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Topic: Kargil Conflict

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	CCC - Kargil Conference Report
		Kargil occurred because of the growing unease among the Pakistani military elite, who believed that the Indian army's successful management of insurgency in Kashmir was diluting their Kashmir cause, and also because they felt emboldened by an assumed annulment of Indian conventional superiority through Pakistan's nuclear acquisition.
		However, Ganguly conceded that the Kargil conflict showed that, despite the increased lethality of their military arsenals, Indian and Pakistani leaders might feel compelled to confine the theater of operations in a future conflict for fear of an escalatory spiral culminating in the resort to the threat of use, or actual use, of nuclear weapons.
		Public sensitivities on a national issue such as Kargil are evident from the record 5,000 million rupees contributed by the public toward the war effort and the rehabilitation of those affected by the Kargil conflict.
	www.ccc.nps.navy.mil /events/recent/may02Kargil_rpt.asp (4160 words)

	Kargil War -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Before 1947, (Click link for more info and facts about Kargil) Kargil was a part of (Click link for more info and facts about Gilgit-Baltistan) Gilgit-Baltistan.
		Kargil is nestled in the (A mountain range extending 1500 miles on the border between India and Tibet; this range contains the world's highest mountain) Himalayas, giving it a cool, temperate climate.
		Since the Kargil conflict, Indian defence preparedness has increased manifold as the government began spending more on state of the art equipment.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/k/ka/kargil_war.htm (617 words)

	Asia Times: Elections on time despite Kargil conflict
		Gill said the staggering of the polls was to facilitatemovement of para-military personnel from one part of the country toanother in the ''difficult'' circumstances.
		Sunday's announcement came as normalcy was reported returningto Kargil, with the Srinagar-Leh highway, the target of intenseshelling by the Pakistan army for the last two months, reopenedto civilian traffic.
		As the conflict escalated, an unprecedented possibility loomed - the postponement of elections, a decision which canlegitimately be made only by a sitting Lok Sabha.
	www.atimes.com /ind-pak/AG13Df01.html (335 words)

	Kargil and International Law-Part 3 from the New Delhi Press file; Embassy of India, Washington, DC
		The Kargil conflict has brought to the fore a number of violations of international humanitarian law applicable in armed conflict by the Pakistani army, its irregulars and the mercenaries under its command and control.
		In fact, it was open to either of or both the parties to the Kargil conflict to seek the services of the ICRC, particularly for the protection of the sick and the wounded, and the PoWs.
		India's hesitation in approaching the United Nations seeking a resolution of the Kargil conflict is understandable for a number of plausible reasons, in particular the past record of the U.N. in suppressio veri et suggestio falsi in relation to Kashmir.
	www.indianembassy.org /new/NewDelhiPressFile/Kargil_July_1999/3Kargil_International_Law.htm (1165 words)

	Conflict in Kargil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The bad news is that the Kargil crisis strongly indicates that the creation of overt nuclear capabilities by both sides did not provide corresponding political or military stability.
		Conflict over the Line of Control is not surprising, either, given the unresolved final disposition of the Kashmir problem and the continuing "little war" over the Siachen Glacier.
		On the contrary, it may have emboldened elements of the Pakistani military and/or political elites to try to expand the Low-Intensity Conflict in Kashmir in an effort to gain a strategic advantage, at a time when India's conventional escalation options are constrained by the nuclear dilemma and international opinion.
	www.arts.monash.edu.au /mai/savirtualforum/PaperHoyt1.htm (2037 words)

	Kargil Its aftermath
		India's sharp reaction to the Kargil episode is based primarily on three major factors - Firstly, there is a change in the tactics used by the Mujahideen.
		It is the first time that the Kargil episode has threatened India's hold on the Siachin Glacier, but the western world is coming to her aid.
		In the present conflict it is often overlooked that the main problem is not Kargil but the future status of the state of Jammu and Kashmir.
	www.defencejournal.com /jul99/kargil-aftermath.htm (1371 words)

	Pakistan Facts - (Pakistani) Army mothered Kargil to scuttle peace: CCC
		"Kargil was an attempt on the part of Pakistan army for regime sustenance by creating a war-like situation with India", says the study and adds: "The political impact of the Kargil was a deepening of mistrust between the army and the political establishment, which ultimately led to the ouster of the elected government".
		Being the first effort to study Kargil conflict from an international perspective, the participants of the research were internationally recognised political scientists, security analysts, and military professionals from the United States, Pakistan and India.
		Kargil stands as perhaps the final military effort on Pakistan's part to settle the Kashmir dispute by military means.
	www.pakistan-facts.com /article.php?story=2003012409315911 (2007 words)

	People in Kargil long for Peace
		KARGIL: With bated breath, they were waiting for the outcome of the India- Pakistan summit.
		For, yesterday almost all Kargil residents were forced to stay indoors to avoid becoming targets of unprovoked heavy shelling from across the border — after a lull of almost two years.
		Dr Deen Mohammad, Kargil’s deputy commissioner, said the strong craving for peace among the people of Kargil was because during 1999 conflict they had to leave their homes and belongings and seek shelter in the Zanskar Valley, which they don’t want to do again.
	www.jammu-kashmir.com /archives/archives2001/kashmir20010721c.html (354 words)

	Kargil - Wikitravel
		Kargil is in Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
		Kargil is small enough to walk from one end of town to the other easily.
		Kargil is a good place to stock up on trekking food, better than Padum for dry fruit and fresh veggies.
	wikitravel.org /en/Kargil (520 words)

	Strategic pointers from Kargil - New Delhi Press File
		The conflict in Kargil is one of closing in on the enemy for mortal combat and of physically evicting him.
		The Kargil conflict shows up new strategic dimensions which need to be understood for better management of national security.
		A conflict which could have been brought to a successful conclusion in a few weeks would now have to be conducted over some months at the least.
	www.indianembassy.org /new/NewDelhiPressFile/Kargil_June_1999/Strategic_Kargil.htm (1316 words)

	Defenceindia : Editorial : Lessons we must learn from the Kargil conflict
		By now the 1947, 1965, 1971 and 1999 conflicts should have taught the military rulers of Pakistan the lesson that using costly wars and proxy wars to keep the hounds of democracy at bay from their seats of power would not fool the people of Pakistan and the rest of the world for all times.
		Five years after Kargil, having lost the war of guns and grenades, Pakistan's war of diplomatic double-talk and saturated propaganda bombing too has not convinced either its Western allies and the Europeans, or some of the other Muslims countries, that Pakistan should be given the sanction of annexing Kashmir by military aggression.
		There might be more Kargils ahead because striking at neighbouring countries with their armed forces, dressed as guerillas and mercenaries or mujahideen was a tactic which had been honed into a fine art by Pakistan.
	www.defenceindia.com /26-jul-2k4/edit1.html (1081 words)

	CCC - Asymmetric Conflict in South Asia: The Kargil War
		The CCC Kargil Project aims to develop new insights into the 1999 India-Pakistan confrontation in central Kashmir, and to draw from these insights a better understanding of India-Pakistan military rivalry, asymmetric conflict, and the role of nuclear weapons in crisis dynamics.
		The conflict was a clear manifestation of a 50 year-old sub-continental rivalry that has portents of a nuclear conflagration affecting global peace and security.
		The confrontation was a revealing example of asymmetric conflict, wherein opposing combatants employ markedly different resources and strategies in an attempt to maximize their advantages and exploit the opponent's weaknesses.
	www.ccc.nps.navy.mil /research/kargil/index.asp (565 words)

	PAKISTAN’S LESSONS FROM ITS KARGIL WAR (1999): An Analysis
		The Kargil War (1999) against India was a military misadventure of the Pakistan Army master-minded and executed by Pakistan Army’s Chief of Staff, General Pervez Musharraf and now the self-anointed President of Pakistan.
		Kargil War was master-minded and launched by General Musharraf on his own personal decision and initiative, without taking PM Nawaz Sharif into confidence or bringing him into the picture at the outset.
		Therefore it is vital that the planning and operational conduct of this conflict (Kargil) is allowed to be critically discussed in military training institutions at all levels.
	www.saag.org /papers13/paper1231.html (3123 words)

	Kargil Conflict - PakDef Forums
		Kargil was an episode full of decite n deception, i can give you instances where PM in paricular was decived to the hilt and kept in the dark.
		For the first three weeks of the conflict, the IAF was involved in high-altitude unguided bombing which would not be recommended by planners where the wind flow is unpredictable and friendly troops are present.
		Kargil was done and claimed in such a way that we cannot even officially recognise the bravery of our men and officers.
	www.pakdef.info /forum/showthread.php?t=8167 (5632 words)

	Kargil and Nuclear Deterrence
		Though three bitter wars have been fought before, the Kargil conflict was qualitatively different and critical in that both countries declared themselves to be nuclear powers and one of them, Pakistan had not given up the "no first use" option in a conflict.
		he Kargil conflict was also a test for the United States as the conflict in one sense did not impinge on the national interests of USA.
		In the case of Kargil conflict, India made it clear in the beginning that the LOC will not be violated for a diversionary attack to relieve pressure in Kargil and that the conflict will be localised.
	www.saag.org /papers/paper71.html (1878 words)

	Defenceindia : Kargil Quick Facts.
		The Kargil War, also known as the Kargil conflict (I), was an armed conflict between India and Pakistan that took place between May and July 1999 in Kashmir.
		Before the Partition of India in 1947, Kargil was part of Gilgit-Baltistan, a region of many diverse linguistic, ethnic and religious groups, due in part to the many isolated valleys separated by some of the world's highest mountains.
		All these tactical reasons, plus the Kargil district being a Muslim majority, were probably contributing factors to why Kargil was chosen as the location to attack.
	www.defenceindia.com /defenceind/kargil_facts.html (2440 words)

	IPCS - Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies
		Sharif, before the Kargil conflict was inching dangerously close to becoming a democratic dictator after the passage of the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth amendments.
		Before the Kargil conflict, violence has had come down significantly in JandK and there was a widespread support for a political approach.
		Only the planners of Kargil would know what specific objectives they had in mind, but the fact remains, it cannot be termed a failure of Pakistan's military.
	www.ipcs.org /whatsNewArticle11.jsp?action=showView&kValue=1647&status=article&mod=b (792 words)

	The Kargil conflict
		THE dirtiest trick the Vajpayee government played on the valiant officers and soldiers who died at Kargil was to make political capital out of their supreme sacrifice.
		Kargil would never have happened but for the negligence of this government, the incompetence of George Fernandes and the failure of our intelligence services.
		This thoroughly researched, well-documented book by a former soldier-turned-politician is a detailed and graphic account of the Kargil war and the valour of the 10 battalions that fought at Kargil in near-impossible conditions and brought victory to India.
	www.hindu.com /fline/fl1823/18230770.htm (767 words)

	Kargil was Pakistan's biggest blunder
		For nearly three months the Kargil conflict threatened South Asia with the prospect of the first nuclear war since Hiroshima.
		Pakistan was made to retreat from the mountain tops in disgrace when it found itself internationally isolated and blamed for the conflict.
		Despite the Washington agreement,the Pakistani withdrawal and the Indian triumph, the Kashmir dispute poses a threat to peace and stability in South Asia.
	www.jammu-kashmir.com /archives/archives1999/99august05.html (1084 words)

	Wages of Kargil conflict -- Wither Pakistani economy? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Unless policy-makers are able to devise policies which raise higher living and consumption standards, the conflict could go on for another couple of decades.
		Though authorities in Pakistan have repeatedly denied that they have nothing to do in the Kargil conflict and it is the militants which are engaged in.
		However, recent events have shown that the conflict was backed by the overlordship of the Pakistani military authority which led to creation of conditions at Kargil.
	www.financialexpress.com /fe/daily/19990726/fex26047.html (1098 words)

	ipedia.com: History of Pakistan Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Indian involvement in East Pakistan also led to fighting in West Pakistan and Kashmir, and this entire conflict was the third war between the two nations, the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.
		A fragmentation in the governing coalition and the military's reluctance to support an apparently ineffectual and corrupt government were accompanied by a significant deterioration in law and order.
		The conflict arose due to advances made in Kashmir by Pakistani regular and irregular troops.
	www.ipedia.com /history_of_pakistan.html (3284 words)

	Institute of Islamic Studies and Centre for Study of Society and Secularism
		Now the Kargil conflict seems to be over and Pakistan, under international pressure and facing tough measures by the Indian Army, has decided to withdraw its intruders from Kargil area.
		The conflict in Kargil was not going to last for ever but Dilip Kumar's contribution in these fields will.
		The Kargil conflict was precipitated by politicians and the Army of Pakistan for their own survival and what Dilip Kumar was doing was build bridges and lessen the impact of such conflicts.
	ecumene.org /IIS/csss18.htm (1910 words)

	INDOlink - News & Analysis - The General and Kargil
		Seven years later Gen Musharraf offers his version of the Kargil conflict and says it was a major victory for Pakistan both militarily as well as diplomatically.
		This is contrary to Gen Musharraf's claims that Kargil was a preemptive response to a possible Indian offensive.
		Kargil, to some extent, forced the international community to rethink its views.
	www.indolink.com /displayArticleS.php?id=100706024802 (676 words)

	Kargil Conflict - II - PakDef Forums
		This thread is to discuss the military aspects of Kargil conflict.
		The president, who dealt with the Kargil war in a separate chapter in his autobiography, gave chronology of the events that led to the Washington decision regarding withdrawal of troops from Kargil.
		Kargill has become a complex for Indians on international forum and that is why again anf again they start this discusion.
	www.pakdef.info /forum/showthread.php?p=94837 (2421 words)

	tribuneindia... Jammu and Kashmir
		VAISHNO DEVI, July 5 — Nationalist fervour in the backdrop of Kargil conflict was clearly visible among a large number of devotees heading for a darshan of Mata Vaishno Devi shrine near here along the entire 12 km stretch of the Katra-Vaishno Devi route.
		Already the exercise on developing mule tracks from Kargil and Dras towns to hilly belts has been started so that in winter supplies could be sent to high altitude posts whenever strong winds and snow disrupt helicopter services.
		VAISHNO DEVI (JAMMU), July 5 (PTI) — Nationalist fervour in the backdrop of Kargil conflict was clearly visible among a large number of devotees heading for a darshan of Mata Vaishno Devi shrine near here along the entire 12 km stretch of the Katra-Vaishno Devi route.
	www.tribuneindia.com /1999/99jul06/j&k.htm (1501 words)

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