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	Encyclopedia: Karol Szymanowski (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Karol Szymanowski (October 6, I882 - March 29,1937) was Poland's most important composer during the period separating the death of Chopin and the coming to maturity of post Second World War composers such as Lutoslawski, Penderecki, Panufnik and Gorecki.
		Szymanowski was a composer of real individuality, an artist of aristocratic sophistication and a cosmopolitan who nevertheless responded strongly to the artistic aspirations of his native land.
		Szymanowski was born in Tymoszowka in the Ukraine, part of the former kingdom of Poland.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Karol-Szymanowski (1642 words)

	Karol Szymanowski - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Karol Maciej Szymanowski (October 6, 1882 - March 28, 1937) was a Polish-Swedish composer and pianist.
		Szymanowski was influenced by the music of Richard Strauss, Max Reger, Alexander Scriabin and the impressionism of Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel.
		Karol Szymanowski and Jan Smeterlin: Correspondence and Essays.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Karol_Szymanowski (502 words)

	PMC SITES: Karol SZYMANOWSKI
		Karol Szymanowski was born on 6 October, 1882 on his family's estate in Tymoszówka in the Ukraine.
		Unfortunately, in the fall of 1917 the Szymanowski's house was destroyed and the family moved to Elisavetgrad.
		Szymanowski saw the Warsaw post as an opportunity to re-invigorate Polish music education, neglected during the years of partition, and to form a new generation of Polish composers.
	www.usc.edu /dept/polish_music/composer/szymanowski.html (1013 words)

	The Soul of Poland in Modern Times
		Karol Szymanowski’s life and work are bound up with the question of Polish independence and identity, and with the creation of an authentic cultural voice for modern Poland.
		The corridor of eastern Europe, ranging from Ukraine (Szymanowski's birthplace) in the east to Serbia and Bosnia in the south and Latvia and Estonia in the north, is composed of national groups whose sense of their distinct identities have been forged in a struggle against external political and economic domination.
		Szymanowski shared with all three composers an exploration of folkloric traditions as an expression of an autonomous cultural past, to be used as a source for creating music which could compete with the "universal' standards set by German and French music while also asserting a distinctive and discrete national voice.
	www.americansymphony.org /dialogues_extensions/96_97season/3rd_concert/leon.cfm (2065 words)

	Polish culture: Karol Szymanowski Museum in the "Atma" Villa
		The Karol Szymanowski Museum is housed in the Atma Villa, a pre-1910 wooden building in the Zakopane style, in which Karol Szymanowski (1882-1937) composer, pianist and author of musical and literary studies lived and worked from 1930 to 1936.
		Szymanowski's respect for Polish traditions, his use of folk motifs, especially in later works, and his strong artistic personality make him the greatest Polish composer of the first half of the twentieth century, and one of Europe's finest as well.
		Permanent exhibitions: Karol Szymanowski: Life and Work; the villa's interiors open to the public include the dining room, bedroom and study on the ground floor and the library and archive on the first floor.
	www.culture.pl /en/culture/artykuly/in_mu_zakopane_atma (289 words)

	Karol Szymanowski: bio and encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Karol Maciej Szymanowski (October 6, 1882 - March 29, 1937) was a Polish (The property of being smooth and shiny) composer (Someone who composes music as a profession) and pianist (A person who plays the piano).
		Szymanowksi was born in Tymoszówka, in present-day Ukraine (A republic in southeastern Europe; formerly a European soviet; the center of the original Russian state which came into existence in the ninth century).
		Among Szymanowski's better known orchestral works are four symphonies (additional info and facts about symphonies) (No. 3, Song of the Night with choir and vocal soloists and No. 4, Symphonie Concertante, with solo piano) and two violin concerto (A composition for orchestra and a soloist) s.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/k/ka/karol_szymanowski.htm (434 words)

	szymanowsky
		Karol was born on the family estate in Tymoszowka [1] South Ukraine (3 October 1882) into a traditional, Polish noble family.
		Karol Szymanowski is relatively unknown in the world, despite being one of the most important composers of the first half of the XX-century.
		Szymanowski died in 29 March 1936 in Switzerland (near Lausanne) as a result of cancer of the larynx caused probably by heavy smoking.
	www.oliari.com /storia/szymanowsky.html (2767 words)

	[No title]
		Karol Szymanowski was born on October 6, 1882, on his family's estate in Tymoszówka in the Ukraine (then Russia).
		Szymanowski began his music education with his father and continued at Neuhaus's school in Elisavetgrad.
		Unfortunately, in the fall of 1917 the Szymanowski's house was destroyed and the family moved to Elisavetgrad (Russia).
	www.angelfire.com /scifi2/rsolecki/karol_szymanowski.html (645 words)

	glbtq >> arts >> Szymanowski, Karol Maciej
		In 1905 Szymanowski began to live abroad, as he continued his "self-education." The rich, talented, handsome young aristocrat was an ornament in the stupendous social whirl of pre-World War I Berlin, Leipzig, and Vienna.
		Szymanowski, not unlike other European gay artists, such as Baron von Gloeden, Oscar Wilde, and André Gide, found the spectacle of unabashed boy-love in the less inhibited southern climate to be psychologically liberating and, thereby, an inspiration to his art.
		Szymanowski lived on his family's estate from 1914 until it was destroyed by the Bolsheviks in 1917.
	www.glbtq.com /arts/szymanowski_k.html (837 words)

	FEB 5 - Piotr Anderszewski : The La Jolla Music Society
		Szymanowskiâs peaceful retreat was brief, however: in 1917, rampaging Bolshevik mobs destroyed the estate and threw the composerâs piano in the lake.
		Szymanowski was not a virtuoso pianist, but he wrote for the instrument throughout his life: his first and last compositions were for piano.
		Szymanowski dedicated this work to his good friend and countryman Artur Rubinstein, and it takes a pianist of that ability simply to be able to play music this difficult.
	www.la-jolla-music-society.com /content/view/252/0 (1868 words)

	2/23/00: Karol Szymanowski and the Harnasie (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Szymanowski has been termed, by Felix Aprahamian (an English music critic, on staff on the Sunday times for over 40 years) as being to Polish music what Bartok was to Hungarian or Sibelius to Finnish.
		Szymanowski visited this area many times from 1894 onwards and began to stay there for extended periods from the winter of 1922.
		Reportedly, Szymanowski was enraptured with the spectacle of their marriage day, keenly observing the singing and dancing of the townsfolk for many hours.
	www.filmscoremonthly.com /articles/2000/23_Feb---Karol_Szymanowski_and_the_Harnasie.asp (1327 words)

	Karol Szymanowski: A Leading Composer of the Modern Music Theater
		Prior to Karol Szymanowski, the manifestations of the Polish music theater were primarily limited to opera, the really noteworthy aspects of which were a corpus of national operas by Stanis³aw Moniuszko (1819-1872) and the growing popularity of Polish singers.
		The ballet Harnasie, in 3 scenes, with a choir and a tenor soloist, was finished in 1931 and is the crowning achievement of Szymanowski's output for the theater.
		Szymanowski himself created a wide range of works: a cabaret-type operetta, an expressionistic music drama, a "ballet-grotesque", an opera bringing together the elements of a mystery play and an oratorio, and a mountain fresco, bursting with dance.
	info-poland.buffalo.edu /classroom/szyman/composer.html (2516 words)

	Polish culture: KAROL SZYMANOWSKI
		Refusing to accept the position of Director of the Cairo Conservatory in 1926, Szymanowski was appointed Master of the Warsaw Conservatory, a post he held from 22 February 1927 to 31 August 1929.
		Szymanowski's music seems to have found its right time and is nowadays played ever more often at concert halls and opera houses.
		Szymanowski combines the impact of harmony with an active role of the melody to give his "impressionism" an individual mark, one that distinguishes him from other European composers adhering to the trend.
	www.culture.pl /en/culture/artykuly/os_szymanowski_karol (2502 words)

	[No title]
		Born in 1882 Karol Szymanowski was one of the truly outstanding composers of the first half of the 20th Century.
		Szymanowski’s early works before the First World War display a strong affinity with the work of Fryderyk Chopin, Alexander Skriabin, Richard Wagner and Richard Strauss.
		The subsequent period of his development was characterised by a fascination with the Orient and with Mediterranean cultures during which he was clearly influenced by the French impressionists Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel.
	members.lycos.co.uk /szymanowski (265 words)

	Karol Szymanowski Biography / Biography of Karol Szymanowski Biography
		On Oct. 6, 1882, Karol Szymanowski was born at Timoshovka in the Ukraine to a wealthy, highly cultured Polish family that encouraged his obvious musical talent.
		The Szymanowski family estate was lost in the 1917 Revolution, and the composer's affluent position changed overnight.
		During the 1920s Szymanowski's compositions became known to a wider audience through their inclusion in the annual programs sponsored by the International Society of Contemporary Music, and he emerged as Poland's most eminent composer.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/karol-szymanowski (489 words)

	Composer Biographies for Elif Savas' CD of Reynaldo Hahn, Charles Tomlinson Griffes, Peter Tchaikowski, Francis ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It is often written that Tchaikovsky loved his mother with “all the ardor of an acutely-introspective child”; what is known is that when she died of cholera in 1854, the 14-year-old Peter Ilich composed one of his first works, a waltz for piano, in her honor.
		Karol Szymanowski was born into a family that had a deep interest in the arts; his siblings became musicians, poets and painters.
		Szymanowski's final years were clouded by illness and he sought an alleviation of the effects of tuberculosis abroad in Davos, Grasse and Cannes, and finally in Lausanne, where he died on 29th March 1937.
	www.elifsavas.com /composerbios.htm (1933 words)

	- Classical Music Dictionary - Free MP3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Polish composer Karol Szymanowski studied in Warsaw and later in Berlin.
		Szymanowski’s chief opera is King Roger, a work influenced by the Bacchae of Euripides.
		The last of Szymanowski's four symphonies, a Symphonie concertante with solo piano, was completed in 1932, while the Third Symphony, Song of the Night, is set to words by the mystic Mevlàna.
	www.karadar.it /Dictionary/szymanowski.html (329 words)

	Naxos.com, Your World of Classical Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Polish composer Karol Szymanowskiwas born in the Ukraine, once part of the kingdom of Poland, but studied in Warsaw, much influenced by Chopin and then by Wagner, Richard Strauss, Brahms and Reger.
		Among the best known of Szymanowski's smaller scale works is Myths, for violin and piano, three pieces, La fontaine d'Aréthuse, Narcisse and Dryades et Pan, a violin sonata, Nocturne and Tarantella and a Romance.
		The last of Szymanowski's four symphonies, a Symphonie concertante with solo piano, was completed in 1932, a vehicle for his own performance, while the Third Symphony, Song of the Night, sets words by the Sufic mystic Mevlâna.
	www.naxos.com /mainsite?pn=Composers&char=S&ComposerID=1018 (459 words)

	City Guide for Zakopane in Poland - Karol Szymanowski (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		After Chopin, Karol Szymanowski (1882-1937) is Poland's greatest composer, forging his own distinctive style in an exotic and highly-charged mix of orientalism, opulence and native folk music.
		From the 1920s Szymanowski spent much time in Zakopane and became a key member of a group of intellectuals (including the artist and playwright Witkacy) who were enthused by the folklore of the Tatras and dubbed themselves "the emergency rescue service of Tatra culture".
		Among Szymanowski's works that show a direct influence of Tatra music are the song cycle Seopiewnie (1921), the Mazurkas for piano (1924-25) and, above all, the ballet Harnasie (1931) which is stuffed full of outlaws, features a spectacular highland wedding and boasts authentic górale melodies in orchestral garb.
	www.cityguides-worldwide.com /Poland/99325.htm (258 words)

	The Karol Szymanowski Link Page on Classic Cat
		Karol Szymanowski - Biography from the Polish cultural pages culture.pl with extended, laudatory comments from conductors Simon Rattle and Charles Dutoit, comments on his musical style, and works list.
		Karol Szymanowski - Detailed study of the man and his music, with audio, portrait and candid photographs, drawings, paintings, pictures of his home, discography, and links.
		Karol Szymanowski (1882-1937) - Biographical essay and caricature with summaries of orchestral and vocal, chamber, piano, and vocal and choral music with Naxos discography.
	www.classiccat.net /szymanowski_k/links.htm (457 words)

	Classics Today.com - Your Online Guide to Classical Music
		Karol Szymanowski's fascinating compositional style passed through many changes before finding the sensual, languorous quality it's admired for.
		Szymanowski's vocal writing is no joke, requiring long, high "sostenuto" notes, perfect legato technique, and above all an extreme beauty of tone.
		Her phrasings are often roughly shaped, as if she didn't know what to do with Szymanowski's endless ornamental coloraturas; and despite Axel Bauni's clever accompaniment, the piano is no match for Szymanowski's own lush orchestrations of the Fairy Princess and Muezzin Songs.
	www.classicstoday.com /review.asp?ReviewNum=730 (203 words)

	Karol Szymanowski - by Neal Galanter
		Karol Szymanowski was one Poland's most important composers after Chopin and post Second World War composers such as Lutoslawski, Penderecki, Panufnik and Gorecki.
		Szymanowski was a truly individula composer and a cosmopolitan man who had strong artistic aspirations in connection with his native Poland.
		Szymanowski's Metopes are intended to outline stages in history, in this case based on Homer's Odyssey.
	www.usc.edu /dept/polish_music/composer/szymanowski_galanter.html (966 words)

	Composers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Szymanowski's father and an aunt gave him his first music lessons.
		In Berlin in 1905, Szymanowski and a few colleagues founded the 'Young Composers' Publishing Co., which promoted concerts and the publication of new Polish music and was supported by pianists Artur Rubinstein, Harry Neuhaus and violinist Pavel Kochanski.
		After graduating from the Conducting School of the Vienna Academy of Music, Barnes led the St. Catharines and Niagara Falls (USA) Symphony Orchestras and Choruses, the Toronto Repertory Orchestra which broadcast and recorded extensively for CBC Radio/Television and the Toronto Dance Theatre (as composer/conductor), in addition to guest conducting.
	openingday.com /composer2.htm (1519 words)

	Classical Net Review - Poulenc/Szymanowski - Stabat Maters
		Significantly, Szymanowski began the work as a "peasant mass," which betrays a folklorist and even an exotic, rather than purely religious, impulse.
		Szymanowski and Poulenc bring out all his musical virtues: crisp rhythm, clear textures, and sumptuous choral sound without sacrificing intelligibility.
		As in the Szymanowski, Shaw comes up with an account that means every note, in this case as deeply as Poulenc must have felt every note.
	www.classical.net /music/recs/reviews/t/tlc80362a.html (2353 words)

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