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Topic: Kartvelians

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Laz language

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	Paul Henze and Abkhazia - Some Oservations
		The natural consequence of this was that Kartvelians quickly achieved for themselves the position of being the numerically dominant group amongst the population of Abkhazia [see Daniel Muller 'Demography.
		To do this now is considerably more difficult: the war has brought a heavy psychological trauma to both Kartvelians and Abkhazians, has strengthened the lack of trust and mutual phobia, and has created many new problems which now stand on the path to peaceful settlement, including the problem of the refugees.
		Kartvelian -- translator] population of the region' (p.
	www.kapba.de /SomeObservations.html (2941 words)

	Republic of Georgia
		The meaning of the term "Abkhazian" and "Abkhazia" broadened further from the 10th century, for the title of the king of the unified Georgia began with that of "King of the Abkhazians".
		Bagrat, the heir-apparent to the Royal House of the Bagrationis ("The king of Kartvelians") was crowned first as "King of the Abkhazians" for he was the only legitimate successor to the Kingdom of the Abkhazians in his mother’s line.
		If the Abazgoi-Apsilae were of Kartvelian stock, the Apsua that came later occupied theit habitat (sattled down alongside the Abazgoi-Apsilae), and the Georgians called the newcomers, too Abkhazians.
	angelfire.com /ga/georgian/history.html (6867 words)

	Encyclopedia: Georgia (country) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Egrisi (or Kolkheti) known to the ancient Greeks and Romans as Lazica was a kingdom in the western part of Georgia, which flourished between the 6th century BC and the 7th century AD.
		Thus, both the Persian and the Armenian words appear to be related to the name Iberia, with loss of the initial i- and substitution of w or v for the b of Iberia.
		Imereti is a historic province in Western Georgia, situated along the middle and upper reaches of the Rioni river.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Georgia-(country) (9193 words)

	QUADERNI DI ARCHEOLOGIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Generally, among the earliest Kartvelian - Indo-European lexical parallels the lack of the phonetical reflexes, typical of the satemic area of the Indo-European linguistic groups, is to be noticed (KLIMOV 1986, 155).
		He thinks that the first speakers of Kartvelian arrived in Transcaucasia from the north and considers the Maikop culture of the North Caucasus and the tumuli in Kakhetia, Eastern Georgia, as a probable archaeological nucleus (D'IAKONOV 1990, 62).
		It is possible that the Kartvelian entity was formed in Anatolia at the beginning of the Early Bronze Age as a result of the amalgamation of the native Anatolian and the newly-arrived western tribes
	www.geocities.com /komblege/quad.htm (9198 words)

	Caucasian Languages
		Kartvelian or South Caucasian, a family about 4500 years old comprising Georgian and its three sister languages.
		It probably dispersed in the vicinity of central to eastern Georgia, in the foothills or southern plains.
		Most Georgians and other Kartvelians are Christians, but some of those in the south are Muslim.
	popgen.well.ox.ac.uk /eurasia/htdocs/nichols/nichols.html (1343 words)

	Abkhazia-Problems and the Paths to their Resolution
		The realisation of this was entrusted to cadres of Kartvelian nationality at all levels of society.
		Rather than concentrate on settling our pressing problems, Kartvelian politicians are engaged in demanding of the International Court and various international bodies such as the European Parliament that they institute proceedings against the Abkhazian leadership for (they allege) starting the war, committing war-crimes, etc...
		The Georgian Side expresses (or feigns) anxiety exclusively for the return of Kartvelian refugees and insists on their mass-transfer into Abkhazia, which, as explained, is not in accord with the Agreement of 4 April 1994.
	www.kapba.de /Ozgan.html (4500 words)

	ABKHAZIA.ORG - Georgia: Contemporary Life and Politics
		The bulk of the local Kartvelian population decided they had better flee before the arrival of the victorious allies in case of reprisals (according to Caucasian law of vendetta).
		Only Kartvelians will have fled to Georgia proper, and since by no means all did leave, and since there weren't 250,000 of them prior to the war, it follows that there cannot be as many as is claimed unhoused to the east of the Ingur river.
		That the Kartvelian side is no more willing than in 1989 to acknowledge the legitimacy of any Abkhazian concerns was shewn in a Georgian interview given by Gia Gvazava, a Mingrelian member of the so-called Abkhazian Government in Exile, on Radio Liberty at the end of April 1995.
	www.abkhazia.org /georgia.html (3994 words)

	Georgia
		the Georgian or the Kartvelian language; accordingly, the study of Georgia and everything connected with it is called "Kartvelology".
		It may not be simply coincidence that the far western fringe of the Roman world was called by the same name as the far eastern fringe - Iberia - especially as we may understand them both to be connected by the River of Ocean flowing below and abound the earth.
		According to the eminent linguistic A. Chikobava, "the deeper we go back into the past of the Kartvelian and Ibero-Caucasian languages, the better we can feel their genetic connection with those of the ancient civilizations of Nearer Asia and Mesopotamia (Urartu, Hurian, Hittite, Elamite and Sumerian)".
	www.geocities.com /dani_zsw/Georgia.htm (5295 words)

	georgia2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Bagrat III, King of the Abkhazis and Kartvelians
		Giorgi II Kuropalates, King of the Abkhazis and Kartvelians
		Reigned under the regency of his uncle, until he came of age 1177.
	www.4dw.net /royalark/Georgia/georgia2.htm (2274 words)

	[No title]
		One of the unexpected consequences of the Abkhazian victory became the mass exodus of ethnic Georgians (or rather Kartvelians, i.e., Georgians, Megrelians and Svans) from Abkhazia.
		During the Georgian occupation of parts of Abkhazia, many local Georgians collaborated with the troops sent by Tbilisi and, together with these troops, were responsible for acts of murder and other atrocities, as well as looting, perpetrated against their Abkhazian, Armenian and Russian neighbours.
		The Georgian side accuses Abkhazia of the ethnic cleansing of the Georgian population of the republic.
	www.abkhazeti.ru /pages/1/115.html (4396 words)

	Encyclopedia: History of Georgia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Georgian (also Kartvelian; Kartuli in Georgian) is the official language of Georgia, a republic in the Caucasus.
		The region was settled early by a neolithic culture.
		The Roman Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Ancient Roman polity in the centuries following its reorganization under the leadership of Octavian (better known as Caesar Augustus).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/History-of-Georgia (7406 words)

	Abkhazia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Hence some representatives of the Georgian intellectual elite considered Kartvelians to be the natural heirs of territory which the Abkhaz were forced to leave over the course of the Caucasian War.
		In Abkhazia a policy of altering the demographic balance was pursued, partly by means of forcible assimilation and partly by means of the mass settlement of Georgian nationals in Abkhazia.
		At the root of this policy were works by Georgian scholars maintaining that there was no Abkhaz nation as such, and that the Abkhaz were one of the Kartvelian tribes.
	www.unpo.org /print.php?arg=03&par=715 (3561 words)

	Russia - JRL Research & Analytical Supplement - May 2004
		The first united Georgian state was created in the year 978: the Kingdom of the Abkhazians and the Kartvelians.
		The closest ethnic, cultural, and linguistic ties of the Abkhaz have always been with the native mountain peoples of the North Caucasus, and especially with the Circassian tribes of the northwest Caucasus, rather than with the neighboring Kartvelian tribes of the South Caucasus that merged to form the Georgian nation.
		One pertinent circumstance is the fact that the first state to unite most of what is now Georgia, the Kingdom of the Abkhazians and the Kartvelians, was set up in 978 on the initiative of the Abkhaz nobility and had its center in Abkhazia.
	www.cdi.org /russia/johnson/8226.cfm (9012 words)

	ABKHAZIA.ORG - The Abkhaz Language
		Iranian, Turkish, Kartvelian (Mingrelian and Georgian) and especially Russian influences are present in the vocabulary, particularly in the semantic fields relating to objects and concepts within the sciences and politics.
		This will surely guarantee the survival and indeed strengthening of the language, which represents the only one the two communities share and which will underpin the consolidation of their ethnicity that both seem to desire.
		Renewed pressure on Soviet Abkhazians from their Kartvelian neighbours (see 8) has had the natural, if unintentional, consequence of awakening amongst them a determination not lose their language to the advantage of Russian, which is the main lingua franca of Abkhazia and which Abkhazians know much better than the Kartvelians, thanks to their educational system.
	www.abkhazia.org /lang.html (1249 words)

	Georgian eleqtronic editions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Even the tombs and graves of thirteen-fifteen year-old lads show they were buried with weapons.
		The same characteristic is applied to Kartvelian tribes by their approximate contemporaries” (78, p.124).
		It goes without saying, that so early an “attachment” to weaponry, as well as the variety of the latter — and their specific use, required a systematic training and perfection of combat skills.
	www.nplg.gov.ge /ic/library_e/gabeskiria/15.htm (3480 words)

	Linguistic Perspectives on Endangered Languages - Abstracts
		It is of special importance to present Laz by means of Kartvelian alphabet which was used by Laz throughout their history and which expresses its phonemic inventory adequately.
		Nominative and active constructions in modern Kartvelian languages Georgian and Svan are aspect-determined: the case marking in the clauses containing verbs in Series I (imperfect) is of nominative type, in the clauses containing the verbs in Series II (aorist) and III (perfect) - of active type.
		Taking into account the whole corpus of the Kartvelian passive voice forms all the possible semantic groups are analyzed and using passive forms for them is explained by sharing some features with the passive prototype.
	www.ling.helsinki.fi /sky/tapahtumat/el/endabs.htm (19286 words)

	[No title]
		It was the Dzurdzuks that Georgias first king Farnavaz asked for help at the dawn of the new millennium in his effort to consolidate his reign against his ever-feuding vassals.
		His marriage to a Dzurdzuk woman cemented the Iberians and Kartvelians newly-acquired alliance with the Dzurdzuks.
		It was the Dzurdzuks, the most populous and powerful ethnic group living in what is now Georgia, the Kartlis Tskhovreba maintains, who reinstated King Farnavaz many times after he had been dethroned by his mutinous vassals.
	felist.com /archive/news.media.chechnyafree/200207/22154632.text (6369 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Late in the 10th century, the small independent kingdoms and princedoms of Georgia were united to make up a powerful monarchy, which soon dared to offer military resistance even to the Byzantine Empire.
		In the 12th century, the Georgian Kingdom became the most powerful state in the Near East, its borders enclosing the whole Caucasus, this fact being reflected in the full title of the Georgian Monarchs The King of Abkhazians, Kartvelians, Rans and Kakhetians, Armenians and Movakanians, Shahan-Shah and Shirvan-Shah.
		A unique coin of David IV Agmashenebeli (the Builder), which is kept in the British Museum, bears the title of King David - the King of Abkhazians, Kartvelians, Rans, Kakhetians and Armenians.
	www.nbg.gov.ge /eng/banknotes_coins/museum.html (2380 words)

	Atlas of the World's Languages (Routledge Reference) (Christopher Moseley , R. E. Asher , Mary Tait) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		In Turkey, for instance, no minority except for Kurds and Kartvelians (Georgians) is shown at all; in point of fact, knowledgeable linguists estimate that as much as 50 different languages may be spoken in the country, but the government does not like such views and keeps no records of linguistic minorities.
		One rather imagines that the Kartvelians are included because there is a Georgian state nearby, and the Kurds because, well, they have made themselves heart with guns...
		Excellent Reference but Expensive given Lack of Consistet Qu Having read The Ecomonist's glowing review of the book, I always thought that this is a book which I must have.
	www.dogbits.com /bookstore/us/product/0415019257.htm (413 words)

	The National Question: Chapter 5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The territorial distribution of the largest nationalities involved is as follows: The Russians, who constitute the most numerous group in the whole Caucasus, are concentrated in the north, in the Kuban and Black Sea districts and in the northwest part of Tersk.
		Moving southward, in the western part of the Caucasus the Kartvelians are located; they occupy the Kutai and the south-eastern part of the Tiflis gubernias.
		In the east and in the mountains are located mountain tribes, while other minor groups such as Jews and Germans live, intermingled with the autochthonous population, mainly in the cities.
	www.marxists.org /archive/luxemburg/1909/national-question/ch05.htm (6830 words)

	Josef Stalin: A Christian Who Manipulated Jews
		Georgians are the largest group of 60 or 70 that make up the Caucasian ethnicity, not to be confused with the Caucasian race.
		The Georgians, also called Kartvelians, and their relatives, Lezghians, Abkhazians, Chechens, Ingushes, Kabardians, Mingrelians, Circassians and others, inhabit the Caucasus, between the Black and Caspian Seas.
		These people are completely unrelated to ethnic Russians, Armenians and Azerbaijanians (or Azeris) that live in the vicinity.
	www.useless-knowledge.com /1234/apr/article095.html (640 words)

	Tamar of Georgia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tamar’s frescos are preserved in the Monasteries of Gelati, Vardzia, Betania and Qintsvisi.
		H.M. The Most High Queen Thamar, by the will of our Lord, King of Kings and Queen of Queens of the Abkhazians, Kartvelians, Ranians, Kakhetians and the Armenians, Shirvanshah and Shahanshah and Master of all the East and West, Glory of the World and Faith, Champion of the Messiah.
		This page was last modified 02:05, 26 November 2005.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tamar_of_Georgia (1003 words)

	[No title]
		The name "Armenia" appears for the first time in history in the inscription of the Persian king Dareyavesh I. The other sons of Thargamos settled right north, in the Caucasus.
		Karthlos is identified with the father of the Georgian nation, whose ethnic name is "Kartvelians" as well as Georgia's official denomination is "Sakart'velo".
		Kavkaz has given the name to the whole area between the Black and Azov Seas in the west and the Caspian Sea in the east, and to the Mounts crossing from Crimea to the Apsheronsk Peninsula.
	www.imninalu.net /2history03.htm (6957 words)

	Georgia Report
		Georgia is a truly Caucasian nation, not close to Turkey (like Azerbaijan) or close to Iran (like Armenia), and thus also the ethnic situation resembles the situation in such multi-ethnic North Caucasian countries as Dagestan.
		The dominant ethnic group in Georgia is the Kartvelians, after whom the native name of Georgia is Sakartvelo (the name Georgia comes from Greek origin).
		The other main group is the Megrelians, or Mingrelians, whose language differs from Kartvelian language more than Dutch differs from German.
	www.cc.jyu.fi /~aphamala/pe/issue1/art6.htm (11392 words)

	InternationalReports.net : Georgia 2002
		The Georgians claim descent from Karthlos, the great grandson of Noah, of Ark fame.
		In the Georgian language, they still call themselves Karthians and refer to their country as Sakartvelo, land of the Kartvelians.
		Protohuman remains about 1.8 million years old (two skulls) were found in the summer of 2001, and augmented this past summer (at Dmanisi about 90 miles from Tbilisi) with teeth and other bones.
	www.internationalreports.net /cis/georgia/2002/1/location.html (1202 words)

	95024: Transcaucasus Newly Independent States: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests
		The main languages are mutually unintelligible, ranging from a dialect of Turkish in Azerbaijan to a unique branch of Indo-European spoken in Armenia.
		Those who generally consider themselves Georgian (Kartvelians, Mingrelians, and Svans) speak mutually unintelligible languages.
		Georgians and Azerbaijanis have tended to stay in their homelands, while Armenians have emigrated in great numbers, some to the United States.
	www.fas.org /man/crs/95-024.htm (8054 words)

	[No title]
		According to phonetic laws, a rapprochement may be made between Khalda and Kardou which in its turn may be linked to kartvels-Georgian.
		Unfortunately not much is known about the Khaldian; but they did n't speak an indo-European language but had certain similarity with the Kartvelian.
		This in contrast to Kurd which is distinctly indo-European.
	poshtkoh.mysite.freeserve.com /Images/rep898.html (3834 words)

	The Peoples
		RE:The Kartvelians (* Anaceri Averni, Dec 2, 2003 - 01:40)
		RE:The Kartvelians (* Anaceri Averni, Dec 2, 2003 - 01:29)
		The Kartvelians (* Apiladey ApilSin, Oct 16, 2002 - 17:02)
	ancientworlds.net /aw/Thread/35996&start=8&date=&authorid=0&searchString= (404 words)

	Constantine I of Imereti - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Son of the Georgian king David VI Narin by his first wife Tamar, Konstantini succeeded to throne of Imeret, a large portion of Georgia, upon his father's death in 1293.
		Having a title of the “king of Kartvelians and Abkhazians, etc”, he actually reigned only over the western part of Georgia (country)Georgia and held court atKutaisi.
		He remained independent form Mongol rule, but faced serious internal problems.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Constantine_I_of_Imereti (211 words)

	Genealogy of David William Weaver
		son of Bagrat IV BAGRATID King Of The Abkhazis And Kartvelians -[54874] and Helen Argyrosa, Princess Of BYZANTIUM -[54922], was born about 1040 and died in 1089 at age 49.
		Helena married Giorgi II "Kuropalates" BAGRATID King Of The Abkhazis And Kartvelians -[54921] [MRIN:32778], son of Bagrat IV BAGRATID King Of The Abkhazis And Kartvelians -[54874] and Helen Argyrosa, Princess Of BYZANTIUM -[54922]
		Kuropalates was born about 1040 and died in 1089 at age 49.
	www.daveweaverfamily.com /dave/a33.htm (7934 words)

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