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Topic: Karl Wilhelm Scheele

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Karl Scheele

1786 in science

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	Karl Wilhelm Scheele - LoveToKnow 1911
		KARL WILHELM SCHEELE (1742-1786), Swedish chemist, was born at Stralsund, the capital of Pomerania, which then belonged to Sweden, on the 19th of December 1742.
		Scheele's power as an experimental investigator has seldom if ever been surpassed, and his accuracy is most remarkable when his primitive apparatus, his want of assistance, his place of residence, and the undeveloped state of chemical and physical science in his time, are all taken into account.
		The analysis of manganese dioxide in 1774 led him to the discovery of chlorine and baryta; to the description of various salts of manganese itself, including the manganates and permanganates, and to the explanation of its action in colouring and decolourizing glass.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Karl_Wilhelm_Scheele (1084 words)

	Carl Wilhelm Scheele
		Carl (or Karl) Wilhelm Scheele, (December 9, 1742 - May 21, 1786) Swedish chemist, born in Stralsund, Pomerania, Germany, was the discoverer of many chemical substances, most notably discovering oxygen before Joseph Priestley.
		Scheele worked as a pharmacist in Stockholm, from 1770-1775 in Uppsala, and later in Köping.
		Scheele also discovered other chemical elements like chlorine (1774), manganese (1774), molybdenum (1778), tungsten (1781), and barium, as well as several molecules like glycerol, hydrogen cyanide (aka prussic acid), citric acid, hydrogen sulphide, and hydrogen fluoride[?].
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ka/Karl_Scheele.html (162 words)

	Carl Wilhelm Scheele (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Carl (or Karl) Wilhelm Scheele (December 9 1742 - May 21 1786) a Swedish chemist born in Stralsund Pomerania Germany was the discoverer of many chemical most notably discovering oxygen before Joseph Priestley.
		Scheele worked as a pharmacist in Stockholm from 1770 to 1775 in Uppsala and later in Köping.
		Scheele also discovered other chemical elements such barium (1774) chlorine (1774) manganese (1774) molybdenum (1778) and tungsten (1781) as well as several chemical compounds citric acid glycerol hydrogen cyanide (also known as prussic acid) hydrogen and hydrogen sulfide.
	www.freeglossary.com /Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele (335 words)

	Karl Wilhelm Scheele Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		Karl Wilhelm Scheele was born on Dec. 9, 1742, at Stralsund in Swedish Pomerania.
		Retzius encouraged Scheele to keep a systematic record of his researches and brought his name to public attention in a paper on tartaric acid published in 1770 in the memoirs of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
		In the realm of organic chemistry Scheele is noted for his isolation of a large number of organic acids derived from a variety of vegetables, fruits, and other sources.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/karl-wilhelm-scheele (791 words)

	Imago Mundi - The beginnings of modern chemistry: Karl Wilhelm Scheele.
		But although Scheele first pointed out the bleaching quality of his newly discovered gas, it was the French savant, Berthollet, who, acting upon Scheele's discovery that the new gas would decolorize vegetables and flowers, was led to suspect that this property might be turned to account in destroying the color of cloth.
		Until the time of Scheele the great subject of organic chemistry had remained practically unexplored, but under the touch of his marvellous inventive genius new methods of isolating and studying animal and vegetable products were introduced, and a large number of acids and other organic compounds prepared that had been hitherto unknown.
		Scheele not only made the discoveries, but told the world how he had made them - how any chemist might have made them if he chose - for he never considered that he had really discovered any substance until he had made it, decomposed it, and made it again.
	www.cosmovisions.com /Williams040204.htm (1310 words)

	Karl Wilhelm Scheele Biography \| scit_041234_package.xml
		Karl Wilhelm Scheele was born in Stralsund, Germany (formerly the capital of Swedish Pomerania.) Scheele's interest in chemistry began during his experience as an apprentice to an apothecary in the town of Goteborg.
		Scheele spent most of life in poverty, serving as an apprentice in Malmö and Stockholm before settling in as a pharmacist in the small town of Koping.
		Scheele died in 1786 at the age of 43.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/karl-wilhelm-scheele-scit-041234 (504 words)

	Henry Cavendish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Both Rutherford and Priestley were anticipated by a Swedish chemist, Karl Wilhelm Scheele, one of a group of chemists who brought Sweden to the forefront of science in the eighteenth century.
		Scheele discovered a variety of acids, including tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, and gallic acid in the plant kingdom; lactic acid and uric acid in the animal; and molybdic acid and arsenious acid in the mineral.
		Scheele was involved in the discovery of most of the elements for which credit is given to his Swedish friends.
	acd.ucar.edu /textbook/ch1/box3/Scheele.cite2.html (568 words)

	Carl Scheele
		Scheele was isolated from much scientific literature although he did communicate with Lavoisier who sent him a copy of his early book.
		Scheele's book, Chemical Treatise on Air and Fire, was not published until 1777, by which time European scientists were aware of Priestley's discovery of the same gas (dephlogisticated air) in 1774.
		At the time of his death, very little was known of Scheele's life, the poverty in which he lived, the cold in which he worked, his struggle with illness and his early death.
	mattson.creighton.edu /History_Gas_Chemistry/Scheele.html (777 words)

	Carl Wilhelm Scheele Molybdenum \| News and Information About The Element \| MolybdenumInfo.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Scheele 9.4S 37.8W 4 Carl Wilhelm ~ (1742-1786), Swedish chemist and apothecary; discovered many new acids and gases, and was involved in the discovery of barium, chlorine, manganese, molybdenum...
		Carl Remigius Fresenius Carl Wilhelm Scheele Carnallite Carnelian...
		In 1778 Carl Wilhelm Scheele was able to determine that molybdenum was separate from graphite and lead, and was able to isolate the oxide of the metal from molybdenite.
	www.molybdenuminfo.com /alloys/CarlWilhelmScheeleMolybdenum (539 words)

	AllRefer.com - Karl Wilhelm Scheele (Chemistry, Biography) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Karl Wilhelm Scheele[kArl vil´helm shA´lu] Pronunciation Key, 1742–86, Swedish chemist, b.
		He is known as the discoverer of many chemical substances.
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on Karl Wilhelm Scheele
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/Scheele.html (232 words)

	Learn more about Carl Wilhelm Scheele in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Carl (or Karl) Wilhelm Scheele, (December 9,1742 - May 21, 1786) a Swedish chemist, born in Stralsund, Pomerania, Germany, was the discoverer of many chemical substances, most notably discovering oxygen before Joseph Priestley.
		Scheele also discovered other chemical elements such as barium (1774), chlorine (1774), manganese (1774), molybdenum (1778), and tungsten (1781), as well as several chemical compounds, including citric acid, glycerol, hydrogen cyanide (also known as prussic acid), hydrogen fluoride, and hydrogen sulphide.
		Like many other chemists of his time, Scheele often worked under difficult and even dangerous conditions, which might explain his early death.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /c/ca/carl_wilhelm_scheele.html (271 words)

	Carl Wilhelm Scheele - Wikipedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Scheele arbeitete als Apotheker in Stockholm, von 1770 bis 1775 in Uppsala, danach in Köping.
		Scheele fand auch heraus, dass geschwärztes Silberchlorid durch Ammoniak unlöslich wird und fand ein Fixiermittel, das die Beständigkeit des Bildes gewährleistet, ohne sich dessen bewusst zu sein.
		Chlor: Was viele Alchimisten sicher vorher schon erfuhren, wurde von Scheele erstmals systematisch untersucht.
	de.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele (842 words)

	Chemistry
		Karl Wilhelm Scheele – from pharmacist to prolific and careful experimentalist.
		Much of Scheele’s work anticipated that of more famous chemists working in France and England, but because he did not have an academic position and delayed in publishing his work, he did not receive the recognition he deserved.
		Self-taught, Carl Wilhelm Scheele was born December of 9, 1742.
	www.geocities.com /amusingnaturalscience/chemistry.html (2526 words)

	Scheele, Karl Wilhelm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In the book Abhandlung von der Luft und dem Feuer/Experiments on Air and Fire 1777, Scheele argued that the atmosphere was composed of two gases.
		Scheele was born in Stralsund, Pomerania (now in Germany).
		Scheele's discoveries include arsenic acid, benzoic acid, calcium tungstate (scheelite), citric acid, copper arsenite (Scheele's green), glycerol, hydrogen cyanide and hydrocyanic acid, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen sulphide, lactic acid, malic acid, manganese, nitrogen, oxalic acid, permanganates, and uric acid.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/S/Scheele/1.html (225 words)

	The Scientist : Getting It Wrong
		Arsenic compounds were known to the ancients, and the element's discovery is attributed to Albertus Magnus (1193-1280).
		Neither did Scheele discover nitrogen, let alone by 'sniffing it' (since nitrogen is an odorless gas).
		The discovery of nitrogen (in 1772) is attributed to Daniel Rutherford (1749-1819).
	www.the-scientist.com /article/display/13630 (153 words)

	Amazon.com: "Karl Wilhelm": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		She remembered being impressed because Lucretia had a cook, Marie Le Mans, and a chauffeur named Karl Wilhelm, and a maid whose name she did not remember.
		Der Hofpoet des Knigs, Filistri, erschien; der Dichter Karl Wilhelm Ramler and der Schauspieler Ferdinand Fleck pflegten gelegentlich zu deklamieren and zeigten sich hier Beide als Meister".
		[Karl Wilhelm] Ngeli is one of the botanists who have written against the classification of bacteria into species.
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Karl-Wilhelm (523 words)

	Karl Wilhelm Scheele (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In 1772, two years before Priestley published his work, Scheele discovered oxygen.
		He didn't publish this discovery until 1777; therefore, Priestley is given credit.
		Scheele discovered chlorine, manganese, and barium in 1774 but was not given credit for any of them.
	www.deadchemistssociety.com /scheele.html (51 words)

	Chemical Elements words: mercury to platinum, part 5 of 8.
		He concluded that it did not contain lead as was suspected at the time and reported that the mineral contained a new element that he called molybdenum after the mineral.
		In a classic case of scientific misfortune, the Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele had discovered oxygen at least two years before Priestley did, and by the same method.
		It was not until 1775, more than a hundred years after Brand’s discovery, that Carl Scheele published the much easier method of preparing the element from bones, which then became the chief raw material used as a source of phophorus.
	wordquests.info /htm/L-Gk-chem-elem-Pt-5.htm (4151 words)

	KARL WILHELM SCHEELE (... - Online Information article about KARL WILHELM SCHEELE (...
		Scheele's part to become acquainted with that savant, but the See also:
		advantage, soon sprang up between the two men, and it has been said that Scheele was Bergman's greatest See also:
		Incidentally in 1777 Scheele prepared sulphuretted hydrogen, and noted the chemical action of See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /SAR_SCY/SCHEELE_KARL_WILHELM_1742_1786_.html (1414 words)

	Biography of Scheele (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The image at the right is from a medal struck in Scheele's honor by the Academy of Sciences three years after his death.
		The reason for this is that there was for years no known authentic likeness of Scheele.
		However, a small painting of Scheele as a young man was finally discovered in 1929.
	genchem.chem.wisc.edu.cob-web.org:8888 /lab/PTL/PTL/BIOS/scheele.htm (140 words)

	Thaigem.com \| Info Center \| Gemstone Discovery \| Scheelite
		A transparent mineral with adamantine luster, Scheelite occurs in white, yellow, orange or greenish gray to brown.
		Scheelite was named in 1821 after Karl Wilhelm Scheele (1742-1786), the Swedish chemist who proved the existence of tungsten in the mineral in 1781.
		Composed of Calcium Tungstate (CaWO4), Scheelite is known as an important ore of tungsten.
	www.thaigem.com /dis_scheelite.asp (325 words)

	Oxygen and Oxides
		After studying this section, you will (a) have a basic understanding of the chemistry of the element oxygen and (b) know the differences between various types of oxides.
		The element was first discovered by Joseph Priestley in England in 1774 and also independently by Karl Wilhelm Scheele in Sweden.
		The work of Lavoisier proved that it was a constituent of air, where it represents about 20% by volume.
	www.physchem.co.za /Inorganic/Oxygen.htm (537 words)

	Karl wilhelm scheele (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		View page article download page pdf november evaluating the other, are thrown to predict lightfastness.
		Wilhelm imaging research beschftigt sich mit der entwicklung ausgefeilter testmethoden zur.
		Yes, but only if you ask, karl wilhelm scheele experts.
	wilhelm.realestatenetworkteam.com /karl-wilhelm-scheele.html (75 words)

	A Sanitary History Of Household Bleach - C3.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Edinburgh scientist Francis Home discovered that a weak solution of sulfuric acid in place of sour milk cut bleaching time to 12 hours.
		German-born Swedish chemist Karl Wilhelm Scheele was the first to discover chlorine, an essential ingredient in subsequent modern bleaches.
		Nearly 40 years later, English chemist Sir Humphrey Davy gave chlorine its name, derived from the Greek word for greenish-yellow.
	c3.org /chlorine_knowledge_center/070397bleach.html (731 words)

	Scheele, Karl Wilhelm - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		He also isolated glycerin and many acids, including tartaric, lactic, uric, prussic, citric, and gallic.
		Find newspaper and magazine articles plus images and maps related to "Scheele, Karl Wilhelm" at HighBeam.
		More information is at your fingertips at HighBeam Research:
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-scheele.html (279 words)

	Matter & Molecules: Time Line of Achievement
		Joseph Priestley (1733–1804) and Karl Wilhelm Scheele (1742–1786) each independently discovered oxygen gas, while Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier (1743–1794) elucidated its role in combustion, calcification of metals, and respiration.
		This led Lavoisier to a more sophisticated understanding of chemical reactions as the joining of elements to form compounds or the decomposition of compounds into their component elements.
		He also devised the first systematic chemical nomenclature, naming compounds based on the elements that formed them.
	www.chemheritage.org /explore/matter-time1.html (72 words)

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