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	Referencias Karnal Bunt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Germination of teliospores of Karnal bunt of wheat.
		Dhiman, J.S. Epidemiology of Karnal bunt of wheat in Punjab.
		Longevity of teliospores of Neovossia indica causing Karnal bunt of wheat.
	www.cimmyt.cgiar.org /Research/Wheat/KB/htm/KBreferences.htm (8777 words)

	Karnal -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Karnal district, in (additional info and facts about Haryana) Haryana, (A republic in the Asian subcontinent in southern Asia; second most populous country in the world; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947) India, has an area of 1,967 sq km and its population is 8,85,000.
		Karnal, called the city of Daanvir Karan has ever been a walled town as far as it is possible to trace and may even have had a citadel one time.
		Karnal was annexed by the Raja of Jind in AD 1763 and was taken from him by George Thomas in 1797.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/k/ka/karnal.htm (415 words)

	Encyclopedia: Karnal
		Karnal district, in Haryana, India, has an area of 1,967 sq km and its population is 8,85,000.
		Karnal was founded by the Kauravas around the time of the Mahabharat for King Karna.
		Karnal District lies on the western bank of river Yamuna forming eastern boundary of the district.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Karnal (338 words)

	Karnal District, Haryana, India - Haryana Online - Karan - Kauravas - Mahabharata - Kalpana Chawla
		Karnal, 'city of Daanvir Karan' has been a walled town as far as it is possible to trace and may have had a citadel one time.
		The Karnal district including Panipat lies between 29 09'50" and 29 50' North latitude and 76 31' 15" and 77 12'45" East longitude, its height from sea level is around 240 meters.
		Karnal is surrounded by Kurukshetra district on its north-west, Jind Kaithal districts on its west, Panipat district on its south and Uttar Pradesh on east.
	www.haryana-online.com /Districts/karnal.htm (395 words)

	APHIS \| News
		Karnal bunt, or partial bunt, is a minor fungal disease of wheat, durum wheat, and triticale (a hybrid of wheat and rye).
		Karnal bunt positive wheat can, however, be sent to approved facilities where it is cubed or steam rolled, a form of heat treatment, and sold as animal feed.
		Karnal bunt is spread mainly by the planting of infected seeds.
	www.aphis.usda.gov /lpa/pubs/fsheet_faq_notice/fs_phkarnal.html (1263 words)

	Cultural Practices for Karnal Bunt Control
		Karnal bunt is a disease of wheat, durum, and triticale caused by the fungal pathogen Tilletia indica Mitra.
		In two years of high incidence of Karnal bunt in the Yaqui Valley of Northwest Mexico, the environmental conditions in March during heading and flowering were: 79ºF average maximum temperature, 50ºF average minimum temperature, 70 to 75% average relative humidity, and 0.24 to 0.50 inches of rain in two to three rainfall events.
		Karnal bunt is not easily detected in the field because few florets are typically infected and the area of the kernel affected might be small and facing inwards.
	ag.arizona.edu /pubs/crops/az1287 (865 words)

	Karnal Bunt, an Arizona Perspective: APSnet Karnal bunt Paper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Karnal bunt (KB), a covered partial smut of wheat, caused by the fungus Tilletia indica, is relatively new in the wheat fields of the world.
		In discussing the dissemination of a disease like Karnal bunt, it is important to recognize the distinction between dissemination that occurs during annual disease development in an infested area and dissemination that introduces the disease to a new area.
		The contents of this statement on Karnal bunt are based on published literature, recent discussions with USDA and Mexican scientists, knowledge of the grain industry in the Sonoran desert and the general principles of plant pathology, including those that apply to the specialized areas of soil borne diseases, plant disease epidemiology and mycology.
	www.apsnet.org /online/karnal/kbspaper/artariz.htm (2053 words)

	Karnal bunt struggles to spread without large numbers
		Karnal bunt has a larger spore that can reproduce on its own, but is heavier and less likely to be blown over long distances.
		Small populations of the Karnal bunt pathogen are therefore expected to decline, instead of grow.
		Karnal bunt has little effect on the amount of wheat that a crop can produce, but it does affect its quality.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2002-08/ksu-kbs072902.php (545 words)

	Texas Department of Agriculture - Karnal Bunt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Karnal bunt is a fungal disease of wheat, durum wheat and triticale.
		Karnal bunt spreads by spores through the movement of infected wheat seed, plants or straw or even through soil carried on agricultural equipment.
		While wheat with Karnal bunt is not harmful to humans or livestock, it cannot be sold as grain and must be heat-treated and used for livestock feed or for flour.
	www.agr.state.tx.us /license/karnalbunt (502 words)

	Karnal Bunt Fact Sheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Karnal bunt is caused by the fungus Tilletia indica, which infects grains at flowering, and is favoured by cool humid conditions.
		Karnal bunt is not readily detected in the field since usually only a few grains in a head are partially bunted.
		Karnal bunt: a varying portion of the seed is replaced with fl foul-smelling spoes.
	www.affa.gov.au /content/output.cfm?&OBJECTID=D2C48F86-BA1A-11A1-A2200060B0A00376 (622 words)

	Karnal Bunt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Karnal bunt of wheat, caused by a fungal pathogen discovered for the first time in the United States in 1996, is considered by many people to be a minor disease, generally causing, at most, only small reductions in grain quality and yield.
		Karnal bunt payments to producers, handlers, and seed companies should begin soon after requests are received in the county FSA office, provided all eligibility and documentation requirements are met.
		Where environmental conditions are favorable for the development of Karnal bunt (temperatures in the range of 66 to 73 degrees F and intermittent rains during anthesis), Karnal bunt is difficult to control.
	www.cps-scp.ca /pathologynews/karnalbunt.htm (4952 words)

	VDACS - Plant & Pest Services - Karnal Bunt of Wheat
		Karnal or partial bunt, a plant disease that infects wheat, is caused by the fungus, Tilletia indica Mitra (syn.
		On March 8, 1996, officials at the United States Department of Agriculture in conjunction with Arizona Department of Agriculture (ADA) announced the detection of T. indica in durum wheat seed that had been inspected during routine sampling by ADA inspectors.
		Karnal bunt is a national issue; USDA is the lead agency.
	www.vdacs.virginia.gov /plant&pest/karnal.html (363 words)

	KARNAL - LoveToKnow Article on KARNAL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		No district of India can boast of a more ancient history than Karnal, as almost every town or stream is connected with the legends of the Mahabharata.
		The town of Karnal itself is said to owe its foundation to Raja Karna, the mythical champion of the Kauravas in the great war which forms the theme of the national epic.
		Panipat, in the south of the district, is said to have been one of the pledges demanded from Duryodhana by Yudisthira as the price of peace in that famous conflict.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /K/KA/KARNAL.htm (336 words)

	AllRefer.com - Karnal, India (Indian Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		The town's name is derived from Karna, the rival of Arjuna in the Sanskrit Mahabharata epic.
		Karnal is a market for cotton, salt, wheat, and metal.
		It is a cattle-breeding center and the site of the National Dairy Research Institute.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/K/Karnal.html (152 words)

	Karnal Bunt of Wheat
		Karnal bunt, or partial bunt, is a fungal disease of wheat, durum wheat, rye, and triticale (a hybrid of wheat and rye).
		Karnal bunt is so named because it was discovered in 1931 on wheat grown near Karnal, India.
		Karnal bunt is caused by the smut fungus Tilletia indica (also known as Neovossia indica) and is spread by spores.
	www.uidaho.edu /ag/plantdisease/kbwheat.htm (1194 words)

	Nebraska Imposes Karnal Bunt Quarantine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		The recent discovery of Karnal bunt in several Texas counties prompted the quarantine, which was issued in support of a federal Karnal bunt quarantine.
		Karnal bunt is caused by a fungus--Tilletia indica--and is spread by spores, primarily through movement of infected or contaminated seed.
		Karnal bunt originated in India and was first discovered in the United States in 1996, in Arizona.
	www.ndmarketmanager.org /marketsnews/newstories/Bridge1.html (365 words)

	Karnal bunt found in Texas' regulated area (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Karnal bunt is a fungal disease that is spread by spores that can attach to the wheat seeds, the grain itself, harvesting equipment, etc. Karnal bunt poses no risk to human health but reduces flour quality because of odor and palpability issues caused by the fungus.
		Two samples of Karnal bunt were found in Baylor County fields, one sample in Throckmorton County, and one in Young County, Thomas said on June 10.
		Producers in regulated areas may grow Karnal bunt host crops, but the wheat, durum wheat, or triticale must be tested for Karnal bunt before the harvested crop is moved from the field in which it was grown, according to APHIS reports.
	www.countryworldnews.com /Editorial/ETX/2002/et0613karnalb.htm (418 words)

	UNMASKED: A Karnal Bunt Fungus Look-Alike
		"Karnal bunt is a disease that is quarantined around the world—meaning many countries that don't have the fungus won't buy wheat from countries where it is found.
		Even though wheat seed wash samples were testing positive for the Karnal bunt fungus using the then-available molecular test, Castlebury and Palm were detecting structural, or morphological, differences.
		The technique quickly showed that 100 percent of each of the 70 wheat samples collected from southeastern farms in 1996 were contaminated with the look-alike fungus—not Karnal bunt.
	www.ars.usda.gov /is/AR/archive/mar99/bunt0399.htm (1177 words)

	NAWG Urges Veneman To Speed Up Karnal Bunt Compensation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Speaking for the nation’s wheat growers, NAWG President Dusty Tallman commended the government’s rapid response to the Karnal bunt outbreak.
		Karnal bunt, a wheat fungus that is spread by spores and through the movement of infected or contaminated seed, has been found in several Texas counties.
		Karnal bunt can reduce yields and causes an unpleasant odor and taste in wheat that greatly limits its marketability.
	www.ndmarketmanager.org /marketsnews/newstories/mc8.html (332 words)

	KARNAL BUNT COULD REAR ITS UGLY SPORES AGAIN
		Karnal bunt, on the other hand, has a zero-tolerance quarantine on it, he said.
		Karnal bunt first showed up in McCulloch County in 1997 and while infected fields were plowed down, it showed back up in 2001, racking up an estimated $24 million in losses to growers and elevators.
		Steddom said it is likely the initial outbreaks of Karnal bunt were the result of planting contaminated seed.
	agnews.tamu.edu /dailynews/stories/SOIL/Feb1005a.htm (607 words)

	Karnal Bunt: What’s the Big Deal Regarding This Fungal Disease of Wheat? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Karnal bunt was first reported in India in 1931.
		Fearing an outbreak of Karnal bunt in the United States, the U.S. imposed a quarantine on Mexican wheat in 1983.
		Since Karnal bunt spores are moved via a number of mechanisms including the wind, it was only a matter of time before it was going to be found in the U.S. Now, the United States is scrambling to protect its wheat export market by imposing local quarantines upon wheat found with Karnal bunt.
	www.agnr.umd.edu /AGNRNews/Article.cfm?&ID=386&NL=3 (1022 words)

	Karnal Bunt - USA (California), Part 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		In the Imperial Valley of California, the fields that are most vulnerable to Karnal bunt, _Tilletia indica_, are those that were previously contaminated with KB spores, were planted with infested seed or are planted to common wheat (i.e.
		For Karnal bunt of wheat in the Imperial Valley, all three factors were at a minimum in 1996.
		Influence of weather factors on the incidence and epidemiology of Karnal bunt of wheat.
	laurel.nal.usda.gov /agnic/pmp/1997/kbu071597.html (1241 words)

	Karnal on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Chromosomal location of genes for resistance to Karnal bunt in wheat.
		Karnal bunt struggles to spread without large numbers.
		In North Texas: Karnal bunt steals millions from farmers.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/K/Karnal.asp (295 words)

	APHIS \| News \| Press Releases
		Growers, handlers, seed companies, owners of grain storage facilities, flour millers, and participants in the National Karnal Bunt Survey who incurred losses and expenses because of Karnal bunt will be covered by the plan.
		Karnal bunt is caused by the smut fungus Tilletia indica.
		Karnal bunt was first detected in Arizona in 1996.
	www.aphis.usda.gov /lpa/news/2001/08/KBCOMPEN.HTM (463 words)

	KARNAL BUNT LOSSES ON ROLLING PLAINS EXCEED $27 MILLION
		Karnal bunt infects wheat, durum wheat and triticale if flowering plants come in contact with disease spores when temperatures are cool and rainfall and humidity are high.
		Karnal bunt was detected in late May in Young County.
		Roughly 400,000 acres are under quarantine in North Texas, but USDA must wait until the 2002 crop is harvested before it can alter its quarantine because the disease was not detected until harvest was under way and some of the crop was already shipped.
	agnews.tamu.edu /dailynews/stories/SOIL/Nov1201a.htm (873 words)

	About Karnal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Karnal is one of Historical Districts of Haryana.
		Karnal is important city on Delhi Ambala Rail Line and Sher Shah Suri Marg (G.T.Road), connected with all important places in the country.
		Karnal District lies on the western Bank of river Yamuna which once flows about 11 Kilometer.
	www.karnal.nic.in /location.asp (277 words)

	NCDA & CS Plant Industry Division-Karnal Bunt Testing
		Karnal bunt is a seedborne disease of wheat and triticale.
		Karnal bunt has subsequently been determined to be established in portions of California, New Mexico and Texas.
		A Nationwide Karnal Bunt Survey was initiated in 1996 to determine the distribution of Karnal bunt in the United States.
	www.agr.state.nc.us /plantind/Seed/kbunt.htm (367 words)

	AgricultureLaw.com News - June 18, 2001
		As soon as the Texas fields were confirmed positive for Karnal bunt, USDA immediately halted grain movement, began trace-back surveys, and tested surrounding fields.
		To date, USDA has found very low levels of Karnal bunt in the newly regulated areas, with only a few bunted kernels in the four-pound samples that tested positive.
		Karnal bunt is caused by the smut fungus Tilletia indica and is spread by spores, primarily through the movement of infected or contaminated seed.
	www.agriculturelaw.com /headlines/jun01/jun18c.htm (303 words)

	Nebraska Department of Agriculture
		Karnal bunt (Tilletia (Neovossia) indica) was first detected in the United States on March 8, 1996.
		During the 1996 wheat harvest, 620 wheat samples were collected for a Karnal bunt/dwarf bunt survey; 370 samples came from grain elevators, 150 samples were seed, 100 samples were research seed grown out of state, and five samples were from laboratories.
		Samples were processed and identified by the Karnal Bunt Laboratory at the Kansas Department of Agriculture and results were all negative.
	www.agr.state.ne.us /division/bpi/ent/karnal.htm (394 words)

	KARNAL BUNT:
		Although Karnal bunt does not represent a problem to the Virginia wheat industry, a basic understanding of the issues involved will help producers to follow announcements in the agricultural press, and understand the reasons for significant resource allocation to the problem by federal agencies.
		Karnal bunt is a smut fungus (Tilletia indica Mitra) of wheat, durum wheat, and triticale.
		Because many countries to which the US exports wheat have a moratorium on wheat infected with Karnal bunt an immediate quarantine was placed on all classes of wheat exports for several weeks from the US until non-durum classes of wheat were certified as free on the disease.
	www.ext.vt.edu /news/periodicals/fmu/1996-06/aaec-321.html (1209 words)

	Preventing Karnal bunt in Kansas wheat. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Karnal bunt is a disease of wheat that has been found in Arizona, California, New Mexico and Texas.
		As a result of the Arizona discovery, USDA initiated a national Karnal bunt survey to provide data to support the Karnal bunt-free status of grain exports from the U.S. Using five-year average production figures, grain samples are taken in every county in the United States that produces 1 million bushels or more of wheat.
		Karnal Bunt Standard Operating Procedures for Seed Procurement and Planning to answer producer questions about seed sourcing, seed testing and equipment cleaning.
	www.accesskansas.org /kda/Plantpest/ExcludingNewPests/karnal_bunt/plant-excluding.karnal.htm (579 words)

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