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Topic: Kashgaria

	Chagatai Khanate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chagatai, the second son received Kashgaria, with his capital at Almalyq (Kulja) in the modern Sinkiang area of western China, and Transoxania between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers in modern Uzbekistan.
		Apart from problems of lineage and inheritance, the Mongol Empire was endangered by the great cultural and ethnic divide between the Mongols themselves and their mostly Islamic Turkic subjects.
		Around 1600, Kashgaria was ruled by Muslim clerics known as Khojas.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chagatai_Khanate (1480 words)

	kashgaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The earliest authentic mention of Kashgar is during the second period of ascendancy of the Han dynasty, when the Chinese conquered the Hiungnu, Yutien (Khotan), Sulei (Kashgar), and a group of states in the Tarim basin almost up to the foot of the Tian Shan mountains.
		Kashgar does not appear to have been known in the West at this time but Ptolemy speaks of Scythia beyond the Imaus, which is in a Kasia Regio, possibly exhibiting the name whence Kashgar and Kashgaria (often applied to the district) are formed.
		The country was converted to Buddhism and probably ruled by Indo-Scythian or Kushan kings.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Kashgaria.html (1681 words)

	Yakub Beg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Yakub Beg took advantage of anti-Chinese uprisings in what is now Xinjiang, in north-western China, to make himself the ruler of Kashgaria with its capital in Kashgar.
		Kashgaria extended from the capital Kashgar in south-western Xinjiang to Urumqi, Turfan, and Hami in central and eastern Xinjiang more than a thousand kilometers to the north-east.
		China eventually retook Kashgaria and, although no one knows exactly what happened to him, it was rumoured that he committed suicide or had a stroke.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Yakub_Beg (199 words)

	China in 1997 (16 Kashgar)
		In the late 17th century, the mongol Djungar khans, who were allied to the Tibetans and had adopted Lamaism, conquered Kashgaria, Turfan and Hami previously held by the Muslim Khodja and attempted to unify the Mongols against manchu China.
		In 1863 Yakub Beg seized control of Xinjiang and set up the independent Islamic state of Kashgaria which was recognized by the British and the Russians who were competing for the control of Central Asia.
		Kashgaria fell back under the control of the Qing in 1877 but Kashgar continued to be considered strategic by the British and the Russians who established consulates there to play the "Great Game".
	berclo.net /page97/97en-china-16.html (504 words)

	JWSR v5n3 - David Wilkinson
		Han conquered the Kansu corridor to Kashgaria from the Huns in 121 BC.
		The Huns were expelled from Kashgaria AD 29 by the Han vassal state of Yarkand, which became the local hegemon.
		Northern Wei annexed the Shan-shan (Loulan) kingdom of Kashgaria in 445.
	jwsr.ucr.edu /archive/vol5/vol5_number3/wilkinson (12949 words)

	Great Steppe Empires of Asia
		The Jurchen overran the Khitan territories in 1114, founded the "Chinese" Kin Dynasty and continued on to chase the Song from Kaifeng to Hangzhou on the southern coast in 1132.
		At the end of the 12th century, China was divided between the south ruled by the Chinese Song Dynasty from its capital Hangzhou and the north, controlled by the mongol Jurchen, calling themselves the Kin Dynasty, from their capital Beijing.
		The Gansu corridor was held by the Tangut-Tibetan Si-Hia kingdom and the territories west as far as the Syr-Darya were in the hands of the Kara-Khitan whose vassals the Karakhanids occupied Kashgaria while the Tarim oases was home to the Uighur who had converted, some to Buddhism, some to the Nestorian variety of Christianity.
	berclo.net /page97/97en-steppe-empires.html (2064 words)

	China By Demetrius Charles Boulger (1893)- Chapter 14 from Nalanda Digital Library at NIT Calicut (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The great region of Little Bokhara or Eastern Turkestan, known to us now under the more convenient form of Kashgaria, was still ruled by the Khoja Barhanuddin, who had been placed in power by Amursana, and it afforded a shelter for all the disaffected, and a base of hostility against the Chinese.
		Even if Tchaohoei had not reported that the possession of Kashgaria was essential to the military security of Jungaria, there is no doubt that sooner or later Keen Lung would have proceeded to extreme lengths with regard to Barhanuddin.
		The conquest and annexation of Kashgaria completed the task with which Tchaohoei was charged, and it also realized Keen Lung's main idea by setting up his authority in the midst of the turbulent tribes who had long disturbed the empire, and who first learned peaceful pursuits as his subjects.
	www.nalanda.nitc.ac.in /resources/english/etext-project/history/china1/chapter14.html (3078 words)

	ROBERT FERGUSON - LoveToKnow Article on ROBERT FERGUSON
		A considerable trade is carried on with, Russia; raw cotton, raw silk, tobacco, hides, sheepskins, fruit and cotton and leather goods are exported, and manufactured wares, textiles, tea and sugar are imported and in part re-exported to Kashgaria and Bokhara.
		A new impulse was given to trade by the extension (1899) of the Transcaspian railway into Ferghana and by the opening of the Orenburg-Tashkent railway (1906).
		The routes to Kashgaria and the Pamirs are mere bridle-paths over the mountains, crossing them by lofty passes.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /F/FE/FERGUSON_ROBERT.htm (1059 words)

	ALEXEI NIKOLAJEVICH KUROPATKIN - LoveToKnow Article on ALEXEI NIKOLAJEVICH KUROPATKIN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		From 1872 to 1874 he studied at the Nicholas staff college, after which he spent a short time with the French troops in Algiers.
		In 1875 he was employed in diplomatic work in Kashgaria and in 1876 he took part in ni,ilitary operations in Turkistan, Kokan and Samerkand.
		After the war he served again on the south-eastern borders in command of the Turkestan Rifle Brigade, and in 1881 he won further fame by a march of 500 miles from Tashkent to Geok-Tepe, taking part in the storming of the latter place.
	10.1911encyclopedia.org /K/KU/KUROPATKIN_ALEXEI_NIKOLAJEVICH.htm (328 words)

	Yakub Beg -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Tajik adventurer who entered northwest China in 1864 and through a series of military and political maneuvers took advantage of the anti-Chinese uprisings of its Muslim inhabitants to establish himself as head of the kingdom of Kashgaria.
		To the west of Kashgaria in East Turkistan, a khanate of Khokand emerged in Ferghana after 1760 as a powerful caravan trade centre.
		When Muslim rebellion spread rapidly from Shensi and Kansu to East Turkistan, a Khokandian adventurer, Yakub Beg, seized the opportunity to invade Kashgaria and established power there in 1865; he soon showed signs of advancing to the Ili...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9077733 (811 words)

	TAJIK - LoveToKnow Article on TAJIK (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Tajik thus came to be the collective name of all communities of Iranian stock and Persian speech wherever found in Central Asia.
		These are co-extensive with the former eastward and northward limits of the Persian empire; but, after the ascendancy of the Turki races, they became the subject element in Turkestan, Afghanistan, Bokhara, Khiva, Kashgaria, while still politically dominant in Badakshan, Wakhan, Darwaz, Kost and Karateghin.
		But, although mainly of Iranian stock, with light complexion and regular features, the Tajiks claim Arab descent, regarding the district about Bagdad as their primeval home, and considering themselves the descendants of the Arabs who overran Central Asia in the first century of the Hejira.
	89.1911encyclopedia.org /T/TA/TAJIK.htm (446 words)

	Chapter 9: China and the Manchus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		A son and successor of Jehangir, ruling as vassal of China at Khokand, had been murdered by his lieutenant, Yakoob Beg, who, in 1866, had set himself up as Ameer of Kashgaria, throwing off the Manchu yoke and attracting to his standard large numbers of discontented Mahometans from all quarters.
		His attack upon the Dunganis, who had risen on their own account and had spread rebellion far and wide between the province of Shensi and Kuldja, caused Russia to step in and annex Kuldja before it could fall into his hands.
		At this juncture, Yakoob Beg was assassinated, after having held Kashgaria for twelve years.
	www.romanization.com /books/giles/manchus/chap09.html (1272 words)

	FERGHANA, or FERGANA - Online Information article about FERGHANA, or FERGANA
		Chinese Turkestan (Kashgaria) on the E., and by See also:
		sugar are imported and in part re-exported to Kashgaria and Bokhara.
		The routes to Kashgaria and the Pamirs are See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /FAT_FLA/FERGHANA_or_FERGANA.html (1013 words)

	Matthew Arnold. Celtic Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Although the youngest, Jehangir seems to have been the most energetic of the Khoja princes; and having obtained the alliance of the Kirghiz, he attempted, by a rapid movement, to surprise the Chinese in the town of Kashgar.
		That adventurer then fled to Lake Issik Kul, whither the Chinese pursued him; but when his fortunes seemed to have reached their lowest ebb a revulsion suddenly took place, and by the surprise and annihilation of a Chinese force he was again able to pose as an arbiter of affairs in Central Asia.
		The fortitude of Jehangir confirmed the attachment of his friends, and the Khokandian ruler, encouraged by the defeat of the Chinese, again took up his cause and sent him troops and a general for a fresh descent on Kashgaria.
	school-library.bookmarkthispage.net /976.html (713 words)

	AlternateHistory.com Discussion Board - View Single Post - (DME) - Konstantine Russia (POD 1815) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Building on this resentment, the Russians are able to benefit from popular support and soon are advancing both East, into the empire proper, and South into Tibet.
		As British forces cross the Himalayas, and march in two columns, one on Lhasa and the other into Kashgaria, a Konstantinovich diehard assassinates Alexander II in Saint Petersburg.
		Tsar Nicholas I, son of Alexander II, comes to the throne in the midst of a war where the Russian Empire is devoid of allies.
	www.alternatehistory.com /Discussion/showpost.php?p=72116&postcount=2 (1625 words)

	160s
		His hopes were shown to be could move to its support.
		The Chinese had crushed the Tungani, and were strength to fall upon him, and to drive him out of the state in which he been in progress, Yakoob Beg had been ruling the state of Kashgaria with neighbors, the governments of England and Russia.
		He had shown rare skill accepted the authority which he was prepared to assert with his Khokandian exist for a longer period had the Chinese not returned.
	www.freearchive.info /16/160s.html (353 words)

	Great Game Travel - Wakhan Corridor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Younghusband was then asked to leave the Pamirs, which the Russians had claimed for the Tsar, but was given a haunch of venison as a parting gift.
		The undemarkated and unclaimed lands between Afghanistan and Kashgaria were known as the Pamir Gap.
		British strategists had feared that the Tsar would claim this territory, so in the closing years of the 19th century, a narrow corridor of land was given to Afghanistan, to create a neutral buffer zone.
	greatgametravel.co.uk /walkingtreks/wakhan.html (1923 words)

	Uygur of Xinjiang: Culture History Language - Uighur Glossary A-J - Uyghur Glossary K-Z (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Name given to the more than 6000 farming families from Q"shg"riy" (Kashgaria) moved as Government serfs to the Ili valley of Junggaria by the Qing government after the 1760 conquest of Eastern Turkestan.
		The word contrasts with the word Xiyu ('region to the west') used in Chinese to designate regions west of Gansu before that date.
		Led in Southern Eastern Turkestan a rebellion leading to the creation in 1863 of a kingdom of Kashgaria around the seven cities of Q"shq"r (Kashgar), YeÒishar (*Yangihisar, ch: Yingjisha), Y"k"n (Yarkend), Hot"n (ch: Hetian), Aqsu, Ðchturpan (ch: Wushi) and Kucha (hence the name Y"ttish"h"r--seven cities).
	www.uygurworld.com /_sgt/m9m1_1.htm (1558 words)

	Yakub Beg - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Yakub Beg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		If you find this encyclopedia or its sister projects useful,
		Yakub Beg was born in Pskente, Kokand (in today's Uzbekistan).
		He was not particularly admired by his subjects, burdening them with heavy taxes and subjecting them to tyranical rule.
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Yakub-Beg.html (240 words)

	China By Demetrius Charles Boulger (1893)- Chapter 12 from Nalanda Digital Library at NIT Calicut (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Kanghi's efforts in this direction, which may have been dictated by apprehension at the movements of his new neighbors, the Russians, were thus crowned with success, and the adhesion of the Khalkas signified that the great majority of the Mongols would thenceforth abstain from acts of unprovoked aggression on the Chinese frontier.
		Beyond the Khalkas were the Eleuths, supreme in Ili and Kashgaria, and divided into four hordes, who obeyed as many chiefs.
		They had had some relations with the Khalkas, but of China they knew nothing more than the greatness of her name.
	www.nalanda.nitc.ac.in /resources/english/etext-project/history/china1/chapter12.html (4493 words)

	Status of Northern Areas :: Khyber.ORG
		Before this imperial game started, the British were not interested even in Kashmir and hence they sold Kashmir to Raja Ghulab Singh in 1844 after the first Anglo-Sikh war.
		The Russian advance into Central Asia led the British to interfere into the affairs of Afghanistan and Kashgaria and when the Russians established province of Turkistan with Tashkent as its capital in 1866, the British started taking interest in the kingdom of the North.
		When the Russians finished with the Kokand state in Central Asia in 1876 and incorporated Farghana within their empire, the Central Asian game became intense: the Russians on the northern side of the Pamir and the British on the south.
	www.khyber.org /articles/2003/StatusofNorthernAreas.shtml (1486 words)

	Chinese boys wear -- chronology the Manchus Qing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Central Asian states of Turkestan and Kashgaria were conquered by Ch'ien Lung (1736-96).
		Burma was penetrated and Cochin China (Vienam) and Korea were forced to pay tribute.
		The Central Asian states of Turkestan and Kashgaria were conquered by Ch'ien Lung.
	histclo.hispeed.com /country/other/china/chron/cc-man.html (2565 words)

	Sinkiang Soviet army Aptekar Kiyan Turkestan 1934 intervention Sheng Shi-ts'ai China Urumchi uniforms
		Malikov: “…we need to make the advance to liberate Kashgaria appear to be not by Russian units, but by Sarts (Uzbeks – P.A.) and Chinese.”
		Possibly, the division is preparing to seize Kashgaria.
		Agriculture that had been destroyed by war is being reestablished; there is a marked increase in trade.
	home.comcast.net /~markconrad/Sinkiang.htm (7480 words)

	Chapter 7: China and the Manchus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Five years after his accession, his troubles began in real earnest.
		There was a rising of the people in Kashgaria, due to criminal injustice practised over a long spell of time on the part of the Chinese authorities.
		The rebels found a leader in the person of Jehangir, who claimed descent from one of the old native chiefs, formerly recognized by the Manchu Emperors, but now abolished as such.
	www.romanization.com /books/giles/manchus/chap07.html (1636 words)

	ANCIENT SILK ROAD TRAVELLERS
		He sent out emissaries to the area west and beyond the Tarim basin, including the area of modern-day Iran and the Persian Gulf.
		First Chinese envoy to Ta-Ts'in (the Roman Orient) sent by general Ban Chao from Kashgaria in 97 AD.
		Journeyed through the Pamir mountains, Parthia, and reached as far as the the coast of the Persian Gulf.
	www.silk-road.com /artl/srtravelmain.shtml (4830 words)

	Go West
		Tucked away in the remote southwest corner of China's Xinjiang province, Kashgaria - centered on the legendary Uyghyur city of Kashgar and bordering Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan - is a must see for even the most hardened adventure junkie.
		The journey to Karakul Lake, at an elevation of 3,600m, from Kashgar is literally the high point for many who visit Kashgaria.
		Most hotels in Kashgar offer tours to Karakul, but if you prefer independence, there are other more flexible alternatives.
	www.cityweekend.com.cn /en/beijing/features/2005_11/S1118226459 (711 words)

	Encyclopedia: Xinjiang (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Jump to: navigation, search Chagatai Khan (alternative spellings Chagata, Chugta, Chagta, Djagatai, Jagatai), a son of Genghis Khan (1206â€”1227), controlled the part of the Mongol Empire which extended from the Ili river (eastern Kazakhstan) and Kashgaria (western Tarim Basin) to Transoxiana.
		Jump to: navigation, search 1865 is a common year starting on Sunday.
		Night interview with Yakub Beg, King of Kashgaria, 1868 Yakub Beg (1820 - May 16, 1877) was a Tajik adventurer who became head of the kingdom of Kashgaria.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Xinjiang (8999 words)

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