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Topic: Karelian people

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	Origin of the Karelian Bear Dogs
		Through the beginning of the ninth century, the Karelian people were one of the established tribes of Finland.
		Karelians lived scattered across a broad area, stretching from the southeast corner of present-day Finland eastwards to the Karelian isthmus, and in the north from the northern edge of Lake Ladoga to Lake Onega and on to the shores of the White Sea.
		Karelians were two distinct peoples, visible across language, culture, and religion -- Orthodox in the east and Lutheran in the west.
	www.karelianbeardog.us /kbdbreed_people.html (896 words)

	World congress on language policies
		Karelians are the titular people of the Karelian Republic in the North-West of Russia.
		Karelian was replaced by Finnish in Kare-lian schools of the Karelian Republic and by Russian in the Karelian schools of Tver Re-gion.
		In 1995, the Karelian government decree was is-sued to foster meeting the ethnocultural needs of the Karelians, Veps and Finns in the Republic of Karelia without breaking the existing social, economic and cultural intergra-tion of the peoples living there.
	www.linguapax.org /congres/taller/taller1/Krjuchkova.html (1626 words)

	The history
		Suomussalmi is one of the oldest settled regions in Finland.
		The reason why Karelians didn't like the new settlers was that Kainuu was an important trademen's route from the White Sea to the west.
		At the end of the Russian time a lot of people moved to America because they were unemployed and the army of the Russian tsar was recruiting Finnish men as soldiers for their wars.
	www.suomussalmenlukio.fi /en/history.htm (1050 words)

	The bardic villages of Viena in the 1900's
		Karelian families found themselves in an entirely Russian-speaking milieu, and many of the children forgot their mother tongue.
		Before the war, the villages of Viena were exclusively Karelian; thereafter, people moved into the area from other parts of the Soviet Union, in particular Ukraine and White Russia (Belarus), where many of the villages and cities had been partially or totally destroyed.
		Thanks to the courageous and resolute efforts of Karelian writers born in the bardic villages, the chair in the Finnish language was reinstated at the University of Petrozavodsk in 1963, and the
	www.juminkeko.fi /viena/en/1900luku.html (704 words)

	Karelia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Karelia is the land of the Karelian and Finnish peoples and is a vast inhabited area in Northern Europe of historical significance for Finland, Russia, and Sweden.
		The Karelian Isthmus belongs to the Leningrad Oblast.
		Tver Karelia denotes the villages in the Tver Oblast that are inhabited by Karelians.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Karelian (957 words)

	HUNMAGYAR.ORG - TURAN - KARELIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Karelian Labour Commune was formed in 1920, with Finnish as the language of administration and education, in accordance with the Tartu peace agreement.
		Based on the census of 1989, 47.9% of the Karelians in the Soviet Union indicated their mother tongue to be Karelian, 45.5% Russian, and 6.6% some other language; in the whole Russian Federation the numbers were 48.6%, 46.3%, and 5.1%, respectively.
		Rural Karelians are the Karelians’ hope of survival as a nation, but the hopes should be supported by an efficacious national policy, including the creation of circumstances for the proper functioning of the spoken and written Karelian language.
	www.hunmagyar.org /turan/karelia/karelia.html (916 words)

	Karelian Bear Dog Information
		This is not a breed for the casual pet owner, the Karelian Bear Dog is a hunter of unyielding bravery and determination.
		These early tribes of people survived on what they could hunt, which is why dogs that were hardy, brave and tough enough to tackle bear, wolf and lynx were so important.
		The Karelian Bear Dog was very popular towards the turn of the century when it could be found in vast numbers.
	www.dogbreedinfo.com /karelianbeardog.htm (863 words)

	Barentsinfo : Ulapland.fi/Kotisivut/Barents portal/Content by Category/Indigenous people/Veps
		The number of Karelians and the number of Karelian speakers both decreased during the Soviet era, mainly because the language was not taught in schools.
		The Karelians have established their own organisation for the revival of their own language and culture called "The Union of Karelian People".
		The Veps are recognised as indigenous people in the Republic of Karelia.
	www.barentsinfo.org /?deptid=15095 (582 words)

	Karelian language, alphabet and pronunciation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Karelian is a Finno-Ugaric language spoken by about 118,000 people mainly in the Russian Republic of Karelia, and also in Finland.
		Karelian is official considered a dialect of Finnish in Karelia, though there are moves to have it recognised as a second language.
		The earliest known example of written Karelian, and of writing in any Finnic language, is a birch bark letter found at Novgorod in 1957 which dates from the early 13th century.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/karelian.htm (254 words)

	KALTIO 3/2003: Santtu Karhu - the Bear's Revenge
		It was declared the common literary language and was compulsory language at school for Karelians and the Veps people.
		Their daughter came under the experience in kindergarten that Karelian is not welcome, and she refused to talk the language anymore even at home.
		Nowadays, there are many schools that teach in Karelian in the area, but the language has yet to gain the official status of a minority language.
	www.kaltio.fi /index.php?441 (1273 words)

	Karelian Expatriot Page
		In 1939 and again in 1944, the Karelians were forced to leave their country.
		The Finnish people were already preparing for war by September 6, and air-raid drills were being conducted all over Finland.
		The loss of Viipuri was a tragedy for all the people of Finland, but especially for the people who had to leave homes, graves, businesses and everything their ancestors had worked for.
	peacecountry0.tripod.com /antti.htm (4796 words)

	The Mick Sinclair Archive: Karelia
		Karelians are commonly considered the most vivacious people in a Finnish nation whose other inhabitants are generally (and rightly) regarded as taciturn.
		For a start(er), there are the ubiquitous karjalan piirakka,,oval-shaped Karelian pastries containing a gluey mix of rice and potato (delicious hot, disgusting cold), a moreish joy amid a national cuisine which, loosely summarised, is beef stew and cabbage with everything.
		If the idea of modern people as Karelian peasants, prancing around fields and reciting ancient poetry, strikes you as somewhat twee, feel free to the matter up with a foreign-looking middle-aged blonde who might be found high-kicking at Hammersmith Palais.
	micksinclair.com /timeout/kare.html (1111 words)

	Bear Bells with a Bark and a Bite, Alaska Science Forum
		A properly trained Karelian bear dog will guard homes, camps, and people by warning bears away, according to Hunt, a biologist with federal, state and private agencies for 20 years in Montana, Wyoming, New Mexico and Canada.
		Karelian bear dogs are handsome descendants of elk hounds with the body of a husky, right down to the curlicue tail.
		She hopes Karelians will be used by the public and by government agencies as tools to avoid bear encounters and to adversely condition problem bears.
	www.gi.alaska.edu /ScienceForum/ASF12/1246.html (657 words)

	Raising Maine Coon Cats with Dogs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Karelian Bear Dogs are considered a rare primitive dog with keen hunting instincts.
		Unlike many modern breeds of dogs created by man to meet show standards, the KBD is, according to available evidence, still close in morphology and behavior (appearance, temperament, and hunting style) to the aboriginal dogs of 15,000 years ago.
		Karelia, the region in which the breed developed, is the land of the Karelian people, a region of historical significance for Finland, Russia and Sweden.
	www.calimaine.com /about_karelian.html (566 words)

	The results of the public opinion poll concerning the use and protection of tne forests of Karelia
		Total of 2,338 people participated in the poll, including 725 in Petrozavodsk, 321 in Kostomuksha, 187 in Medvezhiegorsk, 74 in Kondapoga, 149 in Pitkjaranta, 131 in Pjaozjorskiy, 60 in Segezh, 74 in Sortavala, 76 in Suojarvi, 31 in Yushkozer and 510 people in small settlements all over Karelia.
		The overwhelming majority of Karelian people think that the main cause of the crisis is export of better timber abroad, which is exactly the thing that the forest complex management have spent their efforts to for the last 10 years and that the Russian Greens have been basically working against.
		The majority of Karelian people who know about all felling activities not from the papers think that valuable forests are restored only in some felling and slash areas or not restored at all.
	www.forest.ru /eng/publications/opros (1847 words)

	WWF \| WWF in Action \| Featured Projects \| Karelian Bear Dogs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Dangerous encounters with people often lead to the relocation or destruction of "problem" bears.
		Since 1999, WWF has funded an innovative program called "Partners in Life" in which Karelian bear dogs -- bred in Finland and Russia to be aggressive toward bears, originally for hunting purposes -- are trained to noisily but harmlessly chase both grizzly and fl bears away from areas of high use by people.
		If Karelians can deter bears from contact that may be dangerous to humans and themselves, the number of so-called "problem" bears that must be relocated or destroyed each year by wildlife managers should diminish.
	www.worldwildlife.org /action/conflict/karelian.cfm (290 words)

	Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Karelian literature during the Soviet regime was mostly Russian and Finnish.
		The majority of Karelian writers continued to use the Finnish literary language which is similar to the northern dialect of Karelian.
		Even in the beginning of the collectivisation it became evident that the new political system was hostile to the people and favoured destruction of the Karelian village and, as a result, eradication of age-old traditions, language and culture.
	web.quipo.it /minola/karelian/literature.htm (1160 words)

	Karjalane lehüt - Karelian page (in English)
		On Soviet language policy: The planning of the Karelian literary language in the 1930's - Licentiate's dissertation at the University of Joensuu (in Finnish)
		The Soviet national and linguistic policy in the Tver Karelia during the 1930's - Paper presented at the seminar of the Graduate school on Karelia, East Europe and Russia of the Joensuu University 18.4.1997 (in Finnish)
		The problem of the Karelian literary language in the 1930's and the 1990's - Paper presented at the international conference "Sociolinguistic problems in different regions of the world", Moscow, October 22-24, 1996
	www.geocities.com /Athens/4280/eng_index.html (416 words)

	Fire and Ice: People and Places
		The Winter War between Finland and the Soviet Union was fought in a very vast geographic area from Karelian Isthmus in the south to the Arctic Ocean in the north.
		Because of this, Finnish units on the Karelian Isthmus were rotated.
		The supply situation was excellent on the Karelian isthmus – Leningrad, the main supply base of the Northwestern Front, was just 60 miles from the frontline.
	www.wfyi.org /fireandice/people_places/day_in_the_life.htm (1154 words)

	Origin of the Karelian Bear Dogs
		Modern descendants of the Karelian Bear Dog were produced by interbreeding of the native Arctic wolf with southern domestic dogs, are called Bjornhund in Swedish or Karjalankarhukoira in Finnish.
		The Karelian people often used the Bear Dog for hunting small fur-bearing animals, such as squirrels and marten.
		Like the Norwegian Elkhound, the Karelian Bear Dog was also used in hunting moose, lynx, wolf and, as its name would suggest, hunting the Eurasian brown bear (a bear species as large and aggressive as the American Grizzly).
	www.karelianbeardog.us /kbdbreed_ancient.html (499 words)

	BJARM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Most likely the Finno-Ugric people, which were dispersed over a very large area in the first millennium were affected by the movements of Mongolian soldiers in the 1200's.
		Vepsä people, who are basically eastern Karelians, controlled much of this trade in Bjarm between Valkeajärvi and from the mouth of the Viena (Dvina), and Karelia.
		Culturally, the Bjarm and Vepsä are connected eastward in the sense that they tended to use dogs as draught animals, and as Adam Bremen states, "also used in battle." The use of dogs as draught animals comes all the way from northern Siberia and the uncharted Bjarm lands, westward.
	www.hunmagyar.org /turan/karelia/bjarm.html (1757 words)

	Seidan näytejuttu 2/06
		Karelian nature spirits tend to live alone on the place of their own power.
		People believed they could influence the supernatural beings directly through the usage of rituals, thus causing any given event to proceed the way the individual desired.
		The cause was looked from forest, water, earth, dead people etc. Walking by a cemetery after midnight could cause a severe rash as the spirits residing in the cemetery did not appreciate the late night disturbance.
	www.lehto-ry.org /karelia.html (2742 words)

	III World Congress of the Finno-Ugric Peoples, Helsinki 2000
		The Tver regional national and cultural autonomy of the Tver Karelians was founded and also 7 local autonomies, which build their work in accordance with the law of the Russian Federation on "National and cultural autonomy".
		The Karelian language is taught at schools, a college and the Tver state university.
		We wish that all the Karelians in the Earth had one written language or otherwise while we argue about dialects and sibilants and whistling sounds no Karelians could remain.
	www.suri.ee /kongress/kolmas/en/golovkin.html (515 words)

	MPR: From Karelia With Love
		A trio of Karelian folk musicians is in Minnesota to sing and play centuries-old music from their homeland.
		The instruments create an eerie and soulful introduction for a Karelian dance called Persuasion, which sounds like woodland spirits coaxing the sun to rise and then dancing in the warmth of the morning rays.
		The Karelian Folk Ensemble is winding up their North American tour in Minneapolis and in the central Minnesota community of New York Mills, a stronghold of Finnish-American culture where they are likely to be met by people who will sing and dance along on some of the tunes.
	news.minnesota.publicradio.org /features/200103/08_olsond_karelian (515 words)

	Karelian Bear Dog Breed Guide - Karelian Bear Dog Puppies - Karelian Bear Dog Breeders - Karelian Bear Dogs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Karelian Bear Dog and Puppy Central is a comprehensive online resource for those exploring the possibility of adding a Karelian Bear Dog puppy to their family.
		The Karelian Bear Dog is the big-game hunting canine of the Finnish people.
		Karelian Bear Dogs are handsome descendants of elk hounds with the body of a Siberian Husky, right down to the curlicue tail.
	www.dogpage.us /karelian-bear-dog-breed-guide.html (1301 words)

	FINLAND WW2: Expatriot Karelian Page
		This is The Karelian Expatriot Page about a family who lost their home in Karelia, and decided to travel to Canada and establish a new home there.
		Karelians evacuated their country because they wanted to be free.
		The Finnish people were already preparing for war by September 6, at which time practise air-raid drills were conducted all over Finland.
	uralica.com /antti.htm (4781 words)

	Timo Vihavainen: To whom does the Kalevala Belong? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		It was in the first half of the 19th century that learned society first began to cherish the instinctive wisdom of the common people.
		It was possible to maintain that this people had, during the course of history, produced nothing remarkable.
		The foremost researcher of the Finno-Ugric languages in the Soviet Union, D.V. Bubrich, considered that the solution was evident and unavoidable: the Finnish language – a bourgeois one – should be rejected in Karelia and replaced by the heavily Russified Karelian dialect which was spoken by the local population.
	dbgw.finlit.fi /fili/bff/299/vihavainen.htm (1751 words)

	Karelian Journal
		With the new Russia experiencing economic meltdown, the provincial Karelian government increasingly turns to its prosperous Scandinavian neighbors for economic aid and co-development projects that reestablish their common heritage.
		Centralizing rural people into a group housing not only negated the need for an expensive road and communications infrastructure, but made it far easier to keep control.
		Since the Karelian people serve as gatekeepers to the European portal of the greatest intact ecosystem on the planet, the moose, swans, otters, seals and whales inhabiting the vast Siberian wilderness would emerge as unanticipated victors of this alternate outcome.
	www.helsinki.fi /~lauhakan/whale/intersp/pages/karelia.html (5439 words)

	Finland: Uralic and Finno-Ugric People
		Eastern Karelian autonomic area will control their own economic affairs according to their requirements and in harmony with the overall economy of the Republic.
		As far as promises made to the Karelian people, no. In 1921, the Eastern Karelians, because of unkept promises, wanted independence from the Soviet Union and by October the people were ready for armed revolt.
		Thus the Finnish related people lost all representation promised them, and this was the beginning of the end for their language and culture.
	peacecountry0.tripod.com /fincoop.htm (2745 words)

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