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Topic: Kardashev scale

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	Kardashev civilizations
		Kardashev explored the consequences of a Type II or III civilization diverting all of its non-essential power resources into an effort to communicate with other races.
		Kardashev argued that an Ozma-like search would be unlikely to detect a Type I civilization and that SETI programs should concentrate instead on looking for the kind of intense radio signals that might emanate from Type II or III activity.
		Kardashev's claim that this was indicative of a possible artificial origin caused a short-lived sensation.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/K/Kardashevciv.html (521 words)

	[No title]
		Kardashev's typology is based on a belief that we can categorize super civilizations by their energy consumption. But on the one hand we can imagine an advanced civilization which conquers either its own solar system or its galaxy without reaching the second or third level of the Kardashev Scale.
		Kardashev assumed that the annual increase of energy consumption would be a 1% per year in the future (at least), and so we would have to wait 3200 years before reaching the second level; and 5800 years before we would consume the energy of all the stars of a galaxy.
		Both Kardashev's contribution to SETI and the historical role of his scheme are unquestionable, but it is possible to create another classification to indicate an advanced civilization without guessing their energy use.
	contactincontext.org /cic/v2i2/farewell.htm (2066 words)

	Kardashev scale (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Kardashev scale is a general method of classifying how technologically advanced a civilization is, first proposed in 1964 by the Russian astronomer Nikolai Kardashev.
		A possible contender for the advancement to a Type I civilization is to begin the heavy use of ocean thermal energy conversion, wind turbines and tidal power to obtain the energy received by Earth's oceans from the Sun.
		However, the Kardashev scale is of use to SETI researchers, science fiction authors, and futurists as a theoretical framework.
	publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/k/ka/kardashev_scale.html (491 words)

	postal scale (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Kardashev scale projections ranging from 1900 to 2100.
		The Kardashev scale is a general method of classifying how technologically advanced a...
		The Fujita Tornado Intensity Scale is used to rate the intensity of a tornado by examining the damage caused by the tornado after it has passed over a...
	sbrmi.com /postal-scale/2006/06/kardashev-scale-wikipedia-free.html (272 words)

	Kardashev scale - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		When transformed from a scale of energy use measurement into a predictive, or normative, description of desirable future technology the Kardashev scale becomes teleological: it predicts an "end of history".
		The transition between Kardashev scale levels could potentially represent similarly dramatic periods of social upheaval, since they entail surpassing the hard limits of the resources available in a civilization's existing territory.
		Kardashev's theory can be viewed as the expansion of some social theories, especially from social evolutionism.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kardashev_scale (2541 words)

	What is the Kardashev Scale?
		The Kardashev scale is a way of classifying how technologically advanced a civilization is. The scale originally ranged from Type I to Type III, although in recent years Type 0, Type IV and Type V civilizations have been informally added.
		Kardashev's original definition for the threshold between a Type 0 and Type I civilization was one with an available power level of 4 x 10^12 Watts.
		Kardashev Type V, of course, would be a civilization that occupies the entire universe.
	www.wisegeek.com /what-is-the-kardashev-scale.htm (468 words)

	Kardashev scale
		The Kardashev scale is a general method of classifying how technologically advanced a civilization is, first proposed in 1964 by the Russian astronomer Nikolai Kardashev.
		Although intermediate values were not discussed in Kardashev's original proposal, Carl Sagan attempted to extrapolate and calculated humanity's current civilization to be 0.7.
		A possible contender for the advancement to a Type I civilization is to begin the heavy use of ocean thermal energy conversion, wind turbines and tidal power to obtain the energy received by Earth's oceans from the Sun.
	www.askfactmaster.com /Kardashev_scale (1667 words)

	Colonisation - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		This is largely seen as beginning with nomadic horsemen from Asia moving into the richer pasture land to the west and so forcing the people there to move further west and so on until eventually the Franks and their ilk were forced to invade the Roman Empire beginning the Dark Ages.
		The dark ages saw the large scale movement of peoples establishing new colonies all over western Europe, the events of this time saw the development of many of the modern day nations of Europe such as the Huns colonising Hungary, the Franks in France and Germany and the Anglo-Saxons in England.
		The ultimate expression of this view is the Kardashev scale which assumes that a single dominant intelligent species is fated to take over all energy on one planet, then one star, then a whole galaxy full of stars.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/c/o/l/Colonisation.html (1319 words)

	Wikinfo \| Kardashev scale (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The scale can be used as a theoretical basis, from political advocacy to teleological cosmology.
		Kardashev developed three categories, based on the amount of usable energy a civilization has at its disposal to harness, and increasing from there logarithmically.
		However, the Kardashev scale is of use to SETI researchers, science fiction authors, and futurists as a theoretical framework for how theoretical, even likely, alien civilizations would be progressing, and how we might progress in the millennia to come.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Kardashev_scale (2791 words)

	Kardashev scale
		The Kardashev scale is a general method of classifying the magnitude of a civilization, first proposed in the 1960s by the Russian astronomer Nikolai Kardashev[?].
		It has three categories, based on the amount of usable energy a civilization has at its disposal and increasing logarithmically:
		However, the Kardashev scale is of use to SETI researchers, science fiction authors, and futurists as a theoretical framework.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ka/Kardashev_scale.html (237 words)

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	Kardashev scale - ExampleProblems.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Although intermediate values were not discussed in Kardashev's original proposal, Carl Sagan argued that they could easily be defined by interpolating the values given above.
		An example in science fiction of beings with energy usages in the range of Type VII is in Isaac Asimov's short story The Last Question, where AC, the final descendant of both man and machine, starts a new universe with the words "Let there be light!".
		Nikolai Kardashev's article On the Inevitability and the Possible Structures of Supercivilizations, where he explains that with increasing energy levels come increasing technology, decreasing cohesiveness, and varying likelihood of survival and contact, largely is a guide to this section.
	www.exampleproblems.com /wiki/index.php/Kardashev_scale (2875 words)

	Nuclear power - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		India is also building a bigger scale FBTR or fast breeder thorium reactor to harness the power with the use of thorium.
		Reprocessing of civilian fuel from power reactors is currently done on large scale in England, France and (formerly) Russia, will be in China and perhaps India, and is being done on an expanding scale in Japan.
		Nuclear power, coal, and wind power are currently the only realistic large scale energy sources that would be able to replace oil and natural gas after a peak in global oil and gas production has been reached (see peak oil).
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Nuclear_power (9459 words)

	Future Hi: Kardashev Civilizations
		He identified three high-level types and defined a logarithmic scale in terms of the power they could muster for the purpose of interstellar communications.
		Using Sagan’s suggestion of a more accurate gradation of scale, Star Trek is closer to a 2.1 or 2.2 on this scale, as they have only explored less than a 1/10 of the galaxy.
		If we take Kardashev literally, then even Star Trek has not yet achieved level 2, they would be closer to a 1.7 or 1.8, since they have not yet tapped into ALL of a stars energy.
	www.futurehi.net /archives/000105.html (1539 words)

	Qwika - similar:SETI
		This equation was devised by Dr. Frank Drake in the 1960s in an attempt to estimate the number of extraterrestrial civilizations in our galaxy with which we might come in contact.
		Nikolai Kardashev Nikolai Semenovich Kardashev (Никола́й Семёнович Кардашёв) (born April 25, 1932) is a Russian astrophysicist, and is the deputy director of the Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow.
		Space opera is a subgenre of speculative fiction or science fiction that emphasizes romantic adventure, interstellar travel, and space battles where the main storyline is centered around interstellar conflict and character drama.
	www.qwika.com /rels/SETI (1552 words)

	SETI
		Even limiting an interstellar mission to 1% of the speed of light and assuming it takes a millennium for a society to get to the point where it can mount two interstellar missions, this still means the galaxy would be completely populated in 20 million years.
		The negative results do place limits on the proximity of certain "classes" of alien civilizations, as specified in a scheme proposed by Soviet SETI researcher Nikolai S. Kardashev in the early 1960s called the Kardashev scale and later extended by Carl Sagan.
		Assuming that an alien civilization is actually transmitting a signal that we could pick up, the searches so far rule out a Type I civilization within a spherical radius of 1,000 light-years, though there may be many civilizations comparable to our own within a few hundred light years that have remained undetected.
	encyclopedia.codeboy.net /wikipedia/s/se/seti.html (4767 words)

	PhotonSwarm Futurology Article - Dyson sphere
		The concept was popularised by Freeman Dyson in a paper published in a 1959 Science journal, though Dyson was inspired by a science fiction novel called Star Maker by Olaf Stapledon.
		The Kardashev scale is a method of classifying how technologically advanced a civilisation is, proposed in 1964 by Nikolai Kardashev.
		A Dyson sphere fits with Kardashev's Type II civilisation, in that it could be used to utilise the power output of a star.
	photonswarm.com /futurology/?article=11 (962 words)

	Kardashev Scale - Future - a Wikia wiki
		Kardashev scale projections ranging from 1900 to 2100.
		W. (Kardashev had originally defined Type I as a "Technological level close to the level presently attained on earth", "presently" meaning 1964.)
		There is also a hypothetical "type IV", which includes such fictional species such as the time-traveling Time Lords in the television series, "Doctor Who".
	future.wikia.com /wiki/Kardashev_Scale (293 words)

	Civilization - New World Encyclopedia Preview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Kardashev scale, proposed by Russian astronomer Nikolai Kardashev, classifies civilizations based on their level of technological advancement, specifically measured by the amount of energy a civilization is able to harness.
		The Kardashev scale makes provisions for civilizations far more technologically advanced than any currently known to exist.
		Currently, world civilization is in a stage that may be characterized as an "industrial society," superseding the previous "agrarian society." Some believe that the world is undergoing another transformation, in which civilizations are entering the stage of the "informational society."
	www.newworldencyclopedia.org /preview/Civilization (5328 words)

	PhotonSwarm Futurology Article - Dyson sphere
		The concept was popularised by Freeman Dyson in a paper published in a 1959 Science journal, though Dyson was inspired by a science fiction novel called Star Maker by Olaf Stapledon.
		The Kardashev scale is a method of classifying how technologically advanced a civilisation is, proposed in 1964 by Nikolai Kardashev.
		A Dyson sphere fits with Kardashev's Type II civilisation, in that it could be used to utilise the power output of a star.
	dir.tiraen.com /futurology/?article=11 (962 words)

	Just My Type: Kardashev Civilizations in SF and Beyond
		In this article, we will examine an established method for classifying civilizations and find out where we are, where we're headed, and just how far ahead of us the little green men may be.
		Nikolai Kardashev was what some might call a schemer.
		After turning things over in his head and picking his moment, the Soviet astronomer proposed in 1964 a scheme for classifying civilizations that has become quite popular—even if only transparently—in SF and in speculation about our future in space.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/6513/70188 (345 words)

	Immortality
		The following table gives a rough approximation of where Immortals fit in terms of the Kardashev Scale (more of which you can learn about
		Incidently, I am not sure if Kardashev Type II, III, IV, V, VI and VII should be Progress Levels 11-17 or Progress Levels 20-80 in multiples of ten (I suspect the latter, however I will leave the table as it is for now).
		This next table outlines how comic book characters would fit in with the Immortals Handbook.
	www.immortalshandbook.com /freestuff1.htm (283 words)

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