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Topic: Kartlis

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15th century

	History
		Georgian historical source "Kartlis Tskhovreba" (“The life-story of Kartli”, written in mid centuries), ascribes creation of Georgian alphabet to Parnavaz I, in the III c.
		Erismtavars (in Georgian means the head of nation) of Kartli - Guaram, Adarnase, Stefanoz I and Stefanoz II built many churches and fortresses in the country, inc. the famous Jvari (cross) church in Mtskheta.
		In the second half of the 18th century Kartli and Kakheti kingdoms strengthened and united in one kingdom, but Imereti kingdom weakened and lost control over the principalities of Abkhazeti, Megrelia (Samegrelo) and Guria (The suzerainty of Imerety was partially restored in the middle of 18th century).
	tbileli.o-f.com /history.htm (2491 words)

	Kartli - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kartli was part of the united Georgian Kingdom in the central Middle Ages.
		In 1762, the Kingdom of Kartli was united with the neighboring Kingdom of Kakheti.
		Kartli was part of the independent Democratic Republic of Georgia in 1918-1921, of the Transcaucasian Federative Soviet Socialist Republic in 1922-1936 (whose capital was Tbilisi, the province's and Georgia's main city), and of the Georgian SSR in 1936-1991.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kartli (499 words)

	The History of Georgia
		The kingdom of Kartli is linked to the name of King Parnavaz (the founder of the Parnavazi dynasty), who expelled invaders from Georgia and began to reign over a liberated country.
		Kartli had sufficiently detached ifself from Roman rule to be considered an ally rather than a subject state that had to pay taxes.
		The basilica-type churches of Bolnisi and Urbnisi, dating from the 5th century, and the unique cruciform-domed Jvari church of the end of 6th and the beginning of the 7th century near Mtskheta are the most significant monuments of architecture.
	members.tripod.com /ggdavid/georgia/history.htm (4474 words)

	Caucasian Iberia - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In 337 it was adopted as the state religion by the rulers of Iberia, King Mirian and Queen Nana.
		The main Georgian sources of the history of the Kingdom of Iberia are old Georgian chronicles collected in Kartlis Tskhovreba ("History of Georgia").
		The term "Caucasian Iberia" is an anachronism, used to distinguish it from the Iberian peninsula, where modern day Spain and Portugal are located.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Iberi (174 words)

	CONK! Encyclopedia: Bagrationi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Guaram I Kurapalate became the Erismtavars (Grand Duke) of Kartli (Georgian: Kartlis Erismtavari) in 575.
		The Erismtavars of Kartli from the Bagrationi family were:
		In 619, Guaram II, a son of Stepanoz I, became Duke (Georgian: Eristavi) of Klarjeti.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Bagrationi (546 words)

	HISTORY OF IRANIAN-GEORGIAN RELATION - (CAIS at SOAS) ©
		Rome ceded control of Kartli to Persia, and the king of Kartli, Varaz-Bakur II (363-65), became a Persian vassal, an outcome confirmed by the Peace of Acilisene in 387.
		Mainly under the leadership of the kings of Kartli the Georgians carried on a valiant, but unequal struggle to maintain their independence (for an overview of Georgia's economic and political situation between Persia and the Ottoman Empire in the 16th–17th centuries, see Dumbadze, ed., pp.
		His willingness to cooperate with his suzerains won for Kartli a large measure of autonomy, but Kakheti, the center of unyielding resistance to the Safavids, was brought directly under Persian rule.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/History/iranian_georgian_relation.htm (5250 words)

	history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The kingdom of Kartli is linked to the name of King Parnavaz (the founder of the Parnavazi dynasty), who expelled invaders from Georgia and began to reign over a liberated country.
		The kingdoms of Kartli and of Colchis waged incessant wars against foreign conquerors that strove to subjugate them, especially in the 1st century B.C. Mtskheta, one of the early state creations, grew up at the junction of the Caspian and Black Sea.
		The large feudal components of Kartli opposed the government and began to seek allegiances with the Shah of Iran to strengthen their political and civil rights.
	web.bryant.edu /~ehu/h385nis/sisco/history.html (7037 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 98.3.01
		Recently, a number of publications have begun to open up the history, culture and literature of the Caucasus; but this is the most fundamental work published to date.
		The dating of the various chronicles is controversial (we must await publication of Stephen Rapp's excellent thesis on the history of Kartlis Cxovreba for a full discussion of the latest arguments on this thorny issue).
		The position of Jews in the Caucasus, and their importance in the bringing of Christianity to the region is described in The Conversion of Kartli.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/1998/98.3.01.html (1194 words)

	[No title]
		of KARTLIS CXOVREBA has been sorely needed, and scholars will be starved for additional commentary (and a bit mystified by its relegation to second place); to rectify this, the work should be read in conjunction with Toumanoff's many studies and articles (as Thomson himself suggests).
		It is true that few of the medieval texts of KARTLIS CXOVREBA have been re-edited with Q. Thomson uses "Q" to designate the pagination of Qauxchishvili; unfortunately, scholars generally employ the abbr.
		KARTLIS CXOVREBA, although it is now extant in relatively late MSS, is a collection of texts which were written from ca.
	omega.cohums.ohio-state.edu /mailing_lists/LT-ANTIQ/Older/1996/ltantiq.960808.01 (792 words)

	NINO BIGVAVA - Personal Web Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The kingdoms of Kartli and Colchis waged incessant wars against foreign conquerors who strove to subjugate them, especially in the first century B.C. The Romans were the first to come.
		In the latter half of the second and beginning of the third century A.D., the Kingdom of Kartli retained the power and success it had achieved earlier; but, in the 230s, after a strong Sassanid kingdom had risen on the ruins of the Kingdom of Parthia, the foreign political situation of Iberia became complicated.
		The Kingdom of Kartli maintained trade relations with artisan centers in Egypt, Central Asia, India and Arabia, from which localities precious stones were imported.
	www.bigvava.ge /thekingdom.html (1177 words)

	Caucasian Iberia by Levan Urushadze - Wikinfo
		In 327 it was adopted as the state religion by the rulers of Iberia, king Mirian and queen Nana.
		Main Georgian sources of the history of the Kingdom of Iberia are old Georgian chronicles collected in Kartlis Tskhovreba ("History of Georgia").
		The term "Caucasian Iberia" is used to distinguish it from the Iberian peninsula, where the nations of Spain and Portugal are located.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Caucasian_Iberia_by_Levan_Urushadze (904 words)

	"Mtskheta" by Valerian Mamukelashvili - from Besiki Sisauir's Web Site
		This is an old Georgian village Dighomi, mentioned in the old Georgian chronicle "Kartlis Tskhovreba" (Life of Kartli) as dated of the period of the first king of Iberian, King Parnavaz.
		Its fate is like that of Kartli: it was being suppressed but managed to revive; it was being cut but its root did not dry; thousand good seedlings used to grow out of a good root to resist any attacks.
		The capital of Mtskheta has served the kingdom of Kartli for more than 800 years (from the end of the 4th century BC to the end of the 5th century AD).
	b.sisauri.tripod.com /lit/mtskheta/mtskheta.html (3651 words)

	Georgia in the XI-XII centuries - Mariam Lordkiphanidze - www.georgianweb.com
		The first volume of "Kartlis tskhovreba" included works by Leonti Mroveli - (A History of the Kings from ancient times to the 5th century) and the Martyrdom of Saint Archill (end of the 8th century) and Juansheri (A History of King Vakhtang Gorgasali 5th - 8th centuries).
		In the latter half of the 12th century "Kartlis tskhovreba" was enlarged with the inclusion of "Matiane Kartlisa" (Chronicle of Kartli), a work written by an anonymous author in the 11th century.
		An indication of its great significance is that it was translated into the Armenian language as early as the 12th century- "Kartlis tskhovreba" was compiled on instructions from, and under the supervision of, the highest state-authority, and this predetermined its pronounced class-character.
	www.georgianweb.com /history/mariam/chapter5.html (1839 words)

	Tbilisi
		Once king of Kartli, Vakhtang Gorgasali went hunting with his retinue.
		On the top of the Sololaki mountain, to the west of the town, a huge statue of "Kartlis Deda" (Mother of Georgia) is erected, with a bowl of wine in one hand to welcome friends and a bare sword in the other hand to defend Georgia against enemy.
		This statue is the symbol of Tbilisi, that have undergone great hardships and sufferings through centuries but still remains unsubjugated and undefeated.
	www.architecture.ge /georgia/tbilisi.html (1168 words)

	Georgia Today on the Web
		On Mother’s Day several hundred people holding flags and slogans climbed to Kartlis Deda - the symbol of Georgia - to congratulate all Georgian mothers.
		He added that the Orthodox Church is another thing that should be revived and strengthened.
		After the group reached Kartlis Deda, the Georgian Traditional song Mravaljamieri was performed.
	www.georgiatoday.ge /article_details.php?id=1013 (494 words)

	Narikala Fortress (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The walls themselves are a little scary to climb on, but near death is the fun of traveling in the post-soviet space.
		Near Kartlis Deda are the ruins of a 9th century Arab observatory.
		Kartlis Deda is supposed to be a symbol of the Georgian spirit.
	www.travelblog.org /Asia/Georgia/blog-68719.html (546 words)

	Nordic Culture > Expedition Vittfarne - Scandinavica.com
		Scandinavians, came to the small place Bashi, situated by the river Rioni in Georgia.
		In the old Georgian chronicle Kartlis tsovreba it is stated that they were 3000 men and presumably they had been rowing up the river after sailing eastwards on the Black Sea, most likely from the estuary of the Dnjepr River.
		After an agreement had been made with Bagrat, the king of Georgia, 700 of them continued to travel further into the country where they took part in a battle against the king's enemies on the wooded shores of Sasirethis, a few miles west of Tbilisi.
	www.scandinavica.com /culture/history/vittfarne.htm (1037 words)

	Narikala
		The ruins of an ancient fortress make a necklace for this symbolic figure of Tbilisi - the "Mother of Georgia" ("Kartlis deda").
		The citadel situated on the ridge dominating over the place, for many centuries had been an active participant in the stormy life of the Georgian capital.
		The vista of the Komsomolskaya Avenue is closed up with the monumental sculpture of the woman symbolically portraying the capital of Georgia - „Kartlis deda”, i.
	www.geocities.com /revaz2002/narikala (1490 words)

	E. Kopaliani, I. Tsiklauri (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		"Kartlis Tskhovreba" ("Kartli life") - a collection of earlier stories, which is written in different times includes not only history of Georgia, but the World history and the history of the peoples living in North Caucasus, as well.
		It is stated that besides historical facts, we come across the mythological stories, and very interesting conclusions, so actual today, can be made on the backgroung of the events taking place in the Caucasus noweday.
		The paper refers to the earlier period of "Kartlis Tskhovreba".
	caucasica.iatp.org.ge /N2/Eng/Eng_Resume/E_Kopaliani.htm (144 words)

	Picture of Square in Tbilisi with statue of Kartlis Deda in the background \| Travel Photography \| Tbilisi \| Georgia \| ...
		Picture of Square in Tbilisi with statue of Kartlis Deda in the background
		This picture shows Square in Tbilisi with statue of Kartlis Deda in the background.
		Purchase Square in Tbilisi with statue of Kartlis Deda in the background (Georgia)
	pictures.traveladventures.org /images/tbilisi-streets03 (337 words)

	Caucasian Iberia - Wikpedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In 317 it was adopted as the state religion by the rulers of Iberia, king Mirian II and queen Nana.
		The term "Caucasian Iberia" is used to distinguish it from the Iberian peninsula, where the nations of Spain and Portugal are located.
		This page was last modified 00:46, 4 Apr 2005.
	www.bostoncoop.net /~tpryor/wiki/index.php?title=Caucasian_Iberia (176 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In the report for 2005, the Presidential Representative in Kartli and the Gori Governor were mentioned again.
		According to Tamar Okruashvili, the editor of the newly established ‘Kartlis Khma’ (Voice of Kartli), both officials from the region did not follow the recommendations of the Ombudsman.
		Representatives of the local government are only willingly to agree to the interviews with MP Badri Nanetashvili’s ‘Trialeti’ broadcasting company and newspaper”, stated the editor of the ‘Kartlis Khma’ newspaper.
	www.humanrights.ge /eng/stat287.shtml (500 words)

	HUNMAGYAR.ORG - TURAN - GEORGIA
		Georgians proper are subdivided into a variety of sub-groups: Kartlis, Kakhetians, Mesketians, Dzhavakhis, Ingilois, Tushetians, Khevsurs, Pshavs, Mokhevs, Mtiulis (the eastern groups); Imerelis, Racha, Lechkums, Guris, Adjars (the western groups).
		Their ethnic formation appears to have taken place 2500 to 3000 years ago in the area which constitutes present-day Georgia, through a mixture of native inhabitants and the incoming Anatolian peoples.
		Two states emerged; the Colchis kingdom in west Georgia, and Kartli in east Georgia.
	www.hunmagyar.org /turan/caucasus/gruz.html (1463 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - Kartlis Tskhovreba - History of Georgia
		At the end of the 8th century, the archon of Abasgia Leon rose in rebellion against the Roman Empire and declared himself "King of the Abkhazians." He also liberated Lazica (Egrisi) and founded an independent Egrisi-Abkhazian Kingdom with the capital Kutaisi, in the centre of West Georgia.
		David III raised his adopted son Bagrat Bagratui to the throne of Kartli (975) and Abkhazia (978).
		After the death of David III, Bagrat added Tao-Klarjeti to Kartli, inherited the title of King of the Kartvels, and in 1010 added Kakheti and Hereti to his Kingdom, completing the unification of the Georgian territories into one state, with the exeption of the Emirate of Tiflis.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?t=160589 (2531 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Journalists of the Kareli regional independent newspaper “Kartlis Kronikebi” (Chronicles of the Kartli Region) were left out in the street.
		The building’s new owner suddenly declared to newspaper staff that the two-storey building was already his property and categorically demanded that they leave the building.
		Lia Jakhveladze, the editor of the Kareli based regional newspaper “Kartlis Kronikebi” declares that the Kareli local council and former MP Badri Nanetashvili have retaliated against her, for having actively highlighted illicit agreements between MP Badri Nanetashvili and the local authority, made long before he was stripped of his duties.
	www.humanrights.ge /eng/stat344.shtml (496 words)

	Stephen Rapp (add to faculty web page, please)
		Kartlis cxovreba: The Georgian Royal Annals and Their Medieval Armenian Adaptation, 2 vols.
		The Conversion of Kartli: The Shatberdi Variant (Kek.Inst.
		Basileus: Writing Cultural Synthesis and Dynastic Change in Medieval Georgia (Kartli).” In A. Eastmond ed.
	www2.gsu.edu /~wwwhis/Faculty/Rapp/publication.html (352 words)

	Picture of Kartlis Deda, or Mother Georgia, statue seen from behind \| Tbilisi \| Georgia
		Picture of Kartlis Deda, or Mother Georgia, statue seen from behind
		Kartlis Deda, or Mother Georgia, statue seen from behind
		Send image of Kartlis Deda, or Mother Georgia, statue seen from behind as a free e-card
	www.traveladventures.org /continents/asia/narikala-fortress10.shtml (120 words)

	CHECHNYA FREE.RU \| Chechen News, History, Traditions, Economics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		There are many sources shedding light on this, the most reliable being the Kartlis Tskhovreba (The History of Georgia) – a collection of Georgian chronicles believed to be written by Leonty Mroveli.
		It was the Dzurdzuks, the most populous and powerful ethnic group living in what is now Georgia, the Kartlis Tskhovreba maintains, who reinstated King Farnavaz many times after he had been dethroned by his mutinous vassals.
		In Urartu, the local eastern Hurrite tribes living on the shores of Lake Urmiya, were then known as Matiens.
	www.chechnyafree.ru /index.php?lng=eng§ion=etneng&row=3 (1374 words)

	Catfolk Species Accounts: Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)- North Africa and Southwest Asia
		In 1472 Josef Barbaro saw the "100" hunting cheetahs of an Armenian prince.
		The Georgian Chronicles (Kartlis Tskhovreba) place the cheetah in eastern Georgia in the Middle Ages.
		Fossil remains dating to the middle Pleistocene document the cheetah's presence in the Caucasus region, but it is unclear whether wild cheetahs persisted there in historical times (Vereschagin 1959).
	lynx.uio.no /lynx/catsgportal/cat-website/catfolk/jubnsaf2.htm (737 words)

	Iranica.com - GEORGIA iv.
		Unfortunately, very little evidence is preserved from the earlier periods, so traces of these contacts must be sought in linguistic data, in artifacts, in chronicles, and in later literary works.
		The 11th-century Georgian chronicle Kartlis tskhovreba (The annals of Georgia) mentions two persons: Parnavaz, the king of Georgia, and Artavaz (see ARTABAZUS, ARTAVASDES), the foster-brother of king Vakhtang Gorgaslan (Justi, Namenbuch, p.
		The Kartlis tskhovreba contains a passage referring to a well-known episode in the ˆa@h-na@ma that seems to indicate that the author was familiar with a Persian literary work similar to the Xwada@y-na@mag.
	www.iranica.com /articles/v10f5/v10f504d.html (3516 words)

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