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Topic: Karl Theodor of Palatinate Sulzbach

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	Palatinate Info - Bored Net - Boredom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The colour palatinate is a shade of lilac or purple, and is used in numerous heraldic devices within the university.
		In the Golden Bull of 1356, the Palatinate was made one of the secular electorates, and given the hereditary offices of Archsteward of the Empire and Imperial Vicar of the western half of Germany.
		Due to the practice of division of territories among different branches of the family, by the early 16th century junior lines of the Palatine Wittelsbachs came to rule in Simmern, Kaiserslautern, and Zweibrücken in the Lower Palatinate, and in Neuburg and Sulzbach in the Upper Palatinate.
	www.borednet.com /e/n/encyclopedia/p/pa/palatinate.html (703 words)

	Palatinate
		A Palatinate is an area administered by a palatine count, originally the direct representative of the sovereign but later the hereditary ruler of the territory subject to the crown's overlordship.
		That part of the old Rhenish Palatinate which lay on the Right Bank of the Rhine was annexed by Baden at the beginning of the Nineteenth century, and is now part of the state of Baden-Württemberg, including the cities of Mannheim and Heidelberg, which had been the capitals of the old electorate.
		The childless Karl Theodor also inherited Bavaria when its electoral line became extinct in 1777, and all the Wittelsbach lands save Zweibrücken on the French border (whose Duke was, in fact, Karl Theodor's presumptive heir) were now under a single rule.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/pa/Palatinate.html (668 words)

	Karl Theodor (1724-1799) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Karl Theodor (Charles Theodore) (1724-1799), Elector of the Palatinate, Germany was head of the Sulzbach line, who inherited the Palatinate in 1742 upon the death of Charles Philip, the last of the Neuburg line.
		Charles Theodore granted the petition on condition that the limit of 240 families in the country be gradually reduced to 200.
		After Charles Theodore's death the renewed petition of the Mennonites for cancellation of the "retract" law was granted by Elector Max Josef IV on 28 March 1801, for the right bank of the Rhine, after the French authorities had canceled it for the left bank as early as 1793.
	www.gameo.org /encyclopedia/contents/K3754.html (461 words)

	Thomas's Glassware Tour --- Sulzbach-Rosenberg (D) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Sulzbach is situated at an altitude of 433 m at the eastern edge of the Oberpfälzer Alb region.
		In 1188 Sulzbach fell to the Counts of Hirschberg, and in 1305 it came in possession of the Wittelsbach Electors of the Palatinate.
		Since Karl Theodor moved to the Bavarian residence, Munich, Sulzbach lost its status as a residence town in 1791 and became part of the Bavarian province Obere Pfalz.
	www.thomasgraz.net /glass/gl-1495.htm (497 words)

	Palatinate - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		That part of the old Rhenish Palatinate which lay on the right bank of the Rhine is called Electoral Palatinate (Kurpfalz) and, annexed by Baden at the beginning of the 19th century, it now forms part of the state of Baden-Württemberg.
		The childless Karl Theodor also inherited Bavaria when its electoral line became extinct in 1777, his presumptive heir the duke of Zweibrücken (on the French border) save all the Wittelsbach under a single rule (1799).
		Deriving from Durham's history as a Palatine County, the sporting colours of the University of Durham are known as Palatinates, the equivalent of Blues at Oxford and Cambridge.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Pfalz (944 words)

	Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Palatinate, a government district of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate (since 1945), having Neustadt an der WeinstraÃe as its government seat.
		In 1526 Jakob Kautz, a native of the Palatinate (Grossbackenheim) and a Lutheran preacher at Worms, became an Anabaptist.
		The representative of the Palatinate Anabaptists was Rauff Bisch of Odernheim.
	www.gameo.org /encyclopedia/contents/p3594.html (4835 words)

	Palatinate - cruise-ship-employment.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The historical Electoral Palatinate was a much larger territory than that which later became known as the Rhenish Palatinate (Rheinpfalz), on the left bank of the Rhine.
		By the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, Frederick V's son, Charles Louis, was restored to the Lower Palatinate, and given a new electoral title, but the Upper Palatinate and the senior electoral title remained with the Bavarian line.
		The Palatinate was dissolved in the Wars of the French Revolution - first its left bank territories were occupied, and then annexed, by France starting in 1795, and then, in 1803, its right bank territories were taken by the Margrave of Baden.
	cruise-ship-employment.info /Palatinate (807 words)

	Palatinate info here at en.89of100e.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A palatinate is a territory administered by a count palatine, basically the representative of the sovereign, but the hereditary ruler of the territory susceptible to the crown's overlordship.
		In the Golden Bull of 1356, the Palatinate was recognized as peculiar of the secular electorates, habituated the hereditary charges of Archsteward (ErztruchseÃ) of the Empire Imperial Vicar (Reichsverweser) of the western even-steven of Germany.
		Counts Palatine of the Rhine, 1085â“1356 Heinrich II of Laach 1085â“1095 Sigfried of Ballenstadt 1095â“1113 Gottfried of Kalw 1113â“1129 Wilhelm of Ballenstadt 1129â“1139 Henry IV Jasomirgott 1139â“1142 Hermann III of Stahleck 1142â“1155 Conrad of Hohenstaufen 1156â“1195 Henry V of Welf 1195â“1211 Henry VI of Welf 1211â“1214
	en.89of100e.info /Palatinate (1344 words)

	[No title]
		The division of the chief confessions is based in great part on the historic conditions prevailing in 1624 and 1648, although the development of the cities has been the cause of many changes, the proportion of Protestants having increased in Munich and that of the Roman Catholics in Nuremberg.
		The Upper Palatinate was not completely converted to Roman Catholicism in 1622â“28, since the duchy of Sulzbach and the imperial city of Regensburg retained congregations of both confessions who used the same churches; but with the increase in population the proportion of Protestants steadily declined.
		In 1848 the Protestant Church of the Palatinate and the consistory of Speyer were placed directly under the jurisdiction of the ministry of state.
	www.ccel.org /s/schaff/encyc02/cache/encyc02.txt (15530 words)

	Free Ebooks of Palatinate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In the Golden Bull of 1356, the Palatinate was made one of the secular prince-elector, and given the hereditary offices of Archsteward (Erztruchseß) of the Empire and Imperial Vicar (Reichsverweser) of the western half of Germany.
		By the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, Frederick V's son, Karl I Ludwig, Elector Palatine, was restored to the Lower Palatinate, and given a new electoral title, but the Upper Palatinate and the senior electoral title remained with the Bavarian line.
		The Palatinate was dissolved in the Wars of the French Revolution - first its left bank territories were occupied, and then annexed, by France starting in 1795, and then, in 1803, its right bank territories were taken by the Margrave of Baden Germany.
	palatinate.en.rhot.org (4831 words)

	Thomas's Glassware Tour --- Neuburg a. d. Donau (D)
		In 1556 Ottheinrich became Elector of the Palatinate (Pfalz) and from then on until his death in 1559 resided in Heidelberg.
		When the Bavarian line of the Wittelsbach family became extinct in 1777, the line Pfalz-Sulzbach inherited their countries and united Bavaria and the Palatinate under Prince Karl Theodor of Bavaria who subsequently took his residence in Munich.
		In 1795 the castle became the dowager seat of Dowager Duchess Maria Amalia, widow of Duke Karl II August of Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld.
	www.thomasgraz.net /glass/gl-1479.htm (485 words)

	Morganatic and Unequal Marriages in German Law
		The Elector Palatine, the archdukes of Austria held from the Emperor the power of ennoblement and used it within their domains independently of the emperor from the 16th c., soon followed in the 17th century by several other states (Prussia, Bavaria).
		The marriage was declared void by a court in the Hague on26 July 1757, and the spouse's attempts to have her daughter recognized as a princess of Anhalt were rejected by the Reichshofrat on May 11, 1778; likewise an attempt to obtain the title of countess of Anhalt (Sep 14, 1780).
		Karl was thus the only surviving son and succeeded his father in Durlach, without any opposition from the agnates (in particular the two sons of Bernhard of Baden-Baden, who were under guardianship).
	www.heraldica.org /topics/royalty/g_morganat.htm (15433 words)

	Succession Laws of the Wittelsbach (Palatinate, Bavaria)
		The treaty of Pavia established the division between the Palatinate and Bavaria that was to last until the extinction of Ludwig's posterity in 1777.
		In 1740 Emperor Karl VI died, and the house of Habsburg was extinct.
		The rights of the Palatine branch to the whole Bavarian inheritance were founded on a series of treaties, beginning with the treaty of Pavia in 1329, and strengthened by a series of treaties made during the lifetime of the last Elector of Bavaria (treaties of 1766, 1771, 1774).
	www.heraldica.org /topics/royalty/HGBayern.htm (9458 words)

	Morsbach - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		1742 elector Karl Theodor to Pfalz-Sulzbach becomes a duke of Berg.
		When he in 1777 at the same time elector of Bavaria becomes, the residence of the dukedom is moved to Munich.
		1805 the successor of the elector Karl Theodor, elector Maximilian Joseph von Pfalz-Zweibrücken, forms an alliance with Napoleon and becomes a king of Bavaria.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Morsbach (1116 words)

	Wikinfo \| Maximilian I of Bavaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Maximilian I (also known as Maximilian Joseph) (May 27, 1756 - October 13, 1825), king of Bavaria from 1805 to 1825, was the son of the count palatine Frederick Micheal of Zwei-briicken-Birkenfeld and Maria Francisca Sulzbach, and was born on May 27 1756.
		He was carefully educated under the supervision of his uncle, Duke Christian IV of Zweibriicken, took service in 1777 as a colonel in the French army and rose rapidly to the rank of major-general.
		Images, some of which are used under the doctrine of Fair use or used with permission, may not be available.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Maximilian_I_of_Bavaria (1056 words)

	GdD1
		Beyer is one of respect and admiration because of his strong support and promotion of the German community, and because of the part he played in bringing business sense to the city, and lastly because of his spotless record as a politician.
		was born on December 31, 1823 in Flannersheim in the Canton of Frankenthal in the Rhine Palatinate.
		was born in 1817 in Herzheim-Weier in the Rhein Palatinate.
	www.archivaria.com /GdDbios/GdDfulltext.html (21619 words)

	Pfalz info here at en.89of100e.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A palatinate is a territory administered by a count palatine, the unreserved representative of the sovereign, but subsequent the hereditary ruler of the territory likely to the crown's overlordship.
		In the Golden Bull of 1356, the Palatinate was recognized as uncommon of the secular electorates, accustomed the hereditary charges of Archsteward (ErztruchseÃ) of the Empire Imperial Vicar (Reichsverweser) of the western halved of Germany.
		Due to the disposition of division of territories mid unalike branches of the family, by the premier 16th century second-string of the Palatine Wittelsbachs came to canon in Simmern, Kaiserslautern, ZweibrÃ¼cken in the Lower Palatinate, in Neuburg Sulzbach in the Upper Palatinate.
	en.89of100e.info /Pfalz (1332 words)

	Austrian Rulers 1657-1918 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		1777 Elector of Bavaria, Maximilian Joseph, House of Wittelsbach, dies and the succession of the Duchy of Bavaria is passed to the Elector Charles Theodore, House of Sulzbach (Maximilian Joseph was childless, and brother Clemens did in 1770).
		Charles Theodor of the Palatinate cedes Lower Bavaria to Austria and Austrian troops occupied the area.
		Note: Their daughter, Marie Ludovika, was third wife (married 6 Jan 1808, died 1816?) of Francis I. Marie Antoinette, born 2 November 1755, Queen consort of Louis XVI of France (1774-93), died 16 October 1793 (age 38).
	www.krischanphoto.com /austria/1740/1740.htm (1095 words)

	Hapsburgs
		As a Habsburg, Ferdinand became Holy Roman Emperor in 1619 and, allied with Bavaria and the Catholic League, defeated the Bohemians at the Battle of White Mountain in 1620.
		Karl II Archduke of Inner Austria, younger son of Emperor Ferdinand I and Anna of Hungary
		Karl VI Emperor, King of Hungary as Karl III, King of Bohemia as Karl II, son of Emperor Leopold I and Countess Eleonore of Palatinate-Neuburg
	www.geocities.com /historyofaustria/habsburgs.html (6790 words)

	Palatinate dgun.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Heredity (the adjective is hereditary) is the transfer of characteristics from parent to offspring, either through their genes or through the social institution called inheritance (for example, a title of nobility is passed from individual to individual according to relevant customs and/or laws).
		The Wittelsbach family were the ruling dynasty of the German duchy of Bavaria from 1180 to 1918 and of the Rhine Palatinate from 1214 until 1805; in 1815 the latter territory was partly incorporated into Bavaria, which had been elevated to a kingdom by Napoleon in 1806.
		Zweibrücken is a city of Germany in Rhineland-Palatinate, on the Schwarzbach River at the border of the Palatine Forest.
	pluto.planet.da.dgun.org /en/palatinate (5131 words)

	WHKMLA : History of the Pfalz (Palatinate), 1742-1815
		Reforms under Karl Theodor included the full implementation of RELIGIOUS TOLERATION, economic reforms, the abolition of the practice of selling state offices, education reform.
		In 1777, the line of the Wittelsbach Dukes ruling Bavaria ended and Karl Theodor also inherited BAVARIA; he and his court moved to Munich (1778).
		In 1792 and again in 1794 the territory of the Palatinate to the west of the Rhine was occupied by French troops, was to form part of the CISRHENIAN REPUBLIC in 1797 and annexed by France the same year.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/germany/pfalz17421815.html (575 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - HEBRAISTS, CHRISTIAN: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Even women showed an interest in the subject—Anna Maria Schurman, the "star of the century," in Holland; Dorothea Moore in England; Queen Christina of Sweden (d.
		1689); Maria Dorothea, consort of the Duke of Saxe-Weimar; Elizabeth, daughter of Frederick of the Palatinate; Maria Eleanora, wife of Charles Ludwig of the Palatinate; Antonia, daughter of Duke Eberhard of Württemberg.
		Through the influence of Buxtorf a serious attempt was made to understand the post-Biblical literature, and many of the most important works were translated into Latin.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=476&letter=H&search=Etheridge (1803 words)

	Family Tree Maker's Genealogy Site: Genealogy Report: Descendants of John Sasser
		French troops invaded that part of Germany (Palatinate) where Heimersheim is located, in 1735.
		In 1792, the Palatinate was, finally, annexed by France, and in 1795, the entire area on the left bank of the Rhine (spelled Rhein in German), with its 152 small and tiny principalities, duchies, counties and baronies, was incorporated in the First Republic of France by the Treaty of Basel.
		Due to the burden of heavy taxes imposed on the people by the absolutist government under extravagant Karl-Theodor of Pfalz-Sulzbach, Prince Elector of the Palatinate, the new regime was not popular with the natives.
	familytreemaker.genealogy.com /users/d/o/n/WALTER-T-DONALDSON-JR/GENE37-0001.html (1613 words)

	[No title]
		The non-reigning members of the family were known as Counts Palatine of whatever branch they belonged to (Simmern, Neuburg, Sulzbach, Zweibruecken, Birkenfeld, etc) until in 1777 a member of this branch inherited the lands of the last of the junior Wittelsbachs, the Electors of Bavaria, thus re-uniting the two branches after almost 500 years.
		Rudolf I's descendants were as follows: 1.Ludwig, b.ca 1297, d.before 5 Apr 1311 2.Adolf, Ct Palatine (1300-1327); m.1320 Irmgard (1304-1389) dau.of Ct Ludwig IX von Oettingen 2.1.Ruprecht II, Elector Palatine (1325-1398); m.1345 Beatrix (d.1365) dau.of King Pietro of Sicily 2.1.1.Friedrich, b.1347.
		He m.1613 Pss Elizabeth of England (1596-1662) 1.1.4.1.1.Karl I Ludwig (1617-1680); by the Treaty of Westphalia, he was awarded an extra electorate, but had to give up the Upper Palatinate (that area of Northern Bavaria including the town of Sulzbach).
	worldroots.com /brigitte/theroff/witlsbc.txt (533 words)

	700000 people connected with European Royalty
		Ruprecht Pipan Prince Palatine and Countess Of Spanheim Elisabeth
		Father: King Ruprecht III Wittelsbach Of The Palatinate (1352-1410)
		Karl Theodor Elector Bavaria and Countess Of Sulzbach Elisabeth
	www.e-familytree.net /f6428.htm (1223 words)

	Free information of Maximilian I of Bavaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Duke of Zweibrücken and Elector of Bavaria and the Palatinate
		On April 1, 1795 he succeeded his brother, Charles II, Duke of Zweibrücken, as duke of Zweibrücken, and on February 16, 1799 became prince-elector of Bavaria and Palatinate, the Arch-Steward of the Empire on the extinction of the Sulzbach line with the death of the elector Karl Theodor.
		In the newly organized ministry Maximilian von Montgelas, who, after falling into disfavour with Charles Theodore, had acted for a time as Maximilian Joseph's private secretary, was the most potent influence, an influence wholly "enlightened" and French.
	maximilian.i.of.bavaria.en.qcat.org (2642 words)

	The Palatine Branch of the House of Wittelsbach
		The Palatine Branch of the House of Wittelsbach
		As the diagram above show, there has been a large number of Palatine principalities throughout the history.
		This page record however only the line Pfalz-Zweibrücken and its collateral branches since the others are listed in the Palatine's main page.
	www.tacitus.nu /historical-atlas/regents/germany/pfalz2.htm (63 words)

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