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Topic: Karl Raimund Popper

	Karl Popper - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sir Karl Raimund Popper (July 28, 1902 – September 17, 1994), was an Austrian-born British philosopher of science and professor at the London School of Economics.
		Popper is perhaps best known for repudiating the classical observationalist-inductivist account of science; by advancing empirical falsifiability as the criterion for distinguishing scientific theory from non-science; and for his vigorous defense of liberal democracy and the principles of social criticism which he took to make the flourishing of the "open society" possible.
		Popper argued strongly against the latter, holding that scientific theories are universal in nature, and can be tested only indirectly, by references to their implications.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Karl_Popper (2797 words)

	Karl Popper -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Popper argued strongly against the latter, holding that (Click link for more info and facts about scientific theories) scientific theories are universal in nature, and can be tested only indirectly, by references to their implications.
		Popper's account of the logical asymmetry between ((law) an affidavit attached to a statement confirming the truth of that statement) verification and falsification lies at the heart of his philosophy of science.
		Popper argued that this view is the principal theoretical presupposition underpinning most forms of (A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)) authoritarianism and (The principle of complete and unrestricted power in government) totalitarianism.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/k/ka/karl_popper.htm (1733 words)

	AllRefer.com - Sir Karl Raimund Popper (Philosophy, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Popper's thought develops from his view of knowing as an individual, unpredictable act of genius, not acquired by induction, as empiricists hold, nor limited to verifiable statements, as the logical positivists hold.
		Like the logical positivists, Popper worked with the distinction between scientific knowledge and pseudoscience, but he understood the two to be related as well as distinct: pseudoscience or "myth," as he sometimes termed it, can inspire or grow into science, or overlap with it (as in the case of psychology).
		Popper also questioned historicism (the doctrine that there are general laws of history) because history, as he saw it, is influenced by the growth of knowledge, and, since knowing is a matter of unpredictable insight, neither the growth of knowledge nor its historical consequences can be systematized.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/Popper-S.html (370 words)

	Karl Popper
		Karl Popper is generally regarded as one of the greatest philosophers of science of the 20th century.
		Popper, then, is an historical indeterminist, insofar as he holds that history does not evolve in accordance with intrinsic laws or principles, that in the absence of such laws and principles unconditional prediction in the social sciences is an impossibility, and that there is no such thing as historical necessity.
		Popper's arguments against holism, and in particular his arguments against the propriety of large-scale planning of social structures, are interconnected with his demonstration of the logical shortcomings of the presuppositions of historicism.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/popper (8225 words)

	A Brief Biography of Sir Karl Popper
		Popper's work is important not just to those who agree with his new bold solutions, but to everyone who recognizes the importance of the problems that Popper discovered, analysed and reformulated in a way that allows a solution.
		Karl Popper was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1965 and invested by her with the Insignia of a Companion of Honour in 1982.
		Popper also held that we are literally infinitely ignorant and only differ in the little bits of knowledge that we do have, and that this strengthens the case for co-operation in the advancement of knowledge.
	www.eeng.dcu.ie /~tkpw/intro_popper/intro_popper.html (8304 words)

	Sir Karl Raimund Popper: In Memoriam
		Popper's invaluable contribution in this area consists in his successful attempt to confront Hume's scepticism, while extracting from Kant the idea that the concepts we use are not determined by experience but supplied by our creative mind.
		Popper came to the conclusion that even science, which we used to think of as being an established and unerring branch of knowledge, is after all fallible, because in actual fact scientific theories are only hypotheses, and may be falsified and replaced one day.
		Popper labelled his philosophy "critical rationalism" and later, "evolutionary epistemology", because he regarded the growth of human knowledge, just like that of animals, as a constant process of evolution and refinement.
	www.eeng.dcu.ie /~tkpw/hk-ies/n31 (2122 words)

	BBC - BBC Four - Audio Interviews - Karl Raimund Popper
		Popper came to understand that Einstein's theory contained a critical spirit which was absent from the theories of Marx and Freud.
		Popper sympathised with the scientific attitude of these so-called logical positivists, but criticised their theory of verification in scientific methodology.
		Popper's book made his reputation as a philosopher and in 1935 he was invited to lecture in England.
	www.bbc.co.uk /bbcfour/audiointerviews/profilepages/popperk2.shtml (409 words)

	Karl Raimund Popper: The Philosopher and His Papers by Tom Bethell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Popper was the son of Dr. Simon Popper, a lawyer, and Jenny Schiff, from a family of prosperous merchants.
		Popper argued that theories framed in such a way that no conceivable observation could falsify them were non-scientific; irrefutability was not a virtue of a theory but a vice.
		Popper’s views about the philosophy of science were first published in abbreviated and revised form in German as Logik der Forschung in 1934, which in turn was translated by Popper, with new appendixes, and published in English as The Logic of Scientific Discovery in 1959.
	www.hooverdigest.org /051/bethell.html (1758 words)

	Karl Popper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Karl Popper is generally regarded as one of the greatest philosophers of science of this century.
		Thirdly, as we have seen, Popper was profoundly impressed by the differences between the allegedly 'scientific' theories of Freud and Adler and the revolution effected by Einstein's theory of relativity in physics in the first two decades of this century.
		Johannson, I. A Critique of Karl Popper's Methodology.
	www.ul.ie /~philos/vol1/popper.html (8136 words)

	Karl Raimund POPPER
		Popper nasce a Vienna nel 1902 e si laurea in filosofia nel 1928, dopo aver abbandonato la scuola pubblica nel 1918 per proseguire gli studi da solo.
		Popper afferma quindi che una teoria non valida in quanto essa è verificabile empiricamente (un'illusione), ma è vera nella misura in cui può essere esposta alla sua falsificazione.
		Popper rivaluta la metafisica non nel senso che essa debba realmente vincolare le teorie in modo scientifico, ma la rivaluta in quanto primo stadio di una intuizione ancora nebulosa ma che può comunque dare un apporto concreto allo sviluppo della scienza e delle teorie dimostrate e dimostrabili.
	www.forma-mentis.net /Filosofia/Popper.html (1750 words)

	Sir Karl (Raimund) Popper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The awards, medals, honours and honorary degrees that were bestowed on Karl Popper and culminated in a knighthood are too numerous to list.
		Popper has been described as one of the most influential philosophers of this century, simply because his ideas were for society at large and the everyday world as much as they were for other philosophers and scientists.
		We are fortunate that Sir Karl Popper spent part of his career in New Zealand and should count him amongst the most illustrious of our Royal Society's Honorary Fellows.
	www.rsnz.org /directory/yearbooks/ybook95/Popper.html (682 words)

	PRONUNCIATION
		Born in Vienna in 1902 to middle-class parents of Jewish origins, Karl Popper was educated at the University of Vienna.
		Popper considered this view to be the principal theoretical presupposition underpinning most forms of authoritarianism and totalitarianism.
		Few, however, would deny his influence or importance, and there would be considerable support for the view of Popper as 'one of the foremost critics of authoritarianism in the twentieth century, yet also arguably the premier philosopher of science during a century of unparalleled scientific discovery'.
	nupedia.8media.org /article/short/Karl+Raimund+Popper (814 words)

	Obituary of Karl Popper - 'Vienna' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Karl Popper was born in Vienna on 28 July 1902, and died in London on 17 September 1994.
		Anyway, the received view, as Popper read it, was that the empirical sciences are distinguished by their use of an inductive method; which brings us to his second basic problem.
		One eye-opener for Popper was Tarksi’s introduction of a metalanguage in which one can talk in the same breath about linguistic entities (words, sentences) in the object-language and about things outside the object-language, thereby enabling one to elucidate such semantic notions as a formula being satisfied by a certain state of affairs.
	www.britac.ac.uk /pubs/src/popper/part1.html (2753 words)

	Amazon.com: Popper Selections: Books: Karl Raimund Popper,David W. Miller (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Popper's view taken literally might not make a full arsenal for a working scientist, but the spirit of his idea - that mistaken but provocative theory contributes importantly to the progress of science - is liberating, even exhilirating.
		Popper is probably the only philosopher of science who has had an impact on how scientists actually think about their work.
		Poppers method is to identify the mistakes made by the "great men" and therefore clear the way for further inquiry.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0691020310?v=glance (1552 words)

	The Karl Popper Web
		(Popper loved Mozart and Bach, and took great pleasure in composing his own music.) The common idea that Popper neglected to consider whether Falsificationism itself is falsifiable is already scotched here.
		Popper was in fact fascinated by probability and even produced his own axiomatisation of the probability calculus.
		The great philosophy and science writers (Darwin, Russell, Popper, Einstein, Dawkins, Deutsch) are all characterized by their keenness to communicate to all intelligent people, not simply to their co-specialists.
	www.eeng.dcu.ie /~tkpw (1455 words)

	Sir Karl Popper -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Popper postulated that since no one can ever observe and verify all possible evidence to prove a...
		Originator of the theory of falsifiability, Karl Popper is best known for his rejection of the inductive method of reasoning in the empirical sciences.
		Known during his lifetime only to a small group of socialists and revolutionaries, Karl Marx wrote books now considered by Communists all over the world to be the source of absolute truth on matters of economics, philosophy, and politics.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9060854?&query=karl (699 words)

	L'Encyclopédie de L'Agora: Karl Raimund Popper
		Popper découvre alors qu'une seule réfutation présente plus d'importance pour le progrès de la connaissance qu'une multitude de confirmations.
		Popper a toujours farouchement combattu le préjugé qui veut que l'objectivité de la science repose avant tout sur l'objectivité du savant.
		Popper nomme «tension de civilisation» l'angoisse, le sentiment de vide qui accompagne le passage de la société close à la société ouverte.
	agora.qc.ca /reftext.nsf/Documents/Popper--Karl_Raimund_Popper_par_Andree_Mathieu (1596 words)

	Karl Popper-Philosphy of science,concise details.Critical rationalism
		In The Open Society and Its Enemies and The Poverty of Historicism, Popper developed a powerful critique of historicism and a defence of the 'Open Society', liberal democracy.
		The theory, originating in Francis Bacon's Novum Organum, that scientific enquiry begins with 'raw' observation, and moves to universal theory or law by a process of inductive inference.
		Karl Raimund Popper Obitury 1902—1994 by John Watkins London School of Economics
	www.ohno.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk /pages/karl-popper.htm (853 words)

	Popper, Karl Raimund (1902–94) : Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy Online
		Popper belongs to a generation of Central European émigré scholars that profoundly influenced thought in the English-speaking countries in this century.
		Popper’s ‘falsificationism’ reverses the usual view that accumulated experience leads to scientific hypotheses; rather, freely conjectured hypotheses precede, and are tested against, experience.
		After the Anschluss, Popper was stimulated by the problem of why democracies had succumbed to totalitarianism and applied his critical rationalism to political philosophy.
	www.rep.routledge.com /article/DD052 (271 words)

	Karl Popper
		Karl Raimund Popper (July 28, 1902 - September 17, 1994), was an Austrian-born, British philosopher of science.
		Popper discussed this critique of naïve falsificationism in Chapters 3 & 4 of The Logic of Scientific Discovery.
		An earlier version of the above article was posted on 16 May 2001 on Nupedia; reviewed and approved by the Philosophy and Logic group; editor, Wesley Cooper ; lead reviewer, Wesley Cooper ; lead copyeditors, Cindy Seeley and Ruth Ifcher.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/k/ka/karl_popper.html (1582 words)

	Extracts from "The Poverty of Historicism" by Karl Raimund Popper" by Karl Raimund Popper (Originally published in book ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Karl Popper ("In 1945 Routledge and Kegan Paul published the first book by an unknown author, Karl Popper.
		Karl Hilferding, soon to fall a victim of the Gestapo and of the historicist superstitions of the Third Reich.
		Its oldest forms, such as the doctrines of the life cycles of cities and races, actually precede the primative teleological view that there are hidden purposes behind the apparently blind decrees of fate.
	lachlan.bluehaze.com.au /books/popper_poverty_of_historicism.html (5250 words)

	Popper, Sir Karl Raimund on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		He taught at Canterbury Univ., New Zealand (1937-45), and then at the London School of Economics, retiring in 1969.
		Magazines and Newspapers for: Popper, Sir Karl Raimund
		Pictures and Maps for: Popper, Sir Karl Raimund
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/P/Popper-S1.asp (341 words)

	BBC - BBC Four - Audio Interviews - Karl Raimund Popper
		BBC - BBC Four - Audio Interviews - Karl Raimund Popper
		Karl Popper is regarded as probably the greatest philosopher of science of this century.
		He is equally well known for his philosophical defence of democracy and his criticism of historical determinism.
	www.bbc.co.uk /bbcfour/audiointerviews/profilepages/popperk1.shtml (109 words)

	Popper Karl Raimund from FOLDOC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		According to Popper in Logik der Forschung (The Logic of Scientific Discovery) (1935), knowledge of the natural world never advances by direct confirmation of scientific theories - which cannot occur - but only indirectly, through the systematic falsification of their alternatives by reference to our experience.
		2, Popper argued that the unintended harmful consequences of social planning outweigh its benefits and that citizens, therefore, must always retain an absolute right to change their form of government.
		Recommended Reading: Karl Raimund Popper, Poverty of Historicism (Routledge, 1993); Karl Raimund Popper, Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge (Routledge, 1992); Roberta Corvi, An Introduction to the Thought of Karl Popper, tr.
	lgxserver.uniba.it /lei/foldop/foldoc.cgi?Popper+Karl+Raimund (193 words)

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