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	AllRefer.com - Karl Renner (Austria And Hungary, History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Karl Renner[kArl ren´ur] Pronunciation Key, 1870–1950, Austrian socialist politician.
		A deputy after 1907, Renner became, following the abdication (Nov., 1918) of Emperor Charles I, the head of the provisional Austrian government and, after elections were held, the first chancellor (1919–20) of the Austrian republic.
		As World War II was ending in Apr., 1945, Renner became premier and minister of foreign affairs in the provisional Austrian government, and in Dec., 1945, he was elected president of the liberated Austrian republic.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/R/Renner-K.html (239 words)

	Dr. Karl Renner
		On 10 September, 1919, Renner was summoned by the Entente to sign the Treaty of Saint-Germain, which contained a clause fobidding Austria's union with Germany. Renner had formerly been the prime mover of unifying the weak rump Austria with Germany; however, opponents such as France and Czechoslovakia vetoed such a plan and killed it outright.
		Renner was replaced in the Chancery by Michael Mayr.
		in 1946. Karl Renner on died 31 December 1950, at Doebling in Austria.
	www.geocities.com /veldes1/renner.html (171 words)

	MARXIAN ECONOMICS
		Soon after the death of Karl Marx, a Marxian school of economics emerged under the leadership of Marx's inner circle of companions and co-writers, notably Friedrich Engels and Karl Kautsky, both of whom were German.
		In Austria, Karl Renner became Chancellor (later President), while Otto Bauer served as secretary of state for foreign affairs (their minister of finance was, once again, Joseph Schumpeter, on whose unlucky shoulders the blame for the ensuing hyperinflation was placed).
		During World War I, Renner broke with the left wing of the Austrian Social Democrats (Bauer's group), and attempted a re-orientation of Maxian thought to account for the rise of whie-collar workers and the growth of the State.
	cepa.newschool.edu /het/schools/marxian.htm (2381 words)

	Karl Renner Biography / Biography of Karl Renner Biography
		Karl Renner was born on Dec. 14, 1870, the eighteenth and last child of impoverished peasants in the Moravian village of Unter-Tannowitz near the Austrian border.
		Always a pragmatic Marxist, Renner devoted himself during World War I primarily to questions of food supply, social security payments, and tax burdens for the lower classes--beyond a continued and impassioned plea for peace and a solution of the nationalities question.
		With the Socialists out of power, Renner, with the exception of his tenure as president of the National Assembly from April 1931 to March 1933, faded increasingly into the background and, during the fascist era of Engelbert Dollfuss, was branded a traitor and briefly imprisoned in 1934.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-karl-renner (465 words)

	Perception and Reality - UN Security Council (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Austrian Karl Renner (1870-1950), who was foreign minister after World War I and also the first president of the new Austrian Republic (1945-1950), suggested a solution to rising nationalism within the Habsburg Empire.
		Renner argued that the economic sphere should cross national boundaries, and that there should be a central, supra-national government - anticipating features of the European Community (although two World Wars and many smaller conflicts later).
		Renner's precise idea was that each individual, irrespective of his domicile, should be a member of one ethnic organization which would have agencies all over the empire - much like the Catholic Church, once it became independent of the state.
	www.globalpolicy.org /security/issues/iraq/occupation/2003/1120perception.htm (2554 words)

	Austria is Free! Dramatis Personae:
		Karl Renner Karl Renner was born on 14th December 1870 in Unter-Tannowitz (or Dolni-Dunajovice), a Moravian market spot north of Nikolsburg (or Mikulov), the nearest large town some 8km distant.
		Renner repeatedly made it plain he favored the United Nations rather then the Communist brand of Internationalism, and consequently, when the Communist International was reorganized as the Communist Information Bureau at Warsaw in 1947, he was denounced as a traitor to the working class.
		Upon the death of President Renner he was the Social Democratic Party candidate for the Presidency and was elected on the second ballot on 27th May 1951 as 2nd President of the 2nd Austrian Republic.
	www.kitzbuhel.demon.co.uk /austamps/sjr01/sjr01d.htm (3015 words)

	Andrés Nin: Austro-Marxism and the National Question (1935)
		Karl Renner and Otto Bauer are the two main Austrian theoreticians of the national question.
		From this general theory Renner foresaw a dual organisation of the State: one organisation for national-cultural purposes, based on a “personal” principle, and one based on technical principles based purely on territorial criteria.
		Renner’s aspirations were fully satisfied after the 1918 revolution, while the movements of national emancipation were a powerful factor in breaking up the empire which the future Chancellor was so intent on preserving.
	www.marxists.org /archive/nin/1935/xx/austromarx.htm (2412 words)

	Austria - RESTORED INDEPENDENCE UNDER ALLIED OCCUPATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Despite his anti-Soviet reputation, Renner was chosen by the Soviet leaders to form and head a provisional government, apparently believing the aging politician would be an easily manipulated figurehead.
		Renner, however, established authority based on his leadership role in the last freely elected parliament, not on the backing of the Soviet Union.
		Renner apportioned ministries in the provisional government's cabinet roughly based on the political balance of the pre-1934 era, but the nationalist bloc was excluded and Communist representation increased.
	countrystudies.us /austria/42.htm (390 words)

	Terrorism or Communism Chapter 9 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Karl Renner is the most pompous, solid, and conceited representative of this type.
		The transformation of the author of the jubilee article on Karl Marx, famous for its revolutionary pathos, into a comic-opera-Chancellor, who expresses his feelings of respect and thanks to the Scandinavian monarchs, is in reality one of the most instructive paradoxes of history.
		He is a lyric poet, a philosopher, a mystic—a philosophical lyric poet of passivity, as Renner is its publicist and legal expert, as Hilferding is its economist, as Baner is its sociologist.
	www.marxists.org /archive/trotsky/works/1920/dictatorvs/ch09.htm (2707 words)

	Karl Renner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		As well as being prominent in 1945, when political life was re-established in Austria after the end of the Second World War, Karl Renner had also been one of the key political figures in the foundation of the Republic of Austria in 1918.
		As Federal Chancellor and also temporarily Foreign Minister of the recently established Republic (1918 – 1920), the social democrat Karl Renner had to establish new state structures in Austria and to represent it before the victorious nations of the First World War.
		When the plebiscite on Austria's "Anschluss" to Germany was held on 10th April 1938 Renner recommended in public voting "yes" for the unification with the German Reich.
	www.onb.ac.at /sammlungen/plakate/siteseeing/wieder_frei/exhibition_person/person01_text_eng.htm (252 words)

	Karl Renner -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Known during his lifetime only to a small group of socialists and revolutionaries, Karl Marx wrote books now considered by Communists all over the world to be the source of absolute truth on matters of economics, philosophy, and politics.
		His distinctive contribution was a radical change in the direction of theology from a 19th-century orientation toward progress and from optimistic liberalism to an orthodoxy that had to cope with the grim realities of the 20th century, especially two world wars.
		Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler were two of the automobile industry's pioneers.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9063201 (739 words)

	Gloggnitz - Information in English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Karl Renner spent 42 years of his life in Gloggnitz (up until his death in 1950).
		On the occasion of the anniversary of his hundredth birthday a monument was erected in Dr. Karl Renner Square.
		This was the former residence of Dr. Karl Renner, the first Federal President of the Second Republic of Austria.
	www.gloggnitz.at /english.htm (938 words)

	AllRefer.com - Austria : History : Modern Austria (Austria Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		"Red" Vienna, under the moderate socialist government of Karl Seitz, became increasingly opposed by the "Black" (i.e., clericalist) rural faction, which won the elections of 1921.
		The cabinet of Social Democrat Karl Renner was succeeded by Christian Socialist and Pan-German coalitions under Schober, Seipel, and others.
		Unrest culminated, in 1927, in violent riots in Vienna; two rival private militias : the Heimwehr of the monarchist leader E. von Starhemberg and the Schutzbund of the socialists : posed a threat to the authority of the state.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/A/Austria-history-modern-austria.html (1102 words)

	Monthly Review: The Great Transformation. - book reviews
		This is the welcoming address to the Participants of the Fifth Annual Conference of the Karl Polanyi Institute of Political Economy, held in Vienna in November 1994 and organized jointly with the Socio-economic Research Unit of the Austrian Academy of Sciences.
		In the meantime, they are cordially invited to join the Karl Polanyi Institute of Political Economy which, in our opinion, is doing extremely valuable work on the basic problem of, and challenges to, domestic and global societies as the century and millennium draw to a close.
		The ashes of my parents Karl and Ilona were returned from Canada, and the conference participants joined family members to wish them eternal rest on Hungarian soil.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1132/is_n2_v47/ai_17054046 (342 words)

	Kelsen and his Circle: The Viennese Years (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It was Renner who as Chancellor of State of the provisional German-Austrian government asked Kelsen in 1918 to contribute in the State Chancellery to the legal preparations of the federal Constitution.
		The traditional definition of property as one person's exclusive domination of an object was seen as obscuring the socio-economically decisive function of property, namely the exclusion of control by all others over the given object.
		In contrast to the Marxist dogma of the role of the state as an instrument of class rule and the consequent prediction of a `demise of the state' in the wake of the proletarian revolution, Renner underlined the neutral function of the state as an instrument of social technique.
	www.ejil.org /journal/Vol9/No2/art9-04.html (4874 words)

	A short history of Austria
		Karl Renner, leader of the Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs (Social-Democratic Party of Austria, SDP), becomes chancellor.
		Soon after it faces the strains of catastrophic inflation and of adapting a large government structure to the needs of a new, smaller republic.
		Renner is succeeded in 1920 by Michael Mayr of the clerical conservative Christlichsoziale Partei (Christian Social Party, CP).
	www.electionworld.org /history/austria.htm (742 words)

	ZoomVienna: Photos of Vienna, Viennese Views, Wien and Vienna's Kitchen Sink: Comment on Karl Renner at Town Hall (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Here's a shot of the statue of Dr. Karl Renner - a famous Austrian politician leading the push for Austria to become independent republic from the Third Reich of Germany.
		The peace treaty of St. Germain was signed in 1919 between Austria, under the leadership of Karl Renner, and the victorious Allies of World War I, and declared Austria a republic.
		Posted by fabrizio at January 3, 2006 07:22 PM I was wondering why there was only one comment on this photo...
	www.zoomvienna.com /cgi-bin/mt/mt-comments.cgi?entry_id=361 (383 words)

	Renner, Karl on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		RENNER, KARL [Renner, Karl], 1870-1950, Austrian socialist politician.
		A deputy after 1907, Renner became, following the abdication (Nov., 1918) of Emperor Charles I, the head of the provisional Austrian government and, after elections were held, the first chancellor (1919-20) of the Austrian republic.
		He later served (1931-33) as president of the parliament.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/r/renner-k1.asp (201 words)

	Chronologie
		Proclamation of the independence of Austria and the installation of the Provisional Government under Chancellor Karl Renner.
		Election of Karl Renner as the Federal President.
		Karl Gruber symbolized the pro-American leanings of Austrian politics.
	www.onb.ac.at /sammlungen/plakate/siteseeing/wieder_frei/chronology_eng.htm (1554 words)

	17/43.- Vienna, Parlament tourist information - VIRTOURIST.COM
		The lower house of Austria --the National Council, whose members are elected by popular vote-- and the upper house --the Federal Council, whose members are chosen by the states-- sit here.
		The building is on Dr Karl Renner’s Avenue, Renners was Austria’s first Chancellor at the establishment of the republic in 1918, and its president from 1945 to 1950 after the re-establishment of the democratic republic.
		The building was constructed from 1873 to 1883 by T. Hansen, he’s also the author of the Pallas Athenea Fountain that you can see in front of the construction.
	www.virtourist.com /europe/vienna/17.htm (116 words)

	Voronezh State University / Search / Who Is Who / K / Sergey V. Kretinin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		S.V.Kretinin is engaged in Western (Austrian, German, Sudeten-German) Social Democracy studies, as well as in research on the history of the German national minority in Czeckoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Yugoslavia in 1918-1945.
		The focus of his attention is the viewpoint of the western Social Democracy leading theorists (Otto Bauer, Karl Kautsky, Karl Renner, Emil Franzel) on the national issue.
		Karl Renner: a life and public activities (1870-1950) // Modern and Contemporary History.
	www.vsu.ru /english/search/whoiswho/k/kretinin.htm (280 words)

	Silicon Valley Media Law Blog: Venture Capital
		The National Venture Capital Association, in conjunction with IBF Conferences, held a webcast briefing (archived, available with fee registration) yesterday about what VC's have at stake in the patent reform process that is underway.
		The webcast featured remarks by Hank Barry, Josh Lerner, and Tom Walker, as well as background on the patent reform movement and a roundtable moderated by Karl Renner.
		Karl Renner, of Fish & Richardson, cited a crisis at the PTO in terms of backlog and patent quality, as well as a crisis in the courts in terms of abusive patent practices, so-called patent “trolls” and skyrocketing litigation costs.
	www.svmedialaw.com /cat-venture-capital.html (1636 words)

	Austrian Press & Information Service (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In 1918, during the last days of the war, when it was clear that defeat was imminent, the statement made by the American President Woodrow Wilson on the right of nations to determine their own fate acted as a lifebelt.
		The Social Democrat Karl Renner, who headed the government, presented a draft constitution for this transitional period.
		In the eastern part of the country, the Soviets set up a government headed by former State Chancellor Karl Renner, which-albeit with circumstantial delays-also gained the approval of the Western Allies.
	www.austria.org /history_rep.shtml (6034 words)

	Public Hausing \| Metropolis Magazine \| October 1999
		The government constructed 400 apartment complexes--64,000 new apartments in all--that together housed one-tenth of the city's population.
		Stretching almost a mile along a major railway line, the Karl-Marx-Hof featured five monumental archways, a striking red and yellow stucco facade, and lush interior courtyards as well as state-of-the-art kindergartens, playgrounds, maternity clinics, health-care offices, lending libraries, laundries, and a host of other social services.
		Against the backdrop of severe food and housing shortages produced by both the military defeat and the collapse of the monarchy, the Social Democrats won a significant electoral victory in the municipal elections of May 1919, making Vienna the first major European capital to be governed by an absolute majority of socialists.
	www.metropolismag.com /html/content_1099/oc99ph.htm (1655 words)

	TIME Magazine Archive Article -- Government Approved -- Dec. 31, 1945
		Twenty-seven years ago, as World War I ended, a middle-aged Social Democrat named Karl Renner became Chancellor of the first Austrian Republic.
		Last week, a World War later, 75-year-old Karl Renner, still a Social Democrat, was elected President of the Second Austrian Republic.
		Immediately after his election President Renner stepped over to Vienna's Presidential Building to swear in his successor as Chancellor, Leopold Figl, head of the Volkspartei.
	www.time.com /time/archive/preview/0,10987,886730,00.html (403 words)

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