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Topic: Karum Kanesh

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Hittite Empire

	Go to Turkey!
		Karum area surrounds the eastern and sotheastern fringes of the tumulus.
		Karum looks to be of the same level as the plain in its three sides but is about 1.5 - 2.5 higher in the east.
		Karum, with its diameter of nearly 2 kilometers, the mound and the citadel at its center are all surrounded by strong walls.
	www.gototurkey.co.uk /index.php?link=1279 (1845 words)

	Kültepe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The city's name Kaneš is popularly transliterated as "Kanesh" because of the way Hittite was recorded in cuneiform, but the scholarly literature prefers "Kaneš" so as not to confuse the "sh" sound with a "s"-"h" double consonant.
		The quarter of the city of most interest to historians is the Kârum Kaneš, "merchant-colony city of Kaneš" in Assyrian (rendered Karum Kaniş in Turkish).
		During the Bronze Age in this region, the Kârum was a portion of the city set aside by local officials for the early Assyrian merchants to use without paying taxes, as long as the goods remained inside the kârum.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kanesh (972 words)

	Kültepe
		Kültepe is the modern Turkish name for an ancient city in central eastern Anatolia, which is also called Karum Kanesh or Karum Kaniş.
		Kaniş was the main part of the city, while the Karum was an outer ring inhabited by merchants from Assyria for a few hundred years.
		The settlement is divided into several periods, with habitation of later periods occurring higher up the mound on top of the remains of the earlier periods.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ka/Karum_Kanesh.html (264 words)

	Ebook More Info -Kanesh - Free For You. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Kültepe () is the name of the modern village near the ancient city of Kanes in central eastern Anatolia, also called Kârum Kanesh "merchant-colony city of Kanes" in Assyria n (rendered Karum Kaniş in Turkish).
		The city's name is often transliterated as "Kanesh" because of the way Hittite language was recorded in Cuneiform script, but Kanes is more accurate.
		The name Kârum Kanesh refers to a portion of the city set aside by local officials for the early Assyria n merchants to use without paying taxes, as long as the goods remained inside the kârum.
	kanesh.en.lmoney.org (655 words)

	Kultepe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The natives and the princes of Kanesh inhabited the mound, while the foreign traders lived at the Karum, which was somewhat in the nature of a lower city.
		After its second destruction, the importance of the Karum of Kanesh entirely waned; it was abandoned as an area of inhabitation and was left in ruins.
		At Kanesh, which was the capital of the Kingdom of Kanesh during the Age of Assyrian Trading Colonies princes lived on the mound, within the city walls in great palaces which have been unearthed during excavations.
	idcs0100.lib.iup.edu /westcivi/kultepe.htm (1918 words)

	Kanesh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Kanesh was an important independent city-state, founded by Assyrians ca2000 in central Anatolia.
		The first notice of Hittites appears in cuneiform documents from Kanesh, which functioned as a Mesopotamian commercial enclave.
		Kanesh was destroyed ca1740 by Hittites, then in the process of forming a kingdom to the north west.
	www.worldhistoryplus.com /k/kanesh.html (84 words)

	Hittites
		From this contact the existing inhabitants of the area obtained technologies such as cuneiform writing and the use of the cylinder seal.
		The largest Assyrian colony was established at Kültepe (Karum Kanesh).
		Under king Anittas, the Hittite state grew to encompass the cities of Kanesh and Hattush[?], which was capital at the zenith of Hittite power.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/hi/Hittite_empire.html (455 words)

	Karum Traders
		Karum is the oldest trading concept in the world.
		The name Karum is in ancient Akkadian/Assyrian, and it means Quay at a Harbor Dock, which was the port of import and export for commerce.
		Karum Traders offer a variety of unique quality products from different sources, and of different categories, some are hand made while others are mass produced.
	www.karuminternational.com (300 words)

	INFO OF -Assyria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Assyrians established "merchant colonies" in Cappadocia, e.g., at Kanesh (modern Kültepe) circa 1920 BC – 1840 BC and 1798 BC – 1740 BC.
		These colonies, called karum, the Akkadian word for 'port', were attached to Anatolian cities, but physically separate, and had special tax status.
		With Hammurabi, the various karum in Anatolia ceased trade activity — probably because the goods of Assyria were now being traded with the Babylonians' partners.
	assyria.en.cwap.org (3918 words)

	Cloth for the Caravans
		We know from the cuneiform records that nine such karums eventually grew up, of which Karum Kanesh was the largest.
		A second of the nine was recently discovered at Acemhöyük, a little further west.) The city of Kanesh, inhabited by the native people, sat atop a high mound composed of the accumulated debris of many centuries of living there.
		The older sons went off to join their father at Karum Kanesh, while the daughters stayed in Ashur and undoubtedly learned to weave by helping their mother.
	www.angelfire.com /tx/gatestobabylon/clothcaravan.html (5683 words)

	Alwanza: Travel, Trip to Turkey September 2004
		Road maps were difficult anyway because none of the roads had identifying names or numbers, but it would have been nice to have a more detailed local map of an area, especially when trying to find particular ruins.
		Although none of the signs mentioned it, this was the place that Hittites took the name of their language from.
		After the tour of the Karum, which took about an hour because there was a lot to see and the old man took us at our pace, he asked for the equivalent of $4.00 and wouldn't accept more which we gratefully offered.
	www.alwanza.com /travel/turkey/t20040919.html (2051 words)

	THE ASSUR-NADA ARCHIVE ANCIENT KANESH IN TURKEY - Ancient Mormon Doctrine Scholar Dr. Einar C. Erickson
		The digging after 1948 was carried out both on the large city mound of Kultepe, of more than 20 acres, as well as in lower city, called the Karum, of more than 10 acres, where those engaged in ancient trade had their houses and offices.
		xii) Karum Kanesh was the ‘capital' of trade administration, with great economic power, provided the basis for settlements, a clearing house for debts and consignments, provided a court of law, and was backed by the main City.
		In the Kanesh tablets the prefix is in the names Adad-ili, Adad-sului, Adad-bani, Adad-banic son of Dudu, Adad-elat, Adad-rabi.
	www.einarerickson.com /content/view/93/39 (6912 words)

	Hittites - Crystalinks
		The first archaeological evidence for the Hittites appeared in tablets found at the Assyrian colony of Kultepe (ancient Karum Kanesh), containing records of trade between Assyrian merchants and a certain "land of Hatti".
		The early history of the Hittite kingdom is known through tablets that may first have been written in the 17th century BC but survived only as copies made in the 14th and 13th centuries BC.
		These tablets, known collectively as the Anitta tex, begin by telling how Pithana the king of Kussara or Kussar (a small city-state yet to be identified by archaeologists) conquered the neighbouring city of Nesa (Kanesh).
	www.crystalinks.com /hittites.html (2810 words)

	Cuneiform tablet case [Central Anatolia, Kültepe (Karum Kanesh)] (66.245.5b) \| Object Page \| Timeline of Art ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Cuneiform tablet case [Central Anatolia, Kültepe (Karum Kanesh)] (66.245.5b)
		The Assyrian merchants wrote in the Assyrian language, but tablets and cuneiform were later adopted in Anatolia by the Hittites, who wrote their own language with the imported techniques.
		The records of the Assyrian trading colonies, of which Kültepe (ancient Karum Kanesh) was one, provide detailed information about one part of a lively international trade in the early second millennium B.C. that extended from Egypt to the Caucasus to Central Asia and the Indus Valley.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ho/03/waa/hod_66.245.5b.htm (292 words)

	ZENDA - April 28, 1997
		The Karum was situated at the foot of a city and included houses and
		Kanesh, made up of merchants and their employees, whose families continued
		Kanesh support the notion of a corporate and hierarchical organization of
	www.zindamagazine.com /html/archives/1997/zn042897.html (4510 words)

	Hittites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The early History of the Hittite kingdom is known through tablets which may have been first written in the 17th century BC but survived only as copies made in the 14th and 13th centuries BC.
		These tablets, which are known collectively as the Anitta text (see External links), begin by telling how Pithana the king of Kussara or Kussar (a small city-state, which has yet to be identified by archaeologists) conquered the neighbouring city of Nesa (Kanesh).
		However, the real subject of these tablets is Pithana's son Anitta, who continued where his father left off and conquered several neighbouring cities — including Hattusa and Zalpuwa (Zalpa).
	hittites.mindbit.com (2314 words)

	NEW FACES - Legend of Hittite and Urartian Turkey (Cultural Tours)
		En route visit of the museum of Hacibektas, dedicated to one of the greatest Islamic Sufic philosopher.
		Continue to Kayseri for our visit of Karum Kanesh.
		Karum was established by Assyrian merchants as a bazaar, one of the oldest in the world.
	www.newfacestravel.com /tour.asp?stno=18 (1058 words)

	Archaeology tours Turkey, Neolithic to Ottoman sites
		Although this site was occupied from the Bronze Age to the end of the Roman period, its fame came from its Karum, or trading centre, run by the Assyrians from northern Mesopotamia.
		The Karum at Kanesh was the biggest and most important, controlling all the other Karums in Anatolia.
		Kultepe's greatest contribution to history is the 300 or so Assyrian cuneiform clay tablets found at the Karum, which included a divorce document and the freedom paper of a slave as well as numerous trade agreements.
	www.asianturkey.com /ArchaeologyTour.htm (3688 words)

	JNPics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Building of Colony Period date on the settlement mound, view
		Reconstruction of the karum (settlement mound in background)
		Reconstruction of a typical merchant's house in the karum
	www.classics.unc.edu /courses/clar047/KTPics.html (67 words)

	Indo-European Language Family: Anatolian
		Other Anatolian languages besides Hieroglyphic Luvian are written in a variant Greek alphabetic script and include Lydian, and Lycian (see Melchert's Databases below).
		Earliest writing comes from the Old Assyrian merchant colony, the Karum Kanesh, below the citadel of Nesa (Kultepe, near modern Kayseri).
		The first repositories of clay tablets inscribed in Hittite cuneiform come from Hattusa, the capital of the ancient Hittite Empire, which is modern Boghazkale, about 100 miles east of Ankara.
	www.utexas.edu /cola/depts/lrc/iedocctr/ie-lg/Anatolian.html (624 words)

	[No title]
		J.-C. guc, N. Notes on the bronze vehicle from the Sarikaya palace at Acemhoyuk Ozguc, T. Observations on the architectural peculiarities of the archive of an Assyrian trader of Karum Kanesh Postgate, J.N. Assyrian uniforms Reiner, E. Who is afraid of Old Assyrian?
		Puzur-Anna - ein Schmied des Karum Kanish van der Toorn, K. Echoes of Gilgamesh in the book of Qohelet?
		Subject: ane SAD NEWS: Dorothee Metlitzki A colleague sent this necrology from the NYTimes.
	oi.uchicago.edu /OI/ANE/ANE-DIGEST/2001/v2001.n127 (652 words)

	Kanesh info here at en.contents-of.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Markets in the ANE These entrepreneurs created markets in Anatolia, centred at Kanesh, through which they acquired personal wealth in bullion (usually silver but also gold).
		From their home at Assur, the traders would carry tin and textiles to Kanesh...
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	en.contents-of.info /Kanesh (51 words)

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