from many of the harsh restrictions placed on other Jews.
		Karaims were not subject to mass deportation, unlike the Crimean Tatars, Greeks, Armenians and others the Soviet authorities alleged had collaborated during the Nazi German occupation.
	www.informat.io /?title=crimean-karaites (1615 words)

	NOVES SL. SPRING-SUMMER 2004. LANGUAGE MINORITIES IN POLAND AT THE MOMENT (3)
		Basically, using foreign languages in the courts while testifying or during interrogation of witnesses is possible, as well as communication between the defendant and the court.
		A precondition though is lack of knowledge of the Polish language and not being a member of a national or ethnic minority.
		Regional and minority languages in the territory of Poland differ according to their level of development, which is determined by numerous linguistic and extra-linguistic factors.
	www6.gencat.net /llengcat/noves/hm04primavera-estiu/moskal3_4.htm (2080 words)

	Spoken Karaim CD : the Karaim language
		he Karaim language is an endangered language that belongs to the Turkic language family which extends from north western Europe to eastern Asia.
		Although Karaim in the Crimea is regarded as being extinct today, there are some young people who are trying to revive the language by learning it from books.
		Today the Karaim community is very keen to revive and pass on its language to the younger generation.
	www3.aa.tufs.ac.jp /~djn/karaim/kCDlang.htm (292 words)

	Universitas Helsingiensis
		Their religion is the reformed Karaite version of Judaism, their sacred language has been Hebrew, knowledge of which is on the verge of extinction, and their vernacular is the Turkic Karaim language, which is still spoken by 40 or 50 members of the community.
		Since the second half of the 19th century Karaim has been the language of literature and at present it is also used in the liturgy in the kenesa temples.
		Later in the afternoon the Karaim museum was reopened after careful restoration, and a memorial tablet fixed on the wall of the house of the former religious leader, scholar and poet Simonas Firkovicius (1897-1982) was unveiled.
	www.helsinki.fi /lehdet/uh/198j.html (1756 words)

	[No title]
		In the town of Trakai the Kenesa (Karaim church) was restored and the Museum of Karaim Ethnography was reconstructed with the financial support from both the town and state budget.
		The Karaim culture museum, situated in the apartment of professor Hadzhi Grey Khan Shabshala in Vilnius was destroyed.
		The one element of this ethnic identity that survives today is the Karaim language, belonging to the western Kipchak subgroup of the Turkic language family.
	www.cemes.org /current/LGI/265-eng.htm (1137 words)

	Karaim Turks of Lithuania - Turkish Daily News Mar 16, 2006
		The Karaims increasingly engaged in agriculture and horticulture, horse breeding and different handicrafts and gradually came to constitute a middle class between the aristocracy and the framers who tilled the soil.
		When the Karaim center was moved from Baghdad to Jerusalem, the religion began spreading through missionary activities to the Turkic-speaking peoples on the Crimean peninsula and the steppes of the lower Volga region.
		This language belongs to the Kipchak group of the Turkic-Altaic family and is closely related to the language of the Crimean Tatars.
	www.turkishdailynews.com.tr /article.php?enewsid=38284 (1898 words)

	New Life in Karaim Communities
		Indo-European languages (Polish, Russian, Lithuanian) have left deep vestiges in the vernacular Karaim spoken by the multilingual Karaims especially during the Soviet period, when no instruction in the native language was available.
		Karina Firkaviciute, "Is karaimu apeigines tautosakos"('On the ritual folklore of the Karaims').
		A prayer in Karaim for the reconsecration of Vilnius kenesa on 14.10.
	www.hf-fak.uib.no /institutter/smi/paj/Harviainen.html (3744 words)

	Lithuanian Karaims: then and now - en.lt.leisureguide.info - Leisure in Lithuania
		Lithuanian Karaims enjoyed a broad range of privileges and a high degree of autonomy, and in 1441 were even granted the Magdebourg rights, meaning that the Karaim community became entitled to self-government.
		Karaims pray in a place of worship called Kenesa.Typically, Kenesa is decorated with floral and geometrical ornaments, as it is strictly forbidden to depict humans in sacred places.
		The Karaim language belongs to the Turkic language family and shares many features with other Kipchak-Turkic languages, such as Karachay, Crimean Tatar, etc. Karaim is one of the most endangered languages in the world.
	en.lt.leisureguide.info /portal/categories/1/1/0/1/article/54 (2236 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		Karaim is an endangered Turkic language spoken only by an estimated 50 speakers mostly living in Lithuania.
		The sect of Karaism to which the Karaims have belonged since the eighth century is known as Anan ben David, a form of Judaism that acknowledges the Old Testament, but rejects the Talmud.
		The vocabulary of the Karaim language is strongly influenced by folklore, proverbs, riddles, and folk poetry, but lacks many abstract terms and has not expanded to incorporate words to express many scientific, technical, and philosophical concepts.
	www.rferl.org /features/2003/07/22072003165742.asp (1343 words)

	UNESCO Culture Sector - Intangible Heritage - 2003 Convention : Partnership between UNESCO, Discovery Communications, ...
		The Bunuba language is spoken in Western Australia, from the township of Fitzroy Crossing in the Kimberley region, north along the Fitzroy River to Jijidju (Diamond Gorge) and to Miluwindi (King Leopold Ranges) and Napier Range in the west.
		The Lepcha language is spoken in Sikkim and Darjeeling district in West Bengal of India.
		The Naso (Teribe) language is spoken in the northwestern area of Panama, on the bank of the River Teribe, in the Kingdom of Naso.
	www.unesco.org /culture/ich/index.php?pg=00140 (3318 words)

	Cyprus bicommunal discussion and chat forum : Karaim Turks of Lithuania (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Karaims increasingly engaged in agriculture and horticulture, horse breeding and different handicrafts and gradually came to constitute a middle class between the aristocracy and the framers who tilled the soil.
		When the Karaim center was moved from Baghdad to Jerusalem, the religion began spreading through missionary activities to the Turkic-speaking peoples on the Crimean peninsula and the steppes of the lower Volga region.
		This language belongs to the Kipchak group of the Turkic-Altaic family and is closely related to the language of the Crimean Tatars.
	www.talkcyprus.org /forum/about3240.html (4623 words)

	Panel abstract EASAS conference
		Issues relating to language death, endangernment and threat to linguistic diversity have dominated the scene (Krauss (1996), Hale (1992)) and efforts to revitalize endangered languages and to regress the phenomenon of language death have been the themes of several conferences (including UN conference).
		The main points to be discussed are 1) that language issues have not yet been pushed to the forefront of the political agenda, and 2) that ethnic organizations are still at the beginning stages of dealing with matters of documentation, standardization, and orthography of their ancestral languages.
		Language issues are largely the concern of educated elites, but this is not to say that ordinary people are insensitive to them.
	www.sasnet.lu.se /panelabstracts/26.html (3155 words)

	LINGUIST List 14.1014: Historical Ling: Jones and Esch (2002)
		The main aim of the book, as stated in the introduction, is ''to provide evidence from a number of different languages and language families to counter the apparent tendency that has existed in the past to see the explanation of language change as a choice between ''language-internal'' and ''language-external'' factors'' (p.1).
		Csatï¿½ examines a high-copying language, the Lithuanian dialect of the Karaim language, a Kipchak Turkic vernacular spoken in the Baltic region for the last six centuries.
		This language is a clear example of code-copying outlined by Johanson in the previous chapter.
	www.linguistlist.org /issues/14/14-1014.html (3568 words)

	Origin and History of Karaims
		From Karaims in Poland (1961) by Ananisaz Zajaczkowski.
		The Karaims of to-day are regarded as heirs of the Khazarian culture.
		Besides Hebrew as a liturgical language the Karaim language is of equal importance.
	www.turkiye.net /sota/karhist.htm (3897 words)

	ILAT Archives -- October 2007 (#44)
		Another endangered species: This one leads to the extinction of ideas By AARON HOWARD http://www.jhvonline.com/default.asp?sourceid=andsmenu=96andtwindow=Defaultandmad=Noandsdetail=3372andwpage=1andskeyword=andsidate=andccat=andccatm=andrestate=andrestatus=andreoption=andretype=andrepmin=andrepmax=andrebed=andrebath=andsubname=andpform=andsc=1291andhn=jhvonlineandhe=.com Languages are dying in our world at a faster rate than mammals, plants or the polar ice caps, according to K. David Harrison, Swarthmore College assistant professor of linguistics.
		The Karaim language is a Turkic language with Hebrew influences, in a similar manner to Yiddish or Ladino.
		I’ve been in a Karaim household where the kids speak Lithuanian, the television is broadcasting in Russian and the elderly speak Polish [which was the former dominant language before World War II].
	listserv.arizona.edu /cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0710&L=ilat&T=0&P=5293 (1211 words)

	Beth Hatefutsoth - Related Links
		Hebrew became an official language in British Palestine in 1921, and the primary official language of the state of Israel It is spoken by about 6,000,000 people, in Israel and abroad, of whom around 4,500,000 speak Hebrew as their mother-tongue.
		The Berber languages and dialects, spoken over a large area from western Egypt to Mauritania, are descendants of the native languages of North Africa and belong to the Berbero-Libyan group of the Afro-Asiatic (formerly Hamito-Semitic) family of languages.
		Karaim is the language of the Karaite community in Lithuania.
	www.bh.org.il /links/JewishLangs.asp (2795 words)

	Lietuvos karaimai: Kalba
		According to the genealogical classification of languages Karaim and some closely related languages of the western Kipchak group (Karachai, Kumyk, the Crimean Tartar) belong to a Turkic subfamily, which, in its turn, is considered as a part of the larger Altaic family.
		Karaim, as a Turkic language, is typically agglutinative - there words and their forms are built up by addition of standard monosemantic derivational and grammatical affixes, which never merge with the stem or with one another, for example:
		Vowel harmony, prevailing in the Turkic languages, is a phenomenon, conditioning the vowel alternation in the formative or inflectional suffixes depending on the vowels.
	daugenis.mch.mii.lt /karaimai/language.htm (335 words)

	ILAT Archives -- July 2003 (#16)
		I am constantly reminded about how the struggle to preserve traditional languages is going on all over the world, and find it striking how similar the issues are everywhere.
		The traditional languages there are "Taiwanese" (a dialect of the Hokkien language), Hakka (another Chinese language) and around a dozen aboriginal languages.
		In the eighth century, the >Karaims converted to a form of Judaism known as Karaism, which may be >described as a return to the roots or "sola scriptura." > >The Karaims later split into three main groups.
	listserv.arizona.edu /cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0307&L=ilat&T=0&P=1700 (1550 words)

	[No title]
		The main reason is that the Karaylar-Karaites spoke an ancient Tataric language called "Karaim" and the name "Karaylar" identified them as speakers of this language and bearers of the associated cultural heritage.
		The fact that the "Karaim" language is a Turkic dialect led Zajaczkowski to conclude that the Karaylar are a Turkic tribe.
		Karaim missionaries reached the kaganate in 8 – 10 cent.
	www.karaite-korner.org /holocaust.htm (5085 words)

	Jennifer's Page of Links: Language Resources
		Institute of the Estonian Language in English and Eesti Keele Instituut eesti keeles
		Tartu Ülikooli Uurali Keelte Haru, Division of Uralic Languages of the University of Tartu in English & eesti keeles
		Eesti keel reisija jaoks soome keeles: Matkailijoille (suomeksi)
	www.elite.net /~runner/jennifers/language.htm (407 words)

	Lietuvos karaimai: Kalba
		The deeper research of the Karaim language began in the XIX century.
		At the end of XIX century - in the beginning of XX century the Karaim language was researched by the German and Hungarian turcologists Carl Foy (1856-1907) and B.Munkacsi (1860-1937) and by the investigator of the Bible translation into the Karaim language, the Russian academician Vladimir Gordlevskij.
		The Karaim language grammars are published by the turcologists Kenesbaj Musajev (1964-1977) and Olga Prik.
	daugenis.mch.mii.lt /karaimai/language2.htm (553 words)

	Turkic Languages (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A Turkic minority in Lithuania and the Ukraine: The Karaims.
		Språkmøte, Det norske instituttet i Roma: Syllabic harmony in Karaim.
		The case of Karaim in Lithuania and the Ukraine.
	www.turkiclanguages.com /www/evacsatopublications.html (2340 words)

	Foundation For Endangered Languages Issue 31.
		At present, an inventory of the languages in the new states of the European Union is being made showing explicitly the position of ethnic minorities.
		Schools with curricula in the languages of national minorities (Polish and German) A very important way to preserve the national consciousness is education in the mother tongue.
		Their language belongs to the Turkic language family and it is still spoken by very few community members.
	www.ogmios.org /315.htm (2633 words)

	GeoNative - Krimea - Crimea - Tatar - Karaim
		The population of Crimea was 2,550,000 in 1991, consisting of Russians (65%); Ukranians (22%); Crimean Tatars (10%); and Belorussians, Armenians, Greeks, Germans, and Karaims (3%).
		The Karaim are a non-talmudic Jewish group, and they were located mainly in Crimea, where they became turkicised in language.
		From Crimea, the Karaim spread to Poland, Lithuania and Ukraine.
	www.geocities.com /athens/9479/krim.html (570 words)

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