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	Karl Jansky
		Karl Guthe Jansky was born in Norman Oklahoma October 22, 1905 (d.Feb.14, 1950), graduated with a degree in physics from the University of Wisconsin, and joined the staff of the Bell Telephone Laboratories in Holmdel, NJ, in 1928.
		Jansky was assigned the job of investigating the sources of static that might interfere with radio voice transmissions.
		Two men who learned of Jansky's discovery in 1933 were of great influence on the later development of the new study of radio astronomy: one was Grote Reber, who singlehandedly built a radio telescope in his back yard in 1937 and did the first systematic survey of radio waves from the sky.
	www.nrao.edu /whatisra/hist_jansky.shtml (719 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Karl Guthe Jansky
		Jansky was born in Norman, Oklahoma, to a Czech-American family.
		Karl's brother Cyril Jansky Jr., who was ten years older, helped build some of the earliest radio transmitters in the country, including 9XM in Wisconsin (now WHA of Wisconsin Public Radio) and 9XI in Minnesota (now KUOM).
		Two men who learned of Jansky's 1933 discovery were of great influence on the later development of the new study of radio astronomy: one was Grote Reber, a radio engineer who singlehandedly built a radio telescope in his Illinois back yard in 1937 and did the first systematic survey of astronomical radio waves.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Karl_Guthe_Jansky (848 words)

	Jansky
		The jansky (Jy), is sometimes called the flux unit, is the unit used mostly in radio astronomy to measure the strength, or more precisely the flux density[?], of radio signals from space.
		Although it is not an SI unit, the jansky is approved by the International Astronomical Union and is widely used by astronomers.
		It is named after Karl Jansky, the American physicist who discovered radio waves from space in 1930.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ja/Jansky.html (154 words)

	Jansky, Karl (1905-1950) Biography \| woes_01_package.xml
		Jansky recorded the intensity of the hiss-type static, and he observed that it peaked when the antenna was pointed at a certain part of the sky.
		Jansky had observed that the static was most intense when his antenna was aimed at the center of the Milky Way, the galaxy in which Earth is located.
		Jansky was, however, able to use his papers on "star noise" as a thesis for his master's degree.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/jansky-karl-1905-1950-woes-01 (1783 words)

	Today in Technology History - Oct 22
		Karl Guthe Jansky was born on October 22, 1905 in Oklahoma.
		Jansky built a large radio antenna that could be pointed in any direction on the ground or above the horizon; it was probably the largest directable radio antenna in the world at the time.
		Jansky didn't live to see these astronomical achievements; always cursed with health problems, he died in 1950 at the age of 44.
	www.tecsoc.org /pubs/history/2002/oct22.htm (456 words)

	Jansky, Karl Guthe - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		While trying to determine the causes of radio communications static, Jansky discovered (1931) radio waves from extraterrestrial sources—a discovery that prompted the investigations of Gröte Reber and led to the development of the science of radio astronomy.
		By 1932 Jansky had concluded that the source of the interference was located in the direction of the center of the Milky Way galaxy.
		Not only was it by chance that he had chosen a frequency at which the galactic center emits large amounts of radiation and at which the earth's atmosphere is transparent, he also was working at a period of minimum sunspot activity which occurs only every 11 years.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-janskykar.html (268 words)

	Cosmic Search Vol. 1, No. 4 - My Brother Karl Jansky... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Karl Guthe Jansky was born on October 22, 1905, in what was then the Territory of Oklahoma where his father, Cyril M. Jansky, was Dean of the college of Engineering at the university of Oklahoma at Norman.
		This was the assignment of Karl Jansky to the Bell Laboratories' field station at Cliffwood, New Jersey, and the decision of his supervisors to assign him to a project involving studies of certain radio propagation phenomena.
		Karl Jansky's work from 1928 to 1932, leading to the discovery which laid the foundation for the science of radio astronomy, contains many lessons for those of us in the fields of either pure or applied science, and particularly for students or young people who hope to become scientists.
	www.bigear.org /vol1no4/jansky.htm (2685 words)

	Untitled Document
		Jansky was born in 1905 in Norman, OK, where his father was Dean of Engineering at the University.
		Jansky was named for Karl Guthe, a German-American physicist and teacher whom his father admired.
		Jansky's first assignment was to investigate natural sources of radio static, and he undertook construction of a short-wave recording system in addition to doing measurements of static interference with long-wave reception.
	ieee.cincinnati.fuse.net /reiman/04_2005.html (555 words)

	jansky - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Jansky, Karl Guthe (1905-1950), American engineer, who laid the foundations of radio astronomy.
		Born in Norman, Oklahoma, Jansky graduated from the...
		Jansky (unit of measure): table of weights and measures units
	ca.encarta.msn.com /jansky.html (86 words)

	Radio Astronomy
		Karl G. Jansky, a radio engineer at the Bell Telephone Laboratories, was assigned to study that problem.
		The last type of static was the most intriguing since, as Jansky stated in his first paper, "The direction of arrival of this static changes gradually throughout the day going almost completely around the compass in twenty-four hours".
		Jansky's observations continued for several more months and it became apparent that static that he was investigating was appearing every day, but not when the Sun was at the same direction in the sky.
	home.coqui.net /leszekan/radio1.htm (538 words)

	Jansky, Karl Guthe (1905-1950)
		In the May 5 issue of The New York Times Jansky's discovery made front-page news – and radio astronomy was born.
		Jansky replied to a question, that these galactic radio waves constitute some kind of interstellar signaling, or that they are the result of some form of intelligence striving for intergalactic communication." Nevertheless, Jansky's breakthrough can also be seen as the starting point, not only for radio astronomy, but for interstellar SETI.
		However, a young radio ham, Grote Reber, was encouraged by the findings to build in 1938 what was the world's first dedicated radio telescope –; a 10-meter (30-foot) parabolic dish, with which he discovered several new cosmic radio sources.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/J/JanskyK.html (463 words)

	Jansky Information - radiotelescope jansky
		In radio astronomy, the flux unit or jansky (abbreviation Jy) is a cynthia jansky non-SI unit of electromagnetic flux equivalent radiotelescope stephanie jansky jansky to 10
		The unit market jansky clifton jansky "jansky" bielschowsky boltzmann constant jansky jansky is karl jansky invention today named after the pioneering radio astronomer db conversion gain jansky joules kelvin jansky Karl Jansky.
		The kenosha wi jansky real estate brightest natural radio sources question answer gain jansky astronomy have flux densities of the order of benjamin jansky one (to one hundred) janskies, which makes the jansky a suitable unit for radio astronomy.
	www.inanot.com /Ina-Electronics_Topics_I_-_K-/Jansky.html (225 words)

	Bloomfield Science Museum, Jerusalem - Young Scientist - Scientists and Inventors - Karl Jansky
		He was working for Bell Labs, and was assigned the task of investigating the sources of interference which might affect the use of "short waves" for a transatlantic radio telephone service (an unsuccessful technology for transatlantic communication).
		He discovered that in fact the signal reached a peak every 23 hours and 56 minutes, and not 24 hours as he had thought, and which would have linked it to the sun; and that in fact the main source of the signal was now no longer coming from the direction of the sun.
		Bell Labs in 1931 was not interested in radio astronomy, and although Jansky's discovery made quite a big splash at the time, he was soon moved by Bell to other work and in fact never returned to radio astronomy.
	www.mada.org.il /website/html/eng/2_1_1.htm (784 words)

	Bell Labs: Detective Work Leads to Monument Honoring the Father of Radio Astronomy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Jansky's discovery in 1931, which was not publicly discussed until a 1933 page-one article in the New York Times, spawned the field of radio astronomy.
		When Jansky died in 1950 at the young age of 44, however, the Bell Labs scientist had received no formal recognition from the scientific community.
		Jansky's discovery actually was an offshoot of his work to find sources of static in overseas radio signals.
	www.bell-labs.com /news/1998/june/4/2.html (986 words)

	New York Times story on exterrestrail radio waves (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The discovery was made during research studies on static by Karl G. Jansky of the radio research department at Holmdel, N.J. and was described by him in a paper delivered before the International Scientific Radio Union in Washington.
		Jansky said, differ from the cosmic rays and also from the phenomenon of cosmic radiation, described last week before the American Philosophical Society of Philadelphia by Dr.
		Jansky pointed out, seem to come from a definite source in space, vary in intensity with the time of day and time of the year, and are distinctly electro-
	www.msu.edu /user/daggy/cop/effluvia/jansky.htm (584 words)

	Early Origins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Karl Jansky was working on the identification of sources of interference at radio wavelengths for Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1931 (at 15-30MHz frequencies) when he succeeded where others had failed.
		Jansky was using a rotating wire frame antennae that allowed him to follow the source of any static, and he detected three separate groups of static: local thunderstorms, distant thunderstorms and a steady hiss-type static of unknown origin.
		Jansky wrote 3 papers on his findings (Jansky 1982a,b and c), but his work was largely ignored by the astronomical community.
	www.astro.soton.ac.uk /~ns/thesis/node6.html (469 words)

	Radio Astronomy...Astroppo.com
		Jansky detected three separate groups of static; local thunderstorms, distant thunderstorms and a steady hiss-type static of unknown origin.
		The unknown source that Jansky found is the center of the Milky Way as he was able to show by determining its position on the sky.
		Jansky was the first to detect radio emission from the Galaxy.
	www.astroppo.com /radioaboutastronomy.html (1504 words)

	October 22 - Today in Science History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Karl Guthe Jansky was an American electrical engineer who discovered cosmic radio emissions in 1932.
		At Bell Laboratories in NJ, Jansky was tracking down the crackling static noises that plagued overseas telephone reception.
		In the publication of his results, he suggested that the radio emission was somehow connected to the Milky Way and that it originated not from stars but from ionized interstellar gas.
	www.todayinsci.com /10/10_22.htm (2095 words)

	Jansky Home Page (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Karl G. Jansky Lectureship is an honor established by the trustees of Associated Universities, Inc., to recognize outstanding contributions to the advancement of astronomy.
		Karl Jansky's discovery of radio waves from the central region of our Milky Way Galaxy started the science of radio astronomy.
		The recipient of this award delivers the annual Karl G. Jansky Lecture, to which the public is invited.
	www.nrao.edu.cob-web.org:8888 /jansky/janskyprize.shtml (581 words)

	Nutshell History of Radio Astronomy? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Radio astronomy began with Karl Jansky's discovery, in 1932, of a strong source of radio static which originated from the central region of our galaxy, the Milky Way.
		Jansky was using a rotating antenna and a receiver operating at 20.7 Mhz.
		Jansky's work was largely ignored except by a young engineer in Wheaton, Illinois named Grote Reber.
	www.radiosky.com /ra01.html (414 words)

	Jansky, Karl (1905-1950) -- from Eric Weisstein's World of Scientific Biography
		Jansky noted a continuous interference which changed direction over the course of the day.
		In 1933, Jansky concluded that the emission came from the entire Milky Way galaxy,
		His discoveries, however, were pursued by Reber and led to the enormously successful field of radio astronomy.
	scienceworld.wolfram.com /biography/Jansky.html (272 words)

	Sunspots in History
		Jansky, who had very little experience in radio engineering, was nevertheless assigned the task of studying trans-Atlantic radio interference.
		Jansky was an amateur astronomer and he ultimately realized that the source of the cosmic radio noise was the Milky Way itself.
		Thanks to Jansky's insight and the coincidence of the solar minimum a new window on the Universe was opened and radio astronomy was born.
	www.spaceweather.com /java/sunspot.html (904 words)

	Search ScienceWorld
		Jansky, Karl (1905-1950) -- from Eric Weisstein's World of...
		German mathematician who is sometimes called the "prince of mathematics." He was a prodigious child, at the age of three informing his father of an arithmetical error in a complicated payroll calculation and stating the correct answer.
		He left without his degree, and spent 15 years teaching secondary school, during which period his mathematical work was ignored.
	scienceworld.wolfram.com /search/index.cgi?as_q=Karl (469 words)

	Jansky (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Karl Jansky was born in 1905 and worked at a telephone company and had to build a radio antenna to find out why there was too much static on long distance telephone calls.
		Jansky and Reber both built a radio antenna or a radio telescope.
		The Jansky Lectureship, established by the Trustees of Associated Universities, Inc., is awarded for outstanding contributions to the advancement of astronomy.
	indykfi.atomki.hu.cob-web.org:8888 /indyKFI/MT/jansky.htm (425 words)

	2006 Jansky Lecture
		Associated Universities, Inc., and the National Radio Astronomy Observatory are pleased to announce that the 41st annual Karl G. Jansky Lectureship has been awarded to Professor Frank J. Low, a pioneer in the development of millimeter and infrared astronomy.
		Low's 2006 Jansky Lecture is entitled, "How the Spitzer Space Telescope was Designed, Tested and Built," and will be presented on October 18 in Charlottesville, Virginia, and on October 20, in Green Bank, West Virginia.
		First awarded in 1966, it is named in honor of Karl G. Jansky who, in 1932, first detected radio waves from a cosmic source.
	www.gb.nrao.edu /epo/janskylect.html (430 words)

	Karl Guthe Jansky Biography \| scit_0612345_package.xml
		While investigating noise in short-wave radio communications, Jansky identified a steady hiss-type static and demonstrated its source to be the center of the Milky Way (1932).
		Since interstellar dust obscures many astronomical objects of interest, such as the galactic core, from optical instruments, Jansky's discovery established the utility of radio observations in astronomy.
		Jansky also helped to refine the design of transmitting and receiving antennas.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/karl-guthe-jansky-scit-0612345 (100 words)

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