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	Karl Ernst von Baer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Karl Ernst von Baer (February 17, 1792 - November 26, 1876) was a Baltic German biologist and a founding father of embryology.
		Karl Ernst von Baer was born in Piibe, Estonia, many of his ancestors had come from Westphalia.
		Baer contibuted to studies in entomology and was a cofounder of the Russian Entomological Society.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Karl_Ernst_von_Baer (560 words)

	KARL ERNST VON BAER - LoveToKnow Article on KARL ERNST VON BAER
		Continuing his investigations alone von Baer extended them to the evolution of organisms generally, and after a sojourn at Berlin he was invited by his old teacher Burdach, who had become professor of anatomy at Konigsberg, to join him as prosector and chief of the new zoological museum (1817).
		Notwithstanding this, the " telic " idea, with the archetypal theory which it involved, possessed von Baer to the end of his life, and explains his inability to accept the theory of unbroken descent with modification when it was propounded by Charles Darwin and A. Wallace in 1858.
		In 1834 von Baer was appointed librarian of the Academy of Sciences of St Petersburg.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /B/BA/BAER_KARL_ERNST_VON.htm (725 words)

	Von Baer: bibliographical excerpts - human evolution
		In Russia, von Baer led expeditions to Novaya Zemlya and the Caspian Sea, founded Russian anthropology, made notable advances in ecology, established the law relating erosion of river banks to the earth's rotation, and, at the end of his long life, wrote some essays attacking the new Darwinian theory.
		Von Baer's systematic observations, and the laws of individual development that he correctly generalized from them, had an overwhelming significance in that they gave the necessary impetus to the beginning science of embryology and put an end to the preformance--epigenesis debate.
		"Von Baer had appended a statement to his fourth law: "It is only because the least developed animal forms are but little removed from the embryonic condition that they retain a certain similarity with the embyros of higher animal forms" (1828, p.
	www.serpentfd.org /b/vonbaer.html (1208 words)

	Karl Ernst von Baer (www.whonamedit.com)
		Karl's father, Magnus Johann von Baer, was an Estonian landholder whose estate, Piep (Piibe), Jerwen County (Järvamaa) in the Russian Baltic province, was modest in size.
		Baer was a patriotic Russian, as is clear from the zeal with which he carried out his duties for the academy and from his evident interest in Russian geography and ethnography.
		Baer held some belief in limited transformationism, the idea that one kind of animal species might during the course of history be transformed into another, but when Darwin's Origin of Species was published in 1859, Baer could not agree that all organisms could have evolved from a few progenitors.
	www.whonamedit.com /doctor.cfm/379.html (4095 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Karl Ernst von Baer (1792-1876) is known as one of the most versatile naturalists of the nineteenth century.
		With the name of Baer is associated a law in embryology stating that the embryological development of organisms goes from a simpler to a more complicated form, as well a law in geography concerning the effect of the force of the Earth's rotation on the formation of river beds.
		Baer is rightly considered the founder of anthropology and ethnography in Russia and a very important figure in the organisation, standardisation and development of anthropological research in Europe in the nineteenth century.
	www.ut.ee /EAR/Tammiksa.htm (193 words)

	BAER KARL ERNST VON (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Baer’s major contribution is the natural sciences consist in his many fundamental discoveries in biology, especially in the individual development (ontogenesis) of animals.
		In the later period of his life he was firmly opposed to the position that human beings originated from animal ancestors, although he admitted the possibility that the first human being could have arisen because of a sudden change of properties (mutation) in the fertilized egg-cell of a mammal living in the Quaternary period.
		Baer thought that we may treat it at best as an interesting scientific hypothesis, but in no case was it the crowning point of scientific knowledge.
	www.kul.lublin.pl /efk/angielski/hasla/b/baer.html (1504 words)

	Karl Ernst von Baer (1792-1876)
		Baer, Karl Ernst von (Karl Maksimovich), (17/28.02.1792 on the Estate of Piep (Piibe) Jerwen County (Järvamaa) - 16/28.11.1876, Dorpat (Tartu)) - a versatile Baltic-German naturalist.
		Born into the family of close relatives Magnus von Baer, the owner of the Estate of Piep and the Knight Commander of the Order of the Knights of Estonia, and his cousin Juliane von Baer.
		Schmidt etc. Baer was the initiator of the foundation of the Russian Geographical Society, and a founder of it together with F.v.
	www.zbi.ee /baer/biography.htm (1266 words)

	Developmental Biology Online: The Reception of Karl Ernst von Baer's Law
		Von Baer thought that the transformationists made a major error in equating the "type of organization" with the "grade of development." The grade of development was how specialized each organ was.
		Von Baer was not adverse to using his lively wit and sense of irony to ridicule transformationists.
		Von Baer perceived nature as a combination of diversity and underlying unity, with stringent limits placed on the extent to which such unity could be traced.
	www.devbio.com /article.php?ch=1&id=1 (1216 words)

	Developmental Biology Online: Biography of K. E. von Baer
		Baer, one of 10 children, spent his childhood with an uncle and aunt before he returned at the age of seven to his own family.
		Although Döllinger had suggested that Baer begin a study of chick development, he was unable to meet the expense of purchasing the eggs and paying an attendant to watch the incubators.
		Baer, however, was no strong adherent to the doctrine of transformation (the pre-Darwinian term for evolution).
	www.devbio.com /article.php?id=2 (1045 words)

	Karl Ernst von Baer Biography / Biography of Karl Ernst von Baer Main Biography
		The Estonian anatomist and embryologist Karl Ernst von Baer (1792-1876) was the first to describe the mammalian ovum.
		Karl Ernst von Baer was born in Piep on Feb. 29, 1792.
		On completion of his studies, Baer accepted a position as prosector in anatomy at the University of Königsberg, and in 1819 he was appointed associate professor of zoology there.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-karl-ernst-von-baer (684 words)

	Baer, Karl Ernst von (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Baer was born in Piep and studied at Dorpat (Tartu); at Vienna, Austria; and in Germany at Würzburg.
		Baer conceived that the goal of early development is the formation of three layers in the vertebrate embryo - the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm - out of which all later organs are formed.
		In his observations of the embryo, von Baer discovered the extraembryonic membranes - the chorion, amnion, and allantois - and described their functions.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/B/Baer/1.html (207 words)

	52 RECAPITULATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Even von Baer, recapitulation's nemesis, had to praise this application: "It [recapitulation] won more influence, as it proved itself fruitful; a series of malformations could be understood when they were considered as the consequence of a partial arrest of development at earlier structural stages" (1828, p.
		Ernst Haeckel's writings are sparing of praise and generous in skilled rhetoric of withering intensity against opponents.
		Karl Ernst von Baer (1792–1876) was a paragon of nineteenth- century science (Raikov, 1968).
	www.stephenjaygould.info /library/text/ontogeny/p0052.htm (371 words)

	Evolution - The reconstruction of phylogeny
		The characters von Baer called 'general' are in evolutionary terms ancestral; and his 'special' characters are evolutionarily derived: the successive transformations from general to special forms of a character are evolutionary changes between ancestral and derived character states.
		By the embryological criterion, cartilage is inferred to be an ancestral state, bone derived: the bone in bony fish evolved from a cartilaginous ancestry.
		The embryological criterion only works when von Baer's law is correct and while it is widely accepted to have some truth, it is also known to have exceptions.
	www.blackwellpublishing.com /ridley/tutorials/The_reconstruction_of_phylogeny14.asp (241 words)

	News in the College of Letters and Science, UC Berkeley
		Karl Ernst von Baer, for example, a renowned zoologist whom Darwin himself lauds in the Origin of the Species, granted partial validity to natural selection, but found that there were too many questions left unanswered by a theory that relied on chance variation and required enormous spans of time for the realization of species development.
		In a book from 1876 von Baer lists five questions for Darwinian theory, all of which are fairly typical for the thought of his contemporaries, and which have resurfaced in some form in many discussions today.
		Von Baer's own solution to what he conceived as Darwin's dilemma was derived from an analogy to the discipline he knew best: embryology.
	ls.berkeley.edu /new/deanscorner/0503bh.html (1031 words)

	Australia Immigration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Karl Ernst von Baer (February 17 1792 - November 26 1876) was a German-Estonian biologist and a founding father of embryology.
		Knight Karl Ernst von Baer was born in Piibe, Estonia, his ancestors had come from Westphalia.
		His full name is Karl Ernst Ritter von Baer, Edler von Huthorn.
	australiaimmigration.com /index.php?title=Karl_Ernst_von_Baer (516 words)

	A History of Science Volume IV - Part VI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		But as time went on many observers had their attention called to the peculiar characteristics of the contents of the cell, and were led to ask themselves whether these might not be more important than had been supposed.
		In particular, Dr. Hugo von Mohl, professor of botany in the University of Tubingen, in the course of his exhaustive studies of the vegetable cell, was impressed with the peculiar and characteristic appearance of the cell contents.
		But Von Mohl, as early as 1835, had called attention to the formation of new vegetable cells through the division of a pre-existing cell.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/sci/history/AHistoryofScienceVolumeIV/chap29.html (1238 words)

	Natural History: Abscheulich! - Atrocious! - the precursor to the theory of natural selection
		As the leading embryologist of the early nineteenth century, von Baer discovered the mammalian egg cell in 1827 and, in 1828, published the greatest monograph in the history of the field: Uber Entwickelungsgeschichte der Thiere (On the Developmental History of Animals).
		Darwin's book shook the aged von Baer from decades of inactivity in his former zoological realm, and this great man--whom Agassiz, in his last (and posthumously published) article of 1874, would call "the aged Nestor of the science of Embryology"--came roaring back with a major critique entitled Uber Darwins Lehre (On Darwin's Theory).
		Ernst Haeckel, with his characteristic mixture of gusto and bluster, fancied himself a Darwinian general embattled in Agassiz's first two stages, unfurling the new evolutionary banner not only for a biological truth but for righteousness of all stripes.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1134/is_2_109/ai_60026710 (1043 words)

	The Hutchinson Dictionary of Scientific Biography: Baer, Karl Ernst Ritter von (1792-1876)@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Estonian embryologist famous for his discovery of the mammalian ovum, who made a significant contribution to the systematic study of the development of animals.
		Baer was born on 29 February 1792 on his father's estate in Piep.
		The size of the family - he was one of ten children - forced his parents to send him to live with his paternal uncle and aunt, although his father was a wealthy landholder and district official.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1P1:99915726&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (186 words)

	Ucko (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Karl Ernst Baer (Karl Maximovich when he reached St Petersburg, later entitled Ritter von Baer) (b.1792 [Estonia) d.1876) studied medicine at university before working as an embryologist in Vienna and Wiirtburg.
		In 1846 Baer had also become Professor of Comparative Anatomy and Physiology in the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences and, by 1860, he and the Curator of the Ethnographic Museum were collaborating in an attempt to centralize the divided collections deriving from Peter the Great.
		Baer’s convictions about the unitary nature of Homo inspired others in their fundamentally sympathetic attitudes towards those living peoples whom they were later to study in the field, and fight for (e.g.
	www.wac.uct.ac.za /bulletin/wab6/ucko_paper.html (701 words)

	Additional Reading (from Baer, Karl Ernst, Ritter von, Edler Von Huthorn) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Clausewitz was a major writer on military strategy and a theorist whose ideas have had a wide influence on the conduct of war in the 19th and 20th centuries.
		Prussian field marshal and chief of staff Helmuth von Moltke was known among his colleagues as “the Golden Man,” and so he seemed to be with his brilliant military leadership, his skill as a writer, and his reputation for honesty and decency.
		Along with Napoleon, Alexander von Humboldt was one of the most famous men of Europe during the first half of the 19th century.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-548?tocId=548 (804 words)

	induction E-1
		The Baltic founders of modern embryology, von Baer, Rathke, and Pander each recognized that interactions between parts must be responsible for creating this diverse complexity of embryonic form.
		(Baer's outer parts of the eye are probably the eyelid and nictitating membrane, not the lens and cornea; so he missed presaging one of the great research programs of experimental embryology; see 3).
		In evoking electromagnetism, von Baer was relating development to one of the biggest scientific discoveries of his day.
	zygote.swarthmore.edu /regul1.html (2094 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Baer
		Baer, Karl Ernst von (1792-1876), Estonian naturalist and embryologist, one of the founders of the modern science of development and ranked among...
		But his thought has come down to us through the writings of his most important disciples, Dov Baer of Mezhirich and Yakov...
		The rights and interests of the laboring man will be protected and cared for, not by the labor agitators, but by the Christian men to whom God in...
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Baer.html (80 words)

	Developmental Similarities: Karl von Baer
		Baer was no fan of evolution, and so it was much to his chagrin that Darwin used his work to provide some of the most compelling evidence in Origin of Species.
		And indeed, studies on the DNA of sea squirts show that they are in fact the closest invertebrate relatives of vertebrates yet known.
		Since Baer's time, tunicates (several varieties of adults, left) have been found to be a bridge between invertebrates and vertebrates.
	evolution.berkeley.edu /evolibrary/article/0_0_0/history_10 (640 words)

	MEMO
		Ernst Haeckel, a German biologist, had supposedly shown that embryos from various vertebrates were identical in their earliest stages.
		Von Baer states that “‘the embryo of the higher form never resembles any other form, but its own embryo’” (as quoted in “Icons of Evolution, Science or Myth?”, page 84).
		Darwin quoted von Baer even though von Baer did not believe in the theory of evolution and strongly objected to it.
	cgca.net /slc-boi/Myth-.htm (435 words)

	Haeckel's embryo drawings were proven wrong in 1874 and are still in biology books - EvoWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Similarly, it was von Baer who noted that, in the early stages of development, it was often difficult to tell the embryos of different vertebrate classes apart.
		As noted by Gilbert, Haeckel's views had already been disposed of by von Baer in the 1830s.
		Von Baer's ideas of a nested hierarchy of embryological homology was more Darwinian and was in fact the greatest influence on Darwin's use of embryological evidence.
	wiki.cotch.net /index.php/Haeckel's_embryo_drawings_were_proven_wrong_in_1874_and_are_still_in_biology_books (421 words)

	AllRefer.com - Karl Ernst von Baer (Cell Biology, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - Karl Ernst von Baer (Cell Biology, Biography) - Encyclopedia
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	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/Baer-Kar.html (221 words)

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