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Topic: Karol II Stanislaw Radziwill

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Jagiellonian University, Krakow

	Poland - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Teutonic Order, which had just been expelled from Hungary by Andrew II., joyfully accepted this new domicile, and its position in the north was definitely established by the compact of Kruschwitz in 1230, whereby it obtained absolute possession of the maritime district between Pomerania and Courland, and southwards as far as Thorn.
		The transformation of the pagan Lithuanian chieftain Jagiello into the catholic king of Poland, Wladislaus II., was an event of capital importance in the history of eastern Europe.
		The death, in 1565, of Black Radziwill, the chief opponent of the union, still further weakened the Lithuanians, and the negotiations were reopened with more prospect of success at the diet which met at Lublin on the 10th of January 1569.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Poland (15908 words)

	Heydel-Mankoo's Almanach de Polska: The Counts of Poland
		Stanislaw, Andrzej, Jan, Michal and Maciej obtained the hereditary title of Count of Galicia from Empress Maria-Theresa on 5th December 1778.
		Stanislaw, (son of Josef by his wife Justyna Gorzkowska) obtained the hereditary title of Baron of Galicia from Emperor Josef II on 28th January 1784.
		The Stadnickis obtained the hereditary title of Count of Galicia in 1783, 1784 and 1788 from Emperor Josef II, and in 1836 from Emperor Ferdinand I. The titles were later confirmed in Russia in 1809, 1840, 1841, 1862, 1888 and 1894 and by the Senate of the Kingdom of Poland in 1826.
	www.geocities.com /polishnobles/Counts.html (9249 words)

	The Elected Monarchy
		The farcical elections that followed the resignation of Jan II Kazimierz, the last of the Vasas (1668), led to the appointment of a Polish nonentity, the favourite of the szlachta (the nobility) suspicious of foreigners and seeking a “new Piast”, despised by both Bourbon and Habsburg factions, Jarema’s son, Michal Korybut (b.
		Stanislaw was the brother-in-law of Michal and August Czartoryski and formed part of that powerful group aiming at reform, “the Family”.
		On acceding to the throne Stanislaw Augustus attempted to show that he was no puppet by setting up a range of commissions and ministries aimed at improving the process of government, carrying out financial and educational reforms and establishing a military school (the Szkola Rycerska); it was obvious that a Polish revival was under way.
	alife.ccp14.ac.uk /macsoft2/www/ElectedMonarchy.html (5443 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The death, in 1565, of Black Radziwill, the chief opponent of the union, still further weakened the Lithuanians, and the negotiations were reopened with more prospect of success at the diet which met at Lublin on the Tothof January 1569.
		For the shock of the first partition was so far salutary that it awoke the public con-science to a sense of the national inferiority; stimulated the younger generation to extraordinary patriotic efforts; and thus went far to produce the native reformers who were to do such wonders during the great quadrennial diet.
		Its leaders, Stanislaw Reform of Malachowski, Hugo Kollontaj and Ignaty Potocki, the con- were men of character and capacity, and its measures st;tutlon, were correspondingly vigorous.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /correction/edit?content_id=49043&locale=en (18310 words)

	Herbarz Polski (A) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		STANISLAW AICHINGER from the Duchy of Oswiecim and Zator belongs to this house.
		Stanislaw, captain of an armored division, fell in battle with Moscow at Miednice, which was noted by the Sejm in 1662 with the recommendation that his sacrifice be remembered, which the Sejm of 1683 confirmed.
		His brothers were: Stanislaw, subprefect of Petychor; Józef, general in the royal army; Antoni, clerical scribe of the crown and secretary of the permanent council, who died in 1784; and Tomasz, v.
	www.pgsa.org /heraldry/herbarzA.htm (6839 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The latter was achieved with the help of Austrian King Karol, who did not wish to have the powerful King of Sweden as his immediate neighbor.
		After the Swedes became embroiled in a war with the Russians, and had suffered a defeat at Poltawa in 1709, Leszczynski was forced to abdicate and leave the country.
		An episode which relates the desecration of the picture of the Madonna, which was held in great reverence by the local population, by the Saxons in 1701, indicates that King August II kept a German unit in Jazlowiec from the very beginning of his election to the Polish throne.
	www.personal.psu.edu /users/w/x/wxk116/sjk/jazch6.html (6271 words)

	Herbarz Polski (Ba)
		STANISLAW IGNACY BAKOWSKI, Chamberlain of Chelmno, son of Jan Ignacy, the voivode of Malbork, was thrice deputized to the Sejm: for the coronation of King August II in 1697, when he signed the Confirmationern Jurium Gentium; in 1699; and before that, in 1696, to the general convocation in Warsaw.
		Stanislaw Baryczka, heir to Machalowice and Czosnow, cupbearer of Czerniechow, royal secretary, was granted Polish citizenship by the Parliament in 1658, as were Wojciech and Jan. Brought up in Polish camps, he sharpened his knightly skills and proficiency in architectonics.
		Stanislaw was most generous to the clergy, and filled up the library of the Dominicans in Warsaw with books.
	www.pgsa.org /Hearldry/herbarzBa.htm (7226 words)

	President of The Republic of Poland - Presidential Palace (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It was bought from Stanislaw Herakliusz and August Hieronim, the descendants of Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski, by Michal Kazimierz Radziwill I of the Nieswiez-Olyka line, whose wife Katarzyna was a sister of King Jan III Sobieski.
		One of the most impressive meals given by that representative of the Radziwill family was the feast given on St. Catherine's day, the 25th November 1789, the coronation day of King Stanislaw August (Stanislaus Augustus), and to commemorate the Union of Lithuania with the Crown.
		Karol Stanislaw died as a sick and blind man at the age of 57.
	www.president.pl /x.node?id=442 (1300 words)

	Short history of the Radziwill Family by Peter Paul Bajer
		Stanislaw died during the Polish offensive in Ukraine and was decorated posthumously with the highest Polish military honour-the Cross of Virtuti Militari.
		Those Radziwills who decided to stay in Poland despite prosecution and hardship faced by all 'enemies of the working class', were able to adapt to the new political situation with perseverance and resourcefulness.
		Radziwill's exclusivity is also sustained by the upholding of a patriotic/religious ideology associated with the Polish aristocratic circles and based on the principle of noblesse oblige-binding them personally to an intensive service towards the common good.
	www.szlachta.org /2radziwill.htm (4734 words)

	The Mineyko family
		Stanislaw and Cecylia belonged to the Lutheran church.
		Stanislaw was born on 24 February 1879 in Bursztyn Palace and died on 28 August 1921.
		Stanislaw Jablonowski was British King Charles II's proxy at the Christening of Jan III Sobieski's daughters.
	pages.interlog.com /~mineykok/info.html (13073 words)

	CULTURE AND SCIENCE - Polish Culture in Croatia
		It is worth noting that during the period of the two elections of Stanislaw Leszczynski as the King of Poland (in 1704 and 1733) the Czartoryskis and the Poniatowskis (who were his relatives), were among his strongest supporters.
		Stanislaw Leszczynski and Boškovic met in Rome in 1753, when the King of Poland was invited by the members of Accademia degli Arcadi, an elite literary association of the period, to become their honorary member.
		The closest associates of the Vilnius Duke included his cousin, Albrecht Radziwill, starosta of the District of Rzeczyca, the princess Teofila Sapiezyna of the Jablonowski family, the duke's secretary Karol Mikuc, the standard-keeper of the Rus Halicka district, Jan Czarnomski with his counselor Michalem Domanskim and a Jesuit priest, father Michal Chanecki.
	www.ambasadapoljska.hr /en/piotr_zurek.htm (1838 words)

	Radziwill - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Recent research suggests that Radziwills descended from Lithuanian boyars-ducal courtiers, lesser nobility, who advanced considerably in the 15th century.
		The Radziwiłł; family reached the heights of its importance and power during the Golden Age of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 16th century.
		With the treason of Janusz Radziwilłł during The Deluge, the family lost much of its wealth and power.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Radziwill (398 words)

	Chodkiewicz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Hieronim Karol and Isabella are 8th great-grandparents of Wladyslawa and Eduard Wojciulewicz.
		(Jerzy Karol, Hieronim Karol, Kzrysztof, Hieronim, Jerzy, Aleksander, Jan, Chodko) was born in 1686 at Bluden Near Pruzhany.
		Jan Karol Gustav Chodkiewicz is great-grandfather of Wladyslawa and Eduard Wojciulewicz.
	www.wojciulewicz.org /Chodkiewicz.htm (2054 words)

	The Courtly Lives of Polish Kings, Nobles, Saints, Knights, and Their Genealogy -The Radziwill Dynasty -2
		Antoni Henry Radziwill (1776-1833) married Louise of Prussia in 1796, Stadholder of the Grand Duchy of Posnan, composer, father of Elisa.
		Antoni Radziwill (1833-1904) Adjustant General to William I and Friedrich III of Prussia.
		Prince Anthony Radziwill II was born 4, 1958/9 in Lausanne.
	www.angelfire.com /mi4/polcrt/radziwill2.html (926 words)

	Welcome to Towne & Country Tours (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Stanislaw Moniuszko - creator of Polish national opera and another eminent composer inspired by folk dances.
		His best known composition, the ballet „Harnasie", was influenced by folk music from the Tatra Mountains, which he transformed to produce an original achievement in the contemporary musical idiom.
		Lunch at the palace restaurant, dishes of the Radziwill family cuisine will be served.
	www.towneandcountrytours.com /opera.htm (2497 words)

	pcpopiel
		Popiel's mother was Marianna Pieglowska, a daughter of the Oswiecim castellan Jan. He brought as a dowry the village Owczary (county of Wislica) and she was a heiress of Czaple Wielkie in Krakow province (county of Ksiaz).
		As related by Leon Borowski, a corespondent to Karol Radziwill, Popiel "was publicly" in the king's anteroom called by Ostrowski "a robber".
		The king was invited to the Popiel's Chocimow and even the court poet Stanislaw Trembecki wrote a poem to that occasion, but on 6-9 1787 the king found the Popiel's house mourning.
	members.tripod.com /kingpopiel/english/pcpopiel.htm (2124 words)

	PolishRoots - Geography & Maps
		The chroniclers (Stryjkowski, II, 62, 63; Kojalowicz, History of Lithuania., 361) describe the siege of Wilno by Kiejstut in 1381 and include details of the tricks he used to achieve his goal.
		The discord and turmoil were not conducive to the good of the city and little changed with August II accession to the throne in 1699 apart from the new privilege, which merely reinforced the old one.
		On 18 March 1700, a fire destroyed that part of the city from the castle to the city hall on the left and the population suffered because of the undisciplined soldiers, both Sapieha’s and the regulars.
	www.polishroots.org /slownik/wilno.htm (19251 words)

	Pulaskis of the Slepowron Crest
		After Stanislaw died without heir, his property passed to his nephew Adam, who signed himself as Kostro Pulaski.
		Monika married Stanislaw Rohozinski of the Leliwa crest.
		His wife (whom he married in 1778) Antonina Oranska of the Kosciesz crest, the daughter of Stanislaw the Nowogrodek captain, brought several demesnes in her dowry and inherited from her father properties in Wolyn Horbasze, Deraznia, and Holubecze.
	www.poles.org /Gorzynski.html (3972 words)

	AllEmpires - The Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth (Full) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The biggest of the Swedish successes was the treaty signed in Krolewiec on 17 I 1656 between Karol X Gustaw and Fryderyk Wilhelm, Prussian prince and Brandenburg ruler (Kaiser elector).
		In this situation Karol X Gustaw admitted that he is not able to held whole the Poland, so he made an attempt to Poland partition.
		Soon after Karol X Gustaw broke off the treaty from Roskilde and initiated a new war with Denmark which have also assisted by Dutch.
	www.allempires.com /empires/polish_lit_full/polish_lit2.htm (3005 words)

	POLISH NEWS - Essay Page - GORLICKA EPOPEJA KAZIMIERZA PULASKIEGO. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In his youth he received a superficial education and in contrast to Tadeusz Kosciuszko was not genuinely interested in economic, social and political issues.
		It is a fact that Radziwill's militia units, commanded by captain Szyc and stationed at Regetów, were ruthlessly dealing with the local population of Lemkis.
		Poczatkowo byl zdania, ze interesy Rzeczypospolitej i osciennych panstw dadza sie pogodzic, a caryca Katarzyna II da przyzwolenie na pewne reformy.
	www.polishnews.com /fulltext/essay/2000/essay54_5.shtml (3581 words)

	paintings-index
		The boy king had been molded by the influence of his tutor, Bishop Zbigniew Olesnicki, to embrace eagerly the role of defender of the Christian Faith.
		Several important castles were taken in the aftermath of the battle, but the Polish-Lithuanian Army proved insufficiently large in the face of Muscovite manpower to recapture Smolensk.
		The Lithuanian Hetman [Field Marshall] Karol Chodkiewicz raised 3500 men, and moved 80 kilometers in 36 hours to meet the Swedish Army.
	www.zincavage.org /paintings-index.html (2547 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Polychromies by Stanislaw Samostrzelnik, a Cistercian monk, from the end of the 15th century.
		On the left side altar there is a painting of St Stanislaw from the 16th century (the 1st example of this kind of painting in Poland).
		Stone church from the middle of the 13th century (renovation between 1988 and 1989), stone belfry from 1776, stone plebystery from 1920, park with an orchard (19th/20th century).
	www.malopolskie.pl /informator2003/html/zabytkowe_en.htm (10055 words)

	List of nicknames of European Royalty and Nobility: D-F - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Rudolph II of Austria, Duke of Austria, 1282–1290
		Henry II of Austria (1182–1236), Duke of Modling
		Albert II of Mecklenburg was regarded by the Swedes as a fox because of his intrigues and avarice.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_nicknames_of_European_Royalty_and_Nobility:_D-F (1847 words)

	CULTURE AND SCIENCE - Polish Culture in Croatia
		September 18, 2004 was the 65th anniversary of the death of his son, Stanislaw Ignacy Witkiewicz - a great writer, philosopher and painter - an artist who became world renowned under his pen name Witkacy, one of the precursors of the avant-garde art in the 20th century.
		Stanislaw Witkiewicz, a great Polish patriot, promoter of national art, painter, critic, writer, born on May 21, 1851, stayed in Lovran in the period 1904-1905 in Villa Atlanta, in 1908 in Villa Gianna, and later in the Pension Centrale until his death on September 5, 1915.
		Conservators from the town of Split, who were beginning the project of restoration of a monument of great historical and artistic value - the antique Jupiter's sanctuary in Split, recognized the laser methods used by the Polish specialists to be the safest and most adequate for their work.
	www.ambasadapoljska.hr /en/pol_events.htm (3901 words)

	Polish culture: The Grand Theatre - National Opera in Warsaw
		Towards the end of the 17th century, John III Sobieski (Jan III Sobieski) revived presentations of operas, and these were subsequently supported by King Augustus II, known as "The Strong", and by King Augustus III, who commissioned the construction in Warsaw of the city’s first operatic building, the so-called Opernhaus.
		The building was also home to productions of the operas of Wladyslaw Zelenski, Ignacy Jan Paderewski, Karol Szymanowski and other Polish composers, as well as the ballets of Roman Turczynowicz, Piotr Zajlich, Feliks Parnell and other Polish choreographers.
		In its new form, the Grand Theatre proved to be one of the most impressive and best-equipped theatres in Europe, its machines and devices were seen as the peak of innovation in the realm of theatre technology.
	www.culture.pl /en/culture/artykuly/in_mk_tw_on_warszawa (827 words)

	POLAND IN NATO
		However, though he married three times — his second wife was Barbara of the powerful Lithuanian Radziwill magnate family — he was unable to produce an heir, bringing the Jagiellonian dynasty to a close.
		Disunity among the factions of nobles in Poland often led to choice of kings whose interests were not always one with those of the Polish nation.
		The elevation in 1978 of Cardinal Karol Wojtyla to the Papacy as Pope John Paul II gave Poles renewed hope.
	info-poland.buffalo.edu /web/history/overview/his.shtml (3967 words)

	Hanover 15
		Maria-Teresa Canuta Domenica Radziwill, Princess, * 1910, + 1973.
		Stanislaw Berowski, * 1953, Md., Ludwika Grzechochinska, * 1953.
		Barbara Morman, * 1952, Md. 1976, Stanislaw Wlodek, * 1952.
	www.william1.co.uk /han15a.htm (2763 words)

	Henry Bogdan - From Warsaw To Sofia
		Catherine II, czarina of Russia, 70, 71, 72
		Kania, Stanislaw, 351, 351, 358 361, 362, 363
		Wenceslas II Przemslyde of Bohemia, 30, 31 35, 40
	www.hungarian-history.hu /lib/bogdan/bogdan37.htm (692 words)

	Poland and Scotland
		In pre-WW II Poland one could see, in the Cathedral of St John in Warsaw, a tombstone, dated 1703, with a lengthy Latin inscription*.
		When in 1651 King Charles II appealed to his subjects living in Poland for material support, and sent to Poland James Cochrane (Cockeran) to arrange the whole matter, they collected among themselves the sum of £10,000.
		Biographical notes about Karol Sienkiewicz whose Diary of sejoum in Great Britain 1820~21, discovered in 1948 and published first in 1953 /p.33 and plate 12/ is of exceptional value for the history of Polish-Scottish relations are to be found in Maria Danilewiczowa's book Pierscien z Herkulanum i plaszcz pokutnicy, London 1960, pp.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /josephd.ross/index.html (6374 words)

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