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	Korla - Definition, explanation
		Korla (simplified Chinese: 库尔勒; pinyin: Kù'ěrlè) is a city south of Karashahr (Yanqi), and is the capital of the Bayinguoleng Mongolian Prefecture, the largest prefecture in China.
		Korla has long been the biggest centre in the region after Karashahr itself, having abundant water and extensive farmlands, as well as controlling the main routes to the south and west of Karashahr.
		The Iron Gate Pass (Tiemenguan) leading to Karashahr is about 7 km (4 miles) north of the city and, as it was easily defended, played an important part in protecting the ancient Silk Roads from raiding nomads from the north.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/k/ko/korla.php (429 words)

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	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Kashgar
		In 270, four states from the Western Regions were said to have presented tribute: Karashahr, Turfan, Shanshan, and Kucha.
		The "Songji" of the Zizhi Tongjian records that in the 5th month of 435, nine states: Kucha, Kashgar, Wusun, Yueban, Tashkurghan, Shanshan, Karashahr, Turfan and Sute all came to the Wei court.
		In a series of campaigns between 652 and 658, with the help of the Uyghurs, the Chinese finally defeated the Western Turk tribes and took control of all their domains, including the Tarim Basin kingdoms.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Kashgar (3574 words)

	Other Followers of Buddhism
		Travellers were impressed by the number of monasteries and stupas which had been built by the Kucheans.
		The Buddhism of Kucha influenced other states along the northern Silk Road (such as Turfan and Karashahr) and Kuchean Buddhist missionaries travelled further eastward, some of them reaching China.
		A large Shravakayana canon was translated into Uighur, mainly from the language of Kucha and Karashahr.
	idp.bl.uk /education/buddhism/others/others.html (652 words)

	Kashgar
		In 270 AD, four states from the Western Regions were said to have presented tribute: Karashahr, Turfan, Shanshan, and Kucha.
		The "Songji" of the Zizhi Tongjian records that in the 5th month of 435 AD, nine states: Kucha, Kashgar, Wusun, Yueban, Tashkurghan, Shanshan, Karashahr, Turfan and Sute all came to the Wei court.
		102, Chapter on the Western Regions, the kingdoms of Kucha, Kashgar, Wusun, Yueban, Tashkurghan, Shanshan, Karashahr, Turfan and Sute all began sending envoys to present tribute in the Taiyuan reign period (435-440 AD).
	www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.gourt.com%2F%3Farticle%3DShule%26type%3Den (4029 words)

	Korla-Korla Tours China tours China Travel [Oriental Discovery Net] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Korla is a city south of Karashahr, and is the capital of the Bayin'gholin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, the largest prefecture in China.
		It is about 47 km southwest from Karashahr to Korla.
		The Iron Gate Pass leading to Karashahr is about 7 km north of the city and, as it was easily defended, played an important part in protecting the ancient Silk Roads from raiding nomads from the north.
	www.orientaldiscovery.com /view_city.asp?viewid=59 (377 words)

	Rong Xinjiang - Sogdians around Ancient Tarim basin - Transoxiana Eran ud Aneran
		On the northern Silk Road across the Tarim basin, the name Sogdian is known in the so-called 'Tumshuqese' as sudana-.
		The sites Douldour-aqour and Kumtura near Kucha, and Ming-oi near Karashahr yielded the business documents and Buddhist inscriptions and texts in Sogdian.
		In result, we can link up their trade and missionary route between the homeland of the Sogdians in Sogdiana and their colonies in Tun-huang as far as Chang-an.
	www.transoxiana.org /Eran/Articles/rong_xinjiang_abs.html (299 words)

	non-Chinese in Turfan
		In the Six Dynasties, Sui, and Tang dynasties the term "hu" came to refer to the people of deep eye-sockets and high noses who lived in the far western regions of modern China.
		Most of non-Chinese who appear in the Turfan records came from Sogdiana (the Persian-speaking region near modern Samarkand, in Uzbekistan), Tashkent, Tokharistan (Badakhshan in northern Afghanistan), Karashahr (Yanqi in Xinjiang), Kuche (also in Xinjiang), and the other small kingdoms south of the Tianshan Mountains in modern Xinjiang.
		This article begins with a brief survey of artifacts that reveal how contemporary artisans depicted the non-Chinese.
	www.sino-platonic.org /abstracts/spp119_turfan.html (319 words)

	Leading online travel service in China specialized in discounted air ticket and hotel reservation.
		By the time they reached the border, seven months later, only 70, 000 were left - fewer than half of those who had set out.
		Emperor Qianlong (reigned 1736-96) received the Torguts hospitably, granting them grazing lands in the Karashahr and Yili regions of Xinjiang and presenting them with gifts of horses, sheep, cloth, tea and yurts.
		The Torguts wintered around the shores of Baghrash Lake and passed the summer in the valleys of the Heavenly Mountains, much as they do today.
	english.ctrip.com /Destinations/DistrictIntroduction.asp?District=429 (435 words)

	BRILL
		See www.paulyonline.brill.nl for more information and a demo version.
		Home > Catalog > Browse by Subject > The Eastern Chin and Sixteen Kingdoms Period in China and Tumshuk, Kucha and Karashahr in Central Asia The Eastern Chin and Sixteen Kingdoms Period in China and Tumshuk, Kucha and Karashahr in Central Asia
		Furthermore, by incorporating extensive religious and historical materials, this work not only contributes to clarifying the regional characteristics of the art, but also offers new insights into the broader, interregional relationships of this politically fragmented period.
	www.brill.nl /product.asp?ID=10119 (639 words)

	BRILL
		Home > Catalog> Browse by Subject> The Eastern Chin and Sixteen Kingdoms Period in China and Tumshuk, Kucha and Karashahr in Central Asia
		The Eastern Chin and Sixteen Kingdoms Period in China and Tumshuk, Kucha and Karashahr in Central Asia
		ISBN-13 (i)The ISBN (International Standard Book Number) has been changed from 10 to 13 digits on 1 January 2007:
	www.brill.nl /print.aspx?partid=10&pid=10119 (294 words)

	Ethics of China 7 BC To 1279 by Sanderson Beck
		An administrative protectorate was established there along with one in the north for Mongolia, in the east for southern Manchuria, and in the south called Annan, which later gave the name Annam to Vietnam.
		The state of Karashahr began paying tribute to the Tang in 632; but an alliance with the Western Turks made them stop until the Chinese invaded and occupied Karashahr in 644, defeating the Western Turkish army.
		This war caused Kucha to stop paying tribute until the Tang army defeated them in 648.
	www.san.beck.org /AB3-China.html (20851 words)

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