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Topic: Karakum Desert

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Central Asia

	Karakum Desert - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It lies east of the Caspian Sea, with the Aral Sea to the north and the Amu Darya river and Qyzyl-Qum desert to the northeast.
		The desert is crossed by the largest irrigation canal in the world, the Qaraqum Canal.
		The desert is crossed by the Trans-Caspian railway.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Karakum_Desert (246 words)

	Karakum introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Karakum (“Black Sand”) Desert is bordered by the Sarykamysh Basin on the north, by the Amu Darya (ancient Oxus River) valley on the northeast and east, and by the Garabil Plateau and the Badkhyz steppe region on the southeast.
		In the south and southwest the desert runs parallel to the foot of the Kopet-Dag Range, and in the west and northwest the Karakum borders the course of the ancient valley of the Uzboy River near the Caspian Sea.
		The population of the desert is composed of
	www.mertebe.org /English/Turkmenistan/Geography/Desert/garagum_intro.html (394 words)

	Karakum study and exploration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Russian geographic exploration of the Karakum began in the early 18th century, and in the 20th century it has expanded as irrigation, mineral-resource, and transportation needs have grown.
		The Repetek Preserve, in the central part of the eastern Karakum, was created in 1928 and covers an area of about 135 square miles.
		The Institute of Deserts of the Academy of Sciences of Turkmenistan was established in 1962 to study ways of reclaiming desert land for economic use.
	www.mertebe.org /English/Turkmenistan/Geography/Desert/garagum_study_explo.html (162 words)

	Ayan: The ultimate Travel Agent for Turkmenistan and Central Asia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Karakum desert blankets 80 percent of the territory of Turkmenistan.
		This 4,000 year-old Zoroastrian capital is mysteriously located in the heart of the Karakum desert and is Central Asia's sole entirely excavated city site, allowing the visitor to stroll through the countless alleyways, fire temples and shrines.
		At Tugay, along the reservoirs and canals of the Mary cotton fields that reach far north into the desert are newly-formed and, because of their difficult accessibility, have incredible wildlife such as wild boars and gazelles.
	www.ayan-travel.com /tm_syl_ee_dam.html (1318 words)

	Ayan: The ultimate Travel Agent for Turkmenistan and Central Asia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Karakum Desert occupies the area of about 35 million ha, or more than 80% of the whole territory of Turkmenistan.
		In spring,just for a short period of time the desert is covered by a colorful carpet of vegetation.
		However the Kara-Kum desert differs from the subtropical deserts of the Northern Africa by plenty of precipitation.
	www.ayan-travel.com /tm_rg_lb_rp.html (877 words)

	BACKGROUND
		The country's natural borders are the Amudarya River (former Oxus) in the East and Northeast, the Kopetdag and Parapimize mountains, which form a formidable 1,500 Km natural border with Iran in the South, and further East with Afghanistan, and the Caspian Sea in the West.
		Ashgabat, the capital of Turkmenistan, is situated in an oasis of the southern part of the country, near the Karakum Desert and the border with Iran.
		The highest point is the peak of Airybaba (3,139m.) and the lowest is the depression of Akdzhakaya in the Karakum desert (81 m.
	enrin.grida.no /biodiv/biodiv/national/turkmen/htmfiles/backgr.htm (598 words)

	Homepage of Vladimir Dinets - Deserts
		Desert photography is relatively easy, because you seldom have to worry about weather or about utility poles in the background.
		Deserts are the last places on Earth where reptiles still rule.
		Desert tortoises spend up to 10 months a year in their burrows, together with many reptiles, insects and other tenants.
	dinets.travel.ru /deserts.htm (1258 words)

	Turkmenistan.it - territory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Its territory is constituited by a low tableland delimited to the south by the imposant mountain chain of Kopet Dağ and to the north by the Turanic lowland.
		The central re-gion of the country is occupied quite enterely by the Karakum De-sert, a vast sandy zone characterized by the presence of takyrs, pe-culiar hollows of large dimensions separated by the dunes generated by the strong winds blowing in the region.
		From the physical point of view the Karakum Desert is divided into two parts by the Unguz de-pression, separating Zaunguzsky plateau, in the southest region of the country, from the Low Karakum, occupying exactly the central re-gions.
	www.turkmenistan.it /territoriogb.html (394 words)

	Temperate Deserts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The vegetation of temperate deserts and semi-deserts is sparse.
		In the true deserts, the predominant shrubs are spaced widely over the mostly bare ground, and the soil is often salty.
		In the continental interior of Eurasia, the Karakum Desert, Takla Makan, Gobi, Ordos, and other deserts and semi-deserts occupy the country north of the great chain of mountains that stretches from the Caucasus in the west through Iran and Afghanistan to the Himalayas in the east.
	www.pacificislandtravel.com /nature_gallery/eco_tempdeserts.html (437 words)

	Ayan: The ultimate Travel Agent for Turkmenistan and Central Asia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The deserts and mountains of Turkmenistan are full of challenges for the adventurous and active.
		The Damla Oasis is one of the furthest Yomud and Teke tribe oases in the heart of the Karakum desert.
		We further journey along the edge of the Karakum desert into the vicinity of the remote Kaplankyr Reserve, the 'Plateau of the Tiger'.
	www.ayan-travel.com /tm_syl_ee.html (673 words)

	Silkroaders \| Updates
		The Karakum Desert, the 440th kilometre of Ashgabat - Karakum - Dashoguz railway, it was where the northern and the southern sections of the TransKarakum trunk-railway were joined.
		The Karakum Desert is one of the largest and amazing and at the same time severe deserts in the world.
		Ashgabat - Karakum - Dashoguz is the third trunk-railway built in Turkmenistan on the initiative of the lifelong national leader during the years of independence.
	www.silkroaders.de /updates.htm (805 words)

	STANTOURS - Turkmenistan - Karakum Desert
		The Karakum or 'Black' Desert occupies an area of about 35 million ha, or more than 80% of the whole territory of Turkmenistan.
		According to its geological and natural conditions, the Karakum can be divided into three large parts: Northern or Zaunguz, Central or Lowland, and South-Eastern Karakum.
		A few Oasises are spread across the desert where the visitor can encounter a very traditional and hospitable (Turkmen) society.
	www.stantours.com /tm_rg_ahal_kd.html (94 words)

	Turkmenistan by "Lonely Planet"
		As for landscape, four-fifths of the country is desert - and not a pretty desert at that, The key to enjoying a visit is the hospitality of the Turkmen.
		Desert Raiders It's not known precisely when the first Turkmen appeared, but most historians think they drifted here in the wake of the Seljuqs, sometime in the 11th century.
		To the south, the Karakum is fringed by the Kopet Dag (Lots of Mountains), an earthquake prone range that forms a formidable 1500 km natural border with Iran and, farther east, Afghanistan.
	chalt.8m.com /history.html (3694 words)

	Tandem To Turkestan
		Our plans to head north across the heart of the Karakum - Desert of the Black Sands - towards the ancient walled city of Khiva are curtailed with the delay in our Uzbek visa.
		Leaving cultivated fields behind, the road opens abruptly into the desert proper, a parched plain of hardy shrubs, gnarled trees and the occasional sand dune.
		A little concerned by the gargantuan spiders scuttling across the desert floor, we bed down for the night to the clamour of arriving and departing trucks, exhausted once more from a long and hard day of riding.
	www.tandemtoturkestan.com /log_turkmen/turkmen02.html (1213 words)

	XXI век — золотой век Туркменистана (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		An asphalted roadbed stretches from the foothills of the Kopetdag Mountians to the north, to the centre of the Karakum Desert.
		The construction work is being carried out in several directions: from Ashgabat to the north, in two directions from the Darvaza settlement in both directions and from Dashoguz to the south.
		Sandy gravel is delivered to the centre of the Karakum Desert not only by lorries but also by railway that promotes speeding-up of construction rates.
	www.turkmenistan.gov.tm /ekonom/ek_trans/010206_eng.htm (210 words)

	Karakum - Bedeutung, Definition, Erklärung im netlexikon
		Die Karakum war einst Heimat einer frühzeitlichen Hochkultur, die bislang nur als Oasenkultur bekannt ist.
		Ein Dromedar aus Karakum von Hansgeorg Stengel (Gebundene Ausgabe)
		Karakum von Mario Giordano, Arend Agthe (Broschiert) für EUR 4,90
	www.lexikon-definition.de /Karakum.html (522 words)

	NewsCentralAsia.com - Turkmenistan Moves to Revamp National Irrigation System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Karakum canal, alternately known as Turkmen river, is the largest manmade water channel in the world.
		These would be useful for clearing the first 300 kilometers of Karakum river and would ensure adequate increase in water supply to irrigate virgin lands in Mary, Ahal and Balkan provinces.
		Turkmen Lake, the wastewater reservoir in the Karakum desert would be another factor in the overall efforts to economize and recycle the water resources.
	www.newscentralasia.com /modules.php?name=News&file=friend&op=FriendSend&sid=746 (512 words)

	Karakum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Die Karakum liegt westlich des Flusses Amudarja und gehört fast vollständig zum Staatsgebiet von Turkmenistan, lediglich an den nördlichen Randgebieten hat auch Usbekistan einen Anteil.
		Aus klimatischen Gründen findet sich in der Karakum allenfalls Steppenvegetation mit verschiedenen Grasarten, denn die hohen Sommertemperaturen und die kalten Winter erlauben auch bei den Frühjahrsregen keine dauernde höhere Vegetation.
		In der Karakum finden sich bedeutende Erdöl- und Erdgasvorkommen.
	blumentopf.xodox.de /Karakum (486 words)

	Central Karakum Desert & Merv / Margush — Off-Road Adventure \| Turkmenistan travel ayan \| desert adevnture \| off ...
		The vegetation north to the Uzboy is slightly richer with stony, reddish sand and better grazing grounds, while the south is sizzling sand desert covered with saksaul and dunes.
		With its harsh climate, fine sand and the history of the Turkoman warriors as the fiercest slave-hunters in Turkestan, the Karakum (‘Black’ Desert in the sense of ‘Bad’ desert!) is considered the toughest desert in Central Asia.
		Anyhow - Tugays along the collectors and canals of the Mary cotton fields reaching far north into the desert are newly-formed and, because of their difficult accessibility, have incredible wildlife such as the wild boars and gazelles.
	www.infohub.com /TRAVEL/SIT/sit_pages/11576.html (1322 words)

	Turkmenistan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		90% of the country is covered by the Karakum Desert.
		The center of country is dominated by Turan Depression and the Karakum Desert which are mostly flatlands.
		The climate is subtropical desert, with little rainfall.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Turkmenistan (1733 words)

	Off-Road Adventure - 10 days trip (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Karakum desert covers over 80 percent of the territory of Turkmenistan.
		In it's unique vastness and with the friendly people inhabiting its endless dunes this desert bears in every respect some of the most characteristic features of Central Asia's Nomad culture and natural beauty.
		This 4,000 years old Zoroastrian capital settlement, mystically located in the middle of the Karakum desert is Central Asia's sole entirely excavated city site, allowing its visitor to stroll through the 100's of its alleys and shrines.
	www.perspectief-plus.com /tm_10_info.htm (153 words)

	Margiana
		Margiana (Old Persian Margu): district in the Karakum desert, modern Mary (or Merv) in the southeast of Turkmenistan.
		Margiana was situated on the boards of the river Murghab; this river, which was called Margos by the ancient Greeks, has its sources in the mountains of Afghanistan and flows to the north, into the Karakum desert, where it divides into several branches that disappear in the desert sands.
		The satrap of Bactria, Dâdari, advanced against the rebels, which he defeated on 28 December 521 after a march of three hundred kilometers through the Karakum desert.
	www.livius.org /man-md/margiana/margiana.html (871 words)

	iqexpand.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Look for Karakum desert in the Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video.
		Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and the Karakum Desert (July/August 2006) Heading south and west through Uzbekistan, I pass through Bukhara before reaching the Karakum desert and the border with...
		Most of Turkmenistan is covered by the Karakum desert, a sun scorched, barren land bordered by the Amu Darya River and Uzbekistan in the north and fringed in the south by a few oases fed by the runoff...
	karakum_desert.iqexpand.com (376 words)

	Turkmenistan country and society informatiom
		Unsurprisingly for a desert nation, Turkmenistan is characterised by a lack of rainfall, lots of searing sunshine and high temperatures.
		In April the desert blooms briefly and the monotonous ochre landscapes explode in reds, oranges and yellows.
		It sprawls across acres of desert on the outskirts of the city, and consists of corrals of camels and goats, avenues of red-clothed women squatting before silver jewellery, and clusters of trucks from which Uzbeks hawk everything from pistachios to car parts.
	asiarecipe.com /turinfo.html (3869 words)

	Turkmenistan in 1997
		Most of Turkmenistan is covered by the Karakum desert, a sun scorched, barren land bordered by the Amu Darya River and Uzbekistan in the north and fringed in the south by a few oases fed by the runoff from mountains that mark the borders with Iran and Afghanistan.
		Those who survived were put to work building the 1100 km long Karakum canal and using the Amu-Darya's water to grow cotton on the southern edge of the Karakum desert.
		The Karakum desert is really a no-man's land and it goes on and on...
	berclo.net /page97/97en-turkmenistan.html (1304 words)

	Travel & Tours in Turkmenistan - Tourist Sites in Turkmenistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Ashgabat is situated in the middle part of the foothill plain Kopetdag in an oasis near the Karakum Desert.
		Among the sands of the eastern Karakum the archaeologists excavated the monumental castles and temples, in size competing with the buildings of Assiria and Babylon.
		Lying in a large oasis of the Karakum Desert, on the Murghab River delta, Mary arose in 1884 as a Russian military-administrative centre 30 kilometres from the site of ancient Merv and was called Merv until 1937.
	www.sitara.com /turkmenistan/tour.html (3508 words)

	Gareth Morgan - Turkmenistan or Anyone for Desert?
		The obscene self aggrandisement with which its president, the self-proclaimed "Turkmenbashi" has adorned the capital city of Ashgabat; the spectacular Karakum desert that we traversed en route to the Aral Sea in the north; and the exploitation of the majority of its 6 million people, that has continued since the collapse of the Soviet Union.
		We were expecting some light relief from the fundamentalist regime that has been imposed on the people of Iran, and so it was with some excitement that we traversed the mountains that protect Turkmenistan's southern border from mullah expansionism.
		After a day's r and r in the salubrious surroundings of Ashgabat we set off across the Karakum desert to find the population of this desert fiefdom.
	nbr.infometrics.co.nz /turkmenistan-or-anyone-for-desert-_1013.html (875 words)

	STANTOURS - Turkmenistan - Culture Tours - Turkmenistan and Beyond
		Crossing the Karakum desert on the way back you will stay overnight in traditional yurts in the oasis of Darvaza in the centre of the Karakum desert.
		The rise of Bukhara was in the 10- century-during the Samanid Dynasty, when Bukhara was its capital.
		You will have dinner and overnight in camps located in the centre of Karakum desert at Darvaza.
	www.stantours.com /tm_syl_ca_tb.html (451 words)

	Turn Right for Japan... route
		Dima mentioned that gas, water and electricity is free for all Turkmen citizens, and the people here have a reasonably high standard of living (thanks to the massive gas and oil reserves under the Karakum desert).
		I passed the biggest mosque in Asia, and after another hot period in the desert (and even hotter climb), I was approaching Ashgabat.
		A long day - 11:30 when we arrived here, the last 60km through complete desert; interesting change of landscape - sandy dunes, shrub, and some areas covered with stringy trees (their roots are 40m deep apparently).
	www.turnrightforjapan.com /reports_sub/report9.htm (3513 words)

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