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Topic: Karaite Judaism

	Karaite Judaism and Historical Understanding
		He contrasts early Karaite scripturalism with the literature of rabbinic Judaism, which, embodying historical views that carry a moralistic burden, draws upon the chain of tradition to suppose a generation-to-generation transmission of divine knowledge and authority.
		Karaites in the medieval Islamic world eschewed historical thinking, in concert with their rejection of the rabbinic concept of tradition.
		Reconstructing Karaite historical expression from both published works and previously unexamined manuscripts, Astren shows that Karaites relied on rabbinic literature to extract and compile historical data for their own readings of Jewish history, which they recorded in an encyclopedic literature similar to contemporary Byzantine Christian Orthodox writing.
	www.sc.edu /uscpress/2003/3518.html (575 words)

	Karaite Judaism
		Karaite Judaism rejects later additions to the Tanach (Jewish Bible) such as the Rabbinic Oral Law and places the ultimate responsibility of interpreting the Bible on each individual.
		Karaite Judaism or Karaism is a Jewish movement characterized by the sole reliance on the Tanakh as scripture, and the rejection of the Oral Law (the Mishnah and the Talmud) as halakha (Legally Binding, i.e., required religious practice).
		This is in contrast to Rabbinical Judaism, which employs the methods of p'shat, remez (implication or clue), drash ("deep interpretation," based on breaking down individual words, e.g., breaking down "be'ra'shit" to "beit" "ra'shit" which means two startings of) and sod ("secret," the deeper meaning of the text, drawing on the Kabbalah).
	heartdaughter.com /overcomers/index.php?topic=997.0 (383 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - KARAITES AND KARAISM: (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Among the latter are the important Karaite authors Sahl ibn Maẓliaḥ, Solomon ben Jeroham, and Yafith ibn 'Ali, all three of whom lived during the middle and the end of the tenth century.
		The more moderate views regarding the Karaites held by the famous rabbi of Constantinople, Elijah Mizraḥi, are known from his responsa; nor was he the only rabbi holding such views, for as early as the beginning of the fourteenth century Shemariah of Crete endeavored to incorporate the Karaites with the Jewish nation.
		These Karaites, on coming in contact with the European Rabbinites and developing their literary taste, began to correspond with their Byzantine coreligionists, and at the end of the fifteenth century Lithuanian pupils were studying with Elijah Bashyaẓi.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=108&letter=K&search=karaites (6244 words)

	Karaite Liturgy
		Saadiah may have misinterpreted the Karaite position on the Psalms and viewed them as affirming their inspiration by the Holy Spirit in the sense that they were written by inspiration though the person seems to speak of his own accord.
		The Karaites, Goldberg argues, maintained a strong connection between the sacrifices and the confessionals, which had belonged to them during the Second Temple period and this is consistent with the general Karaite conviction of using the Temple as a model for prayer.
		[1] Inherent to Karaite views on the Oral tradition was the subsequent rejection of the authority and of the exiliarchic and later Gaonic leadership.
	www.karaites-usa.org /Studies_On/karaite_liturgy.htm (4072 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Karaite Judaism or Karaism is a Jewish denomination characterized by the sole reliance on the Tanakh as scripture, and the rejection of the Oral Law (the Mishnah and the Talmud) as halakha (Legally Binding, i.e.
		Karaite Jews were able to obtain independent autonomy from Rabbinical Jews in the Muslim world and establish their own institutions, and even forced the yeshivas to move to Ramle.
		During the 10th and 11th Centuries, Karaite Jews in Spain had become "a force to be reckoned with." In Castile, high-ranking Rabbinical Jews such as Joseph Ferrizuel persuaded the king to allow the persecution and expulsion of Karaite Jews.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Karaite (2126 words)

	Judaism and Jewish Theologians from the second century to present
		Contemporary Judaism is ultimately derived from the rabbinic movement of the first centuries of the Christian era in Palestine and Babylonia and is therefore called rabbinic Judaism, Today's Judaism.
		The difference between Rabbanites and Karaites that is most commonly noted is in regard to Shabbat: the Karaites noted that the Bible specifically prohibits lighting a flame on Shabbat, so they kept their houses dark on Shabbat.
		He defended Judaism as the inherited faith of the Jews as a divine revelation, and declared himself at the same time to be a believer in the "universal religion of reason"...
	biblia.com /theology/jewishtheologians-2.htm (2419 words)

	Israel's 30,000 Karaites follow Bible, not Talmud (December 10, 1999)
		Karaites are enjoined from any activity not forming part of the prayer service or not absolutely essential for the satisfaction of physical needs.
		First the Karaites were concentrated in the Byzantine Empire, and later they established a presence in the Crimea and Lithuania, usually in close cooperation with rabbinic Jews.
		The inequality between the two groups grew larger in 1827 when the Crimean Karaites were exempted from the general military draft law, a privilege that was not extended to the rabbinic Jews.
	www.jewishsf.com /bk991210/1ackariate.shtml (1315 words)

	JUDAISM : Encyclopedia Entry
		Judaism has seldom, if ever, been monolithic in practice (although it has always been monotheistic in theology), and differs from many religions in that its central authority is not vested in any person or group but rather in its writings and traditions.
		Despite this, Judaism in all its variations has remained tightly bound to a number of religious principles, the most important of which is the belief that there is a single, omniscient, omnipotent, omnibenevolent, transcendent God, who created the universe and continues to be involved in its governance.
		The practice of Judaism is devoted to the study and observance of these laws and commandments, as written in the Torah, as well as those found in the Talmud.
	bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/Judaism (8757 words)

	SULAIR
		Karaites, for their part, consider themselves to be followers of Judaism in its truest manifestation.
		Karaites once occupied their own separate quarter in Cairo—adjacent to the rabbinic Jewish quarter—with its population estimated at 5,000 as of 1948.
		The result is that Karaites possess a bifurcated legal status in Israel—they are Jews in the eyes of the state, and sectarians in the eyes of the rabbinate.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/spc/exhibits/nowinonlinkaraites.html (1222 words)

	Judaism (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Despite this, Judaism in all its variations has remained tightly bound to a number of religious principles, the most important of which is the belief in a single, omniscient, transcendent God that created the universe, and continues to be involved in its governance.
		Although monotheism is fundamental to Rabbinic Judaism, according to many critical Bible scholars the Torah often implies that the early Israelites accepted the existence of other gods, while viewing their God as the sole Creator, whose worship is obligated (a rather henotheistic point of view).
		Orthodox Judaism holds that the Torah was written by God and dictated to Moses, and that the laws within it are binding and unchanging.
	computers.abcworld.net /Judaism (7682 words)

	Karaite Korner - Main Page
		Karaite Judaism or Karaism is the original faith of the Hebrew Scriptures (Old Testament).
		Karaites regard the current era of human history as the period of the "Great Exile".
		Karaites maintain that every human being has an obligation to study the Hebrew Scriptures and determine for themselves the correct meaning of the Almighty's commandments based on their own reasoning and understanding.
	www.karaite-korner.org /main.shtml (1910 words)

	Prof. Astren's Publications
		Karaite Approaches to History in Medieval Islam and A Tribute to Professor William M. Brinner in Judaism and Islam: Boundaries, Interaction, and Communication, edited by Benjamin Hary, John L. Hayes and Fred Astren, E.J. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands, (2000).
		The Gibeonite Gambit: Sabians and Karaite Jews on the Margins of Medieval Islamic Society, at Appropriating and Re-appropriating the Past: History and Historiography in Islamic and Judaic Traditions, a conference sponsored by the Institute of Islamic-Judaic Studies (University of Denver, September, 1996).
		Karaite Claims to History in the Islamic Period, at Bridging the Worlds of Islam and Judaism, an international conference (University of California, Berkeley, March, 1993).
	www.sfsu.edu /%7Ejewish/fastren/fastrenarticles.html (1021 words)

	Trinity College - Media Advisory
		Karaite Judaism: Against the Rabbis and Between Islam and Christianity
		Astren has written articles on the influence of Islam on Karaite Judaism, Karaism and the Dead Sea Scrolls, minority religion in the medieval Islamic world, death rituals in Judaism and Islam, and biblical constructions of British sacred history.
		His forthcoming book, Karaite Judaism and Historical Understanding, won an award in 2000 from the Koret Jewish Publications Program and will be published by the University of South Carolina Press in April, 2004.
	www.trincoll.edu /pub/MediaAdv/032604_Astern.htm (280 words)

	Nehemia Gordon - Karaite Jew
		Gordon is considered a Hakham, a well-respected religious leader of the Karaite Jewish communities, and now serves on the Universal Karaite Judaism Religious Council (which represents Israeli Karaites.) He is also the leader of the World Karaite Movement, a Karaite revival group.
		Karaite Judaism or Karaism is the original faith of the Hebrew Scriptures (Old Testament).
		Karaites maintain that every human being has an obligation to study the Hebrew Scriptures and determine for themselves the correct meaning of the Almighty's commandments based on their own reasoning and understanding.
	www.menorah.org.za /articles/nehemia_gordon_karaite_jew.php (1239 words)

	The Karaites & 1844
		Though the Karaites of Palestine may have abandoned their form of reckoning by 1860, they were still at it in 1836.
		While the Karaite Jews in Palestine were likewise keeping the feasts too early in 1860, they were not in 1836, leaving open the possibility that they were also not in 1844.
		Karaite records of what they were doing in other localities are not necessarily helpful, since those afar were using Rabbanite reckoning long before those in Palestine ceased to observe the barley harvests.
	www.pickle-publishing.com /papers/karaite-reckoning-1844.htm (2502 words)

	Judaism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Judaism has seldom, if ever, been monolithic in practice (although it has always been monotheistic in theology), and differs from many religions in that its central authority is not vested in any person or group but rather in its writings and traditions.
		Despite this, Judaism in all its variations has remained tightly bound to a number of religious principles, the most important of which is the belief that there is a single, omniscient, omnipotent, omnibenevolent, transcendent God, who created the universe and continues to be involved in its governance.
		The practice of Judaism is devoted to the study and observance of these laws and commandments, as written in the Torah, as well as those found in the Talmud.
	www.proxygasp.com /index.php?q=aHR0cDovL2VuLndpa2lwZWRpYS5vcmcvd2lraS9KdWRhaXNt (5521 words)

	Religion - Karaite Denomination - Jewish Reference: People, Places, and All Things Jewish
		Karaite Judaism is in a period of growth and renewal in the USA.
		The traditions of Rabbinic Judaism used in the knotting of the tzitzit are not followed, so the appearance of Karaite tzitzit is quite different from that of Rabbanite tzitzit.
		It became common during the 11th century for a Karaite to be flogged to death if he or she did not abandon his or her beliefs.
	www.jewishreference.com /religion-karaite.html (1435 words)

	sociology - Judaism
		Judaism is the religion and culture of the Jewish people and one of the first recorded monotheistic faiths.
		This attitude may reflect growing Gentile interest in Judaism (some Greeks and Romans considered the Jews a most "philosophical" people because of their belief in a God that cannot be represented visually), and growing Jewish interest in Greek philosophy, which sought to establish universal truths.
		Reform Judaism (outside of the USA also known as Progressive Judaism, and in the U.K. as Liberal Judaism) originally formed in Germany in response to the Enlightenment.
	www.aboutsociology.com /sociology/Judaism (7002 words)

	Judaic Treasures of the Library of Congress: The Karaite Humash
		In 1827, Karaites were exempted from the dreaded military draft, which plucked Jewish children from their families for twenty-five years and more of distant military service.
		In memoranda to the Czarist government the Karaites consequently stressed their fundamental difference from other Jews, in belief and in history, arguing that they were not Jews but "Russian Karaites of the Old Testament Faith," which became their official designation.
		The group of Karaite scholars who edited the text and prepared the translation was headed by Abraham Firkowitz (1786-1874), an antiquarian scholar and bibliographer who as a leader of the separation campaign wrote messages to the Czarist government and collected documents to bolster the Karaite position.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/loc/karaite_humash.html (649 words)

	Conversion FAQs
		Karaite Judaism is the movement of scholars who seek to understand the creator's demands upon humanity through his written words in the TaNaKh, which is an acronym for Torah (the Chumash or Five Books of Books), Nev'im (Prophets) and Ketu'vim (Holy writings).
		Judaism has a long history of accepting converts; as we are reminded, the founders of Judaism: Abraham and Sarah were both converts.
		The body recognized by the State of Israel to validate conversions of Karaites for purposes of Aliyah to the State of Israel is the Moetzet Hakhamim of Universal Karaite Judaism "UKJ".
	www.kjuonline.com /FAQ.htm (1591 words)

	Karaite Judaism Defended
		Karaites have never made a distinction between the two - both witnesses are valid in any legal situation.
		In the 11th century, in Spain, after the Rabbanites killed the Karaite leader Sidi ibn al-Taras, his wife, al-Mu‘alima (which means the teacher), took over for him as the leading Hakham of the Karaites in Spain.
		In the Karaite Beit Kenesset there is separate seating for men and women; however the reason for this is not strictly gender based.
	groups.msn.com /KaraiteJudaismDefended/general.msnw?action=get_message&mview=0&ID_Message=1516&LastModified=4675536296199929647 (671 words)

	Judaism
		Judaism is a complex combination of a religion and a non-exclusive ethnic group.
		Orthodox Judaism (includes Hasidic Judaism, Haredi Judaism or Ultra-Orthodox Judaism and Modern Orthodox Judaism) - this denomination holds that the Torah was written by God and Moses, and that the original laws within it are binding and unchanging.
		Reform Judaism (outside of the USA also known as Progressive Judaism, and in the U.K. as Liberal Judaism) originally formed in Germany as a reaction to traditional Judaism, stresses integration with society and a personal interpretation of the Torah.
	www.nelsal.com /judaism.htm (1683 words)

	BRILL
		Alan J. Avery-Peck is Kraft-Hiatt Professor in Judaic Studies in the Religious Studies Department of the College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Massachusetts.
		About Judaism, the religion, its diverse history, literature, beliefs past and present, observances and practices, and place in the context of society and culture, this is what we know.
		All principal topics required for the systematic description of Judaism as a religion the world view, way of life, theory of the social entity constituted by the faithful are addressed here.
	www.brill.nl /m_catalogue_sub6_id10372.htm (1210 words)

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