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	Karaman - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-23)
		Karaman is a town in south central Turkey, located north of the Taurus Mountains, ca 100 km south of Konya.
		From 1275 Karaman was the capital of the emirate (and later Ottoman province) of Karamanid.
		In 1468 Karamanid was conquered by the Ottomans and in 1483 the capital of the province was moved to Konya.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Karaman (205 words)

	Murad II
		Murad's reign was marked by the long war he fought against the Christians of the Balkans and the Turkish emirates in Anatolia.
		The open hostilities lasted for 25 years, from 1423 to 1448, first against Venice, the emirate of Karaman, Serbia and Hungaria.
		Karaman was defeated in 1428 and Venice withdrawed in 1432 following the defeat at the second Siege of Salonika in 1430.
	www.teachtime.com /en/wikipedia/m/mu/murad_ii.html (226 words)

	Karaman - Historical Places - By Adnan Tuncel
		The ancient Larende was renamed "Karaman" after the chieftain of a Turkic tribe conquered the city c.1250 and set up the independent Muslim state of Karamania, which at one time comprised most of Asia Minor.
		The Region of 1001 Churches, the Karaman region, 150 kilometers from Konya is an undiscovered, mystical land of gently rolling hills and valleys, towering mountains, many monasteries, churches and chapel-complexes.
		Near Taskale, 48 km east of Karaman, on the rocky northern slope of Yesildere Valley, are the remains of the fascinating historical city of Manazan.
	www.geocities.com /ee_adnan/karaman.html (419 words)

	Karamanid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Flag of Karaman according to the Catalan Atlas c.1375
		The flag of Karaman may confuse many with what is now known as the Star of David.
		In medieval times however, this was not solely a Jewish symbol, but was also an Islamic one known as the "Seal of Suleyman", and was extremely popular amongst the Turkish Beyliks of Anatolia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Karaman_Emirate (237 words)

	Travel Guide To Turkey, Travel, turkey, GUIDE MARTINE,Turkey, Guide, Guide Martine, istanbul, Martine, turkey photos, ...
		Once the property of the Danışmendids and later of the Seljuk Turks, the city was named after the Karamanoğlu, of Turcoman origins, who had conquered the city ruled during a short period by the Latins and the Armenians.
		The emirate was united to the Ottoman Empire by Mehmet II in 1466.
		In the region of Karaman is ancient Derbe which was visited by St Paul.
	www.guide-martine.com /centralanatolia8.asp (882 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - - ARCHIVE - Emirate Court of Karaman
		The emirate of Karaman, situated in the southern regions of the Anatolian peninsula.
		Mamure Kalesi, the residence of the Emir of Karaman.
		Karamans position between Anatolia and Greece and the Persians lands of the Timurid Khan provide us with an excellent opportunity to set up a new trade route through our emirate which we hope shall run from the port of Isfahan and end in the port of Venice.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?s=551444dadb17a8f1c294e2dd71f21375&threadid=110993 (3440 words)

	Wikipedia: Ottoman Empire
		The Empire had suffered hard from the Interregnum; the Mongols were still at large in the east, even though Timur Lenk had died in 1405; many of the Christian kingdoms of the Balkans had broken free of Ottoman control; and the land, especially Anatolia, had suffered hard from the war.
		Murad fortified his borders against Serbia and Hungaria but did not try to retake Wallachia, instead he sent his armies to Anatolia where they defeated Karaman in 1428.
		When Mehmet the Conqueror had died, Bayezid was the governor of Sivas, Tokat and Amasya, Cem ruled the province of Karaman and Konya.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/o/ot/ottoman_empire.html (6149 words)

	FOCUS on TURKEY - South of Ankara
		The surrounding fortresses date from Seljuk times, although the town's most significant buildings, the Araboglu, Yunus Emre and Aktekke Mosques and the Hatuniye Medrese, were all built during the Karamanid reign.
		erbe, 30 km north of Karaman, at the foot of the extinct volcano Mt.
		ear Taskale, 48 km east of Karaman, on the rocky northern slope of Yesildere Valley, are the remains of the fascinating historical city of Manazan.
	www.focusmm.com /ank_07.htm (785 words)

	WHKMLA : Military History of Anatolia
		In 1345 the Ottomans conquered the Emirate of Karasi, in 1389-1391 Saruhan, Aydin, Menteshe, Germiyan, Hamidali, in 1397 Karaman.
		Sinope was conquered in 1458, Trabzon in 1461, Karaman in 1484.
		Eastern Anatolia was conquered by the Ottomans in a conflict with Safavid Persia and Mamluk Egypt 1514-1517.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/asmin/anatmilhist.html (677 words)

	Indigo Tourism
		Karaman was once the capital of the Karamind Emirate, the first Turkish state to use Turkish instead of Persian as its official language.
		The Region of 1001 Churches, the Karaman region, 150 kilometres from Konya is a largely undiscovered, mystical land of gently rolling hills and valleys towering mountains, with monasteries, churches and chapel complexes.
		Built during Byzantine times, the entire city of narrow lanes, houses, squares, storage facilities, chapels and cemeteries (occupying an area approximately three kilometres long and five stories high) was carved into the rocky hillside of the valley.
	www.indigotour.com /cent_anatolia_region.php (5290 words)

	Rise of the Ottoman Empire - Bvio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-23)
		The war between Serbia and Hungaria and the Ottoman Empire had come to a standstill in 1441 when the Holy Roman Empire, Poland, Albania, and the emirates Candaroğlu and Karamanid (in violation of the peace treaty) intervened against the Ottomans.
		After the Balkan front was secured, Murad turned east and defeated Timur Lenk's son, Shah Rokh, and the emirates of Candar and Karaman in Anatolia.
		But by conquering and annexing the emirate of Karamanid (May-June, 1451) and by renewing the peace treaties with Venice (September 10) and Hungary (November 20) he proved his skills both on the military and the political front and was soon accepted by the noble class of the Ottoman court.
	bvio.ngic.re.kr /Bvio/index.php/Rise_of_the_Ottoman_Empire (2310 words)

	Karamanid - TheBestLinks.com - Karaman Emirate, Anatolia, Ottoman Empire, 13th century, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-23)
		Karamanid - TheBestLinks.com - Karaman Emirate, Anatolia, Ottoman Empire, 13th century,...
		Karaman Emirate, Karamanid, Anatolia, Ottoman Empire, 13th century, 1483, 1486...
		You can add this article to your own "watchlist" and receive e-mail notification about all changes in this page.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Karaman_Emirate.html (190 words)

	Genealogy for the TURK Surname
		At first they were used as mercenaries by the Abbasids, but soon the Turks became the actual rulers of the empire.
		In Asia Minor the sultanate of Konya was taken over, after the Mongol wave had receded, by the emirate of Karamania (see Karaman), but the Osmanli Turks completed the overthrow of the Byzantine Empire.
		A minor tribe and the last of the Turkish invading peoples, the Osmanli had been assigned (13th cent.) to the border area of the Byzantine Empire by their Seljuk overlords.
	www.turkgenealogy.com /turkhistory/encyclopedia_of_turk.htm (862 words)

	Karamanid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-23)
		In 1256 the town Laranda was captured and Karaman.
		It became the capital of the state in 1275.
		Karamanid later became an emirate and it was one of the powerful adversaries of the Ottoman Empire in Anatolia.
	www.freeglossary.com /Karaman_Emirate (312 words)

	A General History of the Near East, Chapter 12
		Their realm in central Turkey was divided into two emirates, Kastamuni in the north and Karaman in the south.
		Among this plethora of petty emirates Karaman was at first the strongest, since it inherited the Seljuk cities of Konya (Iconium) and Kayseri (Caesarea), but gradually power shifted to the Ottomans.
		His main rival to the east, the emir of Karaman, opposed this move, and in 1386, while Murad was campaigning in Europe, the Karamanians occupied the disputed territory.
	xenohistorian.faithweb.com /neareast/ne12.html (11143 words)

	Hotel Istanbul, Hippodrome Hotel in Sultanahmet, Turkey Touristic Places Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-23)
		At Ivriz, a Hittite site 168 km east of Konya and 18 km south of Eregli, you can see one of Turkey's finest neo-Hittite reliefs of a king and god of bountiful crops.
		Karaman was once the capital of the Karamanid Emirate, the first Turkish state to use Turkish, instead of Persian, as its offical language.
		Derbe, 30 km north of Karaman, was an important early Christian site-, one of the many where St. Paul preached the gospel.
	www.hippodromehotel.com /guide/turkey_touristic_places_konya.html (879 words)

	Wars of Ottomans - AboutTurkey.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-23)
		Ottoman conquest of Emirates of Saruhan (capital Birge/Pergamon), Aydin (capital Manisa/Magnesia), Menteshe, Germiyan, Hamideli
		Karaman and Candar allied with Emperor, Poland against Ottoman Empire
		Emirate of Black Sheep Turks (Qara Qoyunlu) conquered by White Sheep Turks (Ak Qoyunlu)
	www.aboutturkey.com /turkey/history/Ottomans/Wars_of_Ottomans.shtml (246 words)

	History of Jihad against the Serbs, Croats, and Albanians (1334 to 1920) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-23)
		This emirate was a remnant of the Seljuks whom the Ottoman had displaced.
		This emirate was an ally of the Byzantine empire and an enemy of the Ottoman power
		The war between Serbia-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire continued in 1441 when the Holy Roman Empire, Poland, Albania, and the emirates Candar and Karaman intervened against the Ottomans.
	www.historyofjihad.org /serbia.html?syf=contact (6711 words)

	Mosiac Earth 7: Asia and Austraila - Page 2 - AlternateHistory.com Discussion Board
		Much of the old Cilician Kingdom was held by Karaman, to the west.
		His capital city of Karaman was swarming with Greeks...
		Eventually, Constantine Angelus, with only covert assistance from us, gained the support of most of the troops in the city, and the Emirate of Karaman became the Protectorate Kingdom of Cilicia...
	www.alternatehistory.com /Discussion/showthread.php?t=14691&page=2 (2614 words)

	[No title]
		At Ivriz, a Hittite site 168 km east of Konya, you can see one of Turkey's finest neo-Hittite reliefs of a king and fertility god.
		Karaman, once the capital of the Karamanid Emirate, was the first Turkish state to use Turkish, not Persian, as the official language.
		Derbe, 30 km north of Karaman, at the foot of the extinct volcano Mt.
	www.armory.com /~turkiye/turkey/bolge/seankara.html (2936 words)

	Freshwater Fishes of Iran, Bibliography - Introduction
		G., Bayliss, D. and Whittaker, J. The terminal Tethyan event: A critical review of the conflicting age determinations for the disconnection of the Mediterranean from the Indian Ocean, p.
		Fossil Vertebrates of Arabia with Emphasis on the Late Miocene Faunas, Geology, and Palaeoenvironments of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
		A re-description of Leuciscus zrmanjae (Karaman, 1928) and new data on the taxonomy of Leuciscus illyricus, L.
	www.briancoad.com /bibliography/complete_bibl.htm (12241 words)

	Bayezid I -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-23)
		To build a strong Islamic and Turkish base for his domain, Bayezid began to widen Ottoman suzerainty over the Turkish-Muslim rulers in Anatolia.
		He annexed various Turkmen emirates in Anatolia and defeated the Karaman emirate at Akçay (1397).
		These conquests brought Bayezid into conflict with the Central Asian conqueror Timur (Tamerlane), who claimed suzerainty over the Anatolian Turkmen rulers and offered refuge to those expelled by Bayezid.
	0-www.search.eb.com.library.uor.edu /eb/article-9013876 (232 words)

	Mohammed, II Biography / Biography of Mohammed, II Biography
		Mohammed, more than any other sultan, made good the Turkish domination of Asia Minor.
		During the 1460s he conquered the long-independent emirate of Karaman.
		When Uzun Hasan, the Turkoman ruler, attempted to challenge Mohammed in eastern Asia Minor, the Sultan defeated him in the decisive battle of Otluk-beli near Terdshan on the upper Euphrates in 1472.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-mohammed-ii (760 words)

	AlternateHistory.com Discussion Board - Mosiac Earth 7: Asia and Austraila
		He had been able to expand his Empire further on that no other Persian monarch in long time, but that threat was there.
		The information were clear the territories of the Emirates of Hyderabad, Turbat, Quetta, Sukkur, Lahore and Peshawar had been occupied by the British.
		Nevertheless the Turks had not moved, in fact the information were that there were no Turkish forces in the border.
	www.alternatehistory.com /discussion/printthread.php?t=14691&pp=40 (4952 words)

	Ihlara Valley, Konya, Mevlana, Aksehir, Iconium, Sivrihisar, Karaman, Sultanhani, Caravanserais by Turkish Travel
		Ihlara Valley, Konya, Mevlana, Aksehir, Iconium, Sivrihisar, Karaman, Sultanhani, Caravanserais by Turkish Travel
		The Melendiz River, at lhlara, has eroded the banks into an impressive canyon.
		Karaman, once the capital of the Karamanli Emirate,
	www.turkishtravel.com /central_anatolia04.htm (785 words)

	» Karaman: Turkey :: Europe Travel Guide :: Travel to Europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-23)
		» Karaman: Turkey :: Europe Travel Guide :: Travel to Europe
		» Europe Travel Guide > Turkey Cities > Karaman: Turkey
		Copyright © Travel to World All rights reserved.
	europe.traveltoworld.com /europe-travel-guide/971/karaman-turkey (567 words)

	Armed Forces of the World RE:My top 20 Greatest Commander of all time list. - continue StrategyPage.com
		Even in his latest battles he had at most 12,000 soldiers but he decisively won all of his 16 battles.
		he defeated Byzantium, Serbians, Bulgarians, Wallachians, Hungarians, Karaman Emirate, Crusaders, Bosnians.
		On his death Pope ordered every Catolic Church to rang their bells to celebrate.
	www.strategypage.com /messageboards/messages/30-23656.asp (707 words)

	The world's top karaman province websites
		It has an area of 8 816 km².
		According to the 2000 census, Karaman has a population of 243 210.
		Help build the largest human-edited directory on the web.
	dirs.org /wiki-article-tab.cfm/karaman_province (95 words)

	The Whirling Dervishes
		The Seljuks captured it, lost it to the Crusaders, and recaptured it.
		Control was finally lost to the Emirate of Karaman until Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror declared Konya an Ottoman city in 1476.
		It remained under Ottoman rule until 1923 when Mustapha Kemal led a military revolution and made all of Turkey a Republic.
	www.cassiopaea.org /cass/dervish.htm (10095 words)

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