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Topic: Karluks

	QARLUQ Articles The Karluks (obs. Qarluqs, Qarluks,
		Karluks were known as a coherent ethnic group with autonomous status within the Turkic Kaganates, and the independent states of the Karluk Yabgu and Karakhanids, before being absorbed in the Chagatai Ulus of the Mongol empire.
		Later, the Karluks spread from the valley of the river Kerlyk along the Irtysh River in the western part of the Altay to beyond the Black Irtysh, Tarbagatai, and towards the Tien Shan.
		The Karluks allied with the Dingling and their leaders the Uygurs against the Turkic Kaganate, and participated in enthroning the victorious head of the Uygurs (Tokuz Oguzes).
	www.amazines.com /Qarluq_related.html (629 words)

	Embassy of Uzbekistan to the United Kingdom Of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
		The ethnic composition of the khanate was dominated by the Turkic tribes of Karluks, Chigili and Yagma.
		In the late 10th century the Karakhanids began to attack Maverannahr, and in the beginning of the 10th century they defeated the Samanids and annexed their territory almost entirely.
		Later in the 12th century the Karluks, traditional enemies of the Karakhanids, began to settle in Maverannahr.
	www.uzbekembassy.org /index.cfm/act/uzbekistan/get/history (5337 words)

	History of the town of Yassy-Turkestan
		At the second half of the VIII century the Karluks occupied the eastern part of the area near Syr-Darya and the Talas valey.
		The Karluk dzhabgu (ruler) was obliged to pay a tribute, but often he broke his obligation, and the Arabs were to undertake punitive expeditions to the dependent territories.
		In the IX century the areas neighbouring to Shavgar were dependent on Karluks, and at the beginning of the X century - to the Oghuz tribes.
	www.natcom.unesco.kz /turkestan/e06_yasy_city.htm (1378 words)

	Kazakhstan HISTORY
		In 766, the Karluks established dominance in what now is eastern Kazakhstan.
		Some of the southern portions of the region fell under Arab influence in the 8th–9th centuries, and Islam was introduced.
		The Karluk state was destroyed by invading Iagmas in the late 9th and early 10th centuries.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Asia-and-Oceania/Kazakhstan-HISTORY.html (1841 words)

	Semirechie History
		During the second half of the 8th century, the supremacy transferred over to the Karluk people.
		At the end of the 8th century, the Arabs were in the process of pushing the Karluks out of Ferghana.
		But in the north-west, in Semirechye the Arabs were stopped at the battle at Talas (in 751 A.D.) and did not advance any further to the east.
	www.sogdcoins.narod.ru /english/semirechie/history.html (402 words)

	İ tuğan tel :: Bäxäs - Oghuz ve Ogur (Ingilizce ve Ruscha) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The resistance of Karluks to Kara - khans, Türkmens to Seldjuk sultans, the struggle of sultan Sendjer, who was also an Oguz, the First Kok-Türkic Kaganate fights with rebellious Oguzes.
		The death of Oguz Yabgu in one of the wars with Karluks attests to the struggles of Oguzes with their eastern neighbors Karluks.
		The economy of the steppe states was supported not only by the taxes raised from the subject countries and their gifts, but also the taxes from the people.
	tugan-tel.noka.ru /forum/viewtopic?t=41 (5977 words)

	The vanished Kimak empire - turkolog.narod.ru
		Al-Fadl ibn Sakhlem was destroyed in the region of Otrar by the Karluks, and fled to the Kimak
		Unrest led to the Karluks and the Kimaks fighting for the northeastern Semirechie; the Kimaks won
		Karluks retained power in the Ili Valley even after the Kimak State had formed
	turkolog.narod.ru /info/turk-27.htm (2361 words)

	Western_Turks
		In AD 751, Tang Chinese army of 30 thousand, led by General Gao Xianzhi (governor-general of the four cities of Chouci-Yutian-Shule-Suiye), were invited by locals to counter Arab invasion.
		Kao's army were defeated by the alliance of the Arabs and the Karluks.
		Gao was the son of Korguryo General Ko Sagye who was captured by Tang army and then served Tang Dynasty.) Hence the Karluks controlled today's western China while the Uygurs controlled Mongolia and the Gobi.
	www.findthelinks.com /history/Huns_Turks/western_Turks.htm (1459 words)

	Guide to Turkmen Rugs & Carpets Turkoman Rugs
		He used the term to refer to the Oguz and the Karluks.
		The Oguz were located near Isfijab in the mid Syr Darya region.
		Mahmud al-Kashgari refers to Oguz and Karluks as Turkmen in the 11th century.
	www.spongobongo.com /Turkoman.htm (1873 words)

	UYGHUR1.COM , Uighur, Uyghur , Uigur, Uygur,WEIWUER , Uighur tor bet, Uyghur website , Uyghur news , Uyghur music , ...
		After Khan Mochuo was killed by Turkic tribesmen, the Orkhon Turks came to term with Chinese, and their successors were said to have erected two stone monuments cursing the Chinese for the treachery and their tribesmen for betrayal.
		In AD 741, General Kao Hsien-chih led the troops into Turkistan, and in AD 747, General Kao defeated the Tibetans near Gilgit in the Hindu Kush mountains and checked the expansion of the Arabs over the passes of the Pamirs to the upper valley of the Amu-darya.
		In AD 751, Tang Chinese army of 30 thousand, led by general Kao-hsien-chih (a Korean), were defeated by the alliance of the Arabs and the Karluks.
	www.uyghur1.com /index.php?option=content&task=view&id=58 (14151 words)

	History of the Turks
		The first state known as "Turk" giving its name to the many states and people afterwards, was that of the Gokturks (gog = 'blue' or 'celestial') in the 6th century AD.
		Later Turkic peoples include the Karluks (mainly 8th century), Uighurs, Kirghiz, Oghuz (or Guz) Turks, and Turkmens.
		As these peoples were founding states in the area between Mongolia and Transoxiana, they came into contact with the Muslim people and gradually adopted Islam.
	members.fortunecity.com /temujin87/history.htm (1067 words)

	Hun & Huns -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China -- Research Into Origins Of Huns, Uygurs, ...
		After Khan Mochuo was killed by their own tribesmen, the Orkhon Turks came to term with Chinese, and their successors were said to have erected a stone monument cursing the Chinese for the treachery and their tribesmen for betrayal.
		In AD 751, Tang Chinese army of 30 thousand, led by general Gao, were defeated by the alliance of the Arabs and the Karluks.
		Uygur nationalists claimed that "in AD 840, Tang Chinese emperor, in order to get rid of the encroachment of the Uygur (who were earlier invited by Tang emepror to come to Tang capital to quell rebellion) and wipe out the humilation, had incited the Kirghiz in attacking and replacing the Uyghurs in Mongolia.
	www.republicanchina.org /hsiongnu.htm (8262 words)

	huns
		The Mongolian claim could be built on basis of the nomadic tribal groups which never left the Mongolian plateau.
		Chingiz Khan or Genghis Khan, after defeating Naimans, Keraits, Merkits and Tatars in central Mongolia, would obtain the vassalage of two tribes of Kirgizs of the Yenisei River in AD 1207, the vassalage of the Karluks in AD 1209 and the vassalage of the Uygurs in AD 1211.
		Earlier, in 10th century, the Kirghiz people were defeated by the Khitans who at one time appealed to Huihe (Uygur) in returning the land of Mongolia.
	www.findthelinks.com /history/Huns_Turks/huns.htm (1511 words)

	Karakhanids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Karakhanids (Qarakhanids), a Turkic people who descended from the Karluks were closely related to the Uighurs ruled over both the Semirechye and the Tarim Basin south of the Tien Shan.
		The Karakhanids, who became Muslims during the mid-10th century, occupied Bukhara in 992, previously the capital of the Iranian Samanid dynasty (819-1005).
		From the late 11th century the Karakhanids in Transoxania became vassals of the Seljuqs, who by this time were already masters of much of the Middle East.
	iatp.edu.tm /baskurt/Karakhanids.html (441 words)

	[No title]
		Certain of the Kipchaks were caught by other Turkic tribes (mainly the Nogai) as they returned to Eastern Europe with the Mongols in the 13th century.
		One cannot speak with absolute confidence about the settlements of the Seljuks, Turkmen, or the Karluks after they commenced their migration around 3500 B.C.E. These peoples may have settled in Central Asia somewhere to the southwest of the Caspian Sea.
		Clearly, however, the Oghuz Turks could not have moved too far from their original settlements, as their members represent the first Turkic tribes to have returned to East Europe.
	www.geocities.com /valentyn_ua/TurkOst.doc (456 words)

	Turkish Embassy.org - Republic of Turkey
		The Göktürk State collapsed after struggles with the Chinese, on the one hand, and with the Turkish tribes within the state, such as the Dokuz Oğ¤uzlar and Karluks, on the other hand.
		Those who stayed in the Balkans and Hungary settled there and were assimilated.
		After the decline of the Uigur State, the Karahanid State was founded in 840 by the Turkish tribes such as the Karluks, Çigils and Arguls.
	www.turkishembassy.org /index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=214&Itemid=230 (5460 words)

	MONGOLIAN HISTORY
		Despite these crippling losses, the Tang recovered and, with considerable Uighur assistance, held their frontiers.
		Tang dependence upon their northern allies was apparently a source of embarrassment to the Chinese, who surreptitiously encouraged the Kirghiz and the Karluks to attack the Uighurs, driving them south into the Tarim Basin.
		As a result of the Kirghiz action, the Uighur empire collapsed in 846.
	aduuchin.tripod.com /mon/id9.html (2153 words)

	e-Mongol.com - History of mongolia
		Blue Turks returned to the steppes and found themselves surrounded by enemies.
		Karluks and Kyrgyz nation were to the west.
		Blue Turks led by a brilliant general Kul-tegin crushed each of them and became a challenging force in the Central Asia.
	www.e-mongol.com /mongolia_history.htm (4758 words)

	Textile Museum of Canada
		A few of the Uzbek tribes living in Uzbekistan and Afghanistan have preserved some nomadic features in their life and in their artistic style.
		They include the Karluks, Durmen, Uzbek Turks, Turkomans, Lakai and others.
		They live in stationary houses the same way as settled Uzbeks, but to decorate their houses, they continue to use textiles similar to the ones used in portable nomadic dwellings.
	www.textilemuseum.ca /coll_afghan6.html (148 words)

	Asia Times Online Community and News Discussion
		Over the course of more than 200 years, a majority of the Khitan tribesmen gave up nomadic lifestyles and lived in settlements.
		The nomads you mentioned may be Turks, Kirghiz, Karluks or any other native tribes in Northern China.
		I could be wrong on this, please feel free to refute.
	forum.atimes.com /post.asp?method=Reply&TOPIC_ID=7485&FORUM_ID=2 (2618 words)

	Kazakhstan: News and Political, Historical, and Economic Information Related to Kazakhstan
		In the Sayano-Altai region they have identified certain archeological cultures which might well be likened to early Kyrghyzes, early Kypchaks or early Oguzes.
		Starting from the IV-th century up to the beginning of the XIII-th century the territory of Kazakhstan was the seat of West-Turkic, Tyurgesh, Karluk Kaganates, of the state made by Oguzes, Karakhanides, Kimeks and Kypchaks.
		All of them successively replaced one another up to the very Mongol invasion.
	www.russiannewsnetwork.com /kazakhstan.html (947 words)

	Uzbekistan: Baisun will become open soon - Ferghana.Ru Information agency, Moscow
		Ethnographers say that the Baisuntau district is not populated by the Kongrats alone.
		There are also the tribes of Katagans, Chagatais, Karluks, and Durmens, there are Tajiks and representatives of non-Turkish ethnic groups (Darbandis, Machaiis, Sairobis, Penjabis).
		Once a strictly clannish structure of the population deteriorated into a mixture of languages and traditions, folk tales, elements of clothing, and so on.
	enews.ferghana.ru /article.php?id=1706 (1385 words)

	Uzbeks Summary
		Uzbekistan, under Russian and then later Soviet administration, became multi-ethnic as populations from throughout the former Soviet Union moved (or were exiled) to Central Asia.
		The Uzbek language is an Altaic language and is part of the South-eastern (Central Asian) or Karluk group of Turkic languages.
		Modern Uzbek bears the closest remblance to Uyghur,slightly less so to Kazakh, Turkmen, and more distantly, to Turkish.
	www.bookrags.com /Uzbeks (2766 words)

	UNPO
		Wang Yen (Yan) De stayed in Karakhoja for three years.
		The Uyghurs living in the southern part of Khan Tengri, established the Karakhanid Uyghur Kingdom in 840 with the support of other Turkic clans like the Karluks, Turgish and the Basmils, with Kashgar as its capital.
		In 934, during the rule of Satuk Bughra Khan, the Karakhanids embraced Islam.
	www.unpo.org /member_profile.php?id=21 (2261 words)

	Turkic peoples (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A century later their power had increased such that they conquered the Juan Juan and set about establishing their GÃ¶k Empire.
		Some divide the above into six branches: the Oghuz Turks, Kipchak, Karluk, Siberian, Chuvash, and Sakha/Yakut branches.
		The Oghuz have been termed Western Turks, while the remaining five, in such a classificatory scheme, are called Eastern Turks.
	www.pastywhitegirl.com /search/Turkic_peoples (3902 words)

	Turk - ThroneWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Turkic peoples speak languages of the Turkic family, and are native to Central Asia.
		They include the include the Karluks, Uyghurs, Kirghiz, Oghuz (or Ğuz) Turks, and Turkmens.
		The movement of the Turkic tribes has resulted in a number of states and empires:
	test.throneworld.com /wiki/index.php/Turk (760 words)

	Serindia--Vol. 1 / Page 558
		Tibetans from the south, our Chinese historical sources show that Chinese statecraft relied greatly on the help of the various Turkish tribes over which their political control extended.
		Among these tribes employed as auxiliaries we find repeated mention of the Karluks, of whom we know that they had become attached to the Uigurs.“ Yet it is significant that when towards A.
		790 the Tibetans succeeded in capturing Pei-zing, Karluks with some other Turkish tribes are mentioned among those who helped them in reducing this last foothold of Chinese poster north of the Tien-span."
	dsr.nii.ac.jp /toyobunko/VIII-5-B2-9/V-1/page/0558.html.en (775 words)

	HUNMAGYAR.ORG - TURAN - EASTERN TURKESTAN - UYGURISTAN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Wang Yen (Yan) De stayed in Karakhoja for three years.
		The Uyghurs living in the southern part of Khan Tengri, established the Karakhanid Uyghur Kingdom in 840 with the support of other Turkic clans like the Karluks, Turgish and the Basmils, with Kashgar as its capital.
		In 934, during the rule of Satuk Bughra Khan, the Karakhanids embraced Islam.
	www.hunmagyar.org /turan/uygur/uygur.html (1412 words)

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