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	Natural Health and Nutrition - Minerals: Selenium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		This is a disease which affects the heart and it occurs mainly in selenium-deficient soils in a region of China.
		The acute form of the disease is characterized by the sudden onset of cardiac insufficiency, while the chronic form results in moderate to severe heart enlargement with varying degrees of cardiac insufficiency.
		Kashin-Beck disease is characterized by the degeneration of the articular cartilage between joints (osteoarthritis) and is associated with poor selenium status in areas of northern China, North Korea, and eastern Siberia.
	www.vitalhealthzone.com /minerals/selenium.html (920 words)

	The Role of Humic Substances in Drinking Water in Kashin-Beck Disease in China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		We hypothesized that FA in drinking water is an etiological factor of Kashin-Beck disease and that the mechanism of action involves the oxy and hydroxy groups in FA for the generation of free radicals.
		KBD, which may lead to skeletal deformation and dwarfism, is an endemic osteoarthropathy with a high prevalence in several areas of China.
		Rats in the KBD group were fed corn and wheat (1:4) from the KBD area and received water containing 200 ppm FA extracted from soil by the edge of wells (14): non-KBD group rats that were fed a Se-sufficient diet and received water containing FA from a non-KBD region served as the control group.
	www.ehponline.org /members/1999/107p293-296peng/peng-full.html (3190 words)

	Diseases of suspected chemical etiology and their prevention, principles of studies on (EHC 72, 1987)
		This disease is given special attention, because it affects a very large segment of the population in a developing country and because of growing evidence that deficiency of a certain essential nutrient combined with exposure to a specific chemical may be the factor responsible for this peculiar disease and its specific endemicity.
		While several diseases are known to be heritable and therefore to have a genetic etiology, other diseases are known to be caused by specific environmental factors, as in the case of intoxications, infections, or nutritional deficiencies.
		The recognition of such diseases is usually based on observations of health personnel that the frequency of a common disease has increased, that a hitherto unknown constellation of clinical manifestations has been encountered, or that the age- specific incidence of a disease is shifting.
	www.inchem.org /documents/ehc/ehc/ehc72.htm (16061 words)

	Asiaweek.com
		According to Francoise Mathieu, director of the KBD Project for Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF), the disease is common in a crescent running from the Tibetan plateau across China to Siberia.
		KBD is a particularly cruel blow in the farm communities where it is more common.
		According to an earlier report in The Lancet, the presence of KBD in Tibet is related to the presence of certain fungi in barley, the diet staple.
	www.pathfinder.com /asiaweek/98/0605/feat6.html (563 words)

	Medical Toxicology Unit - Providing Services to the Health Service and Industry
		Two diseases (both endemic to parts of China) have been clearly linked to selenium deficiency in man. Keshan Syndrome is a cardiomyopathy prevalent amongst children and women, and Kashin-Beck disease an osteoarthropathy afflicting children.
		That humans may be particularly tolerant of selenium depletion is suggested by the fact that the health of New Zealanders does not appear to be compromised despite having a selenium status that would be regarded as frankly deficient in other countries.
		Similar supplementation as an adjunct to therapy of diseases such as cystic fibrosis may be dangerous in view of the possibility of the illness lowering the threshold of toxicity for selenium.
	www.medtox.org /lab/met_assay.asp?ID=Selenium (1056 words)

	Selenium
		Kashin-Beck disease, also known as "big joint disease," is an osteoarthropathy that is found in areas in China where the soil is selenium-poor.
		In the case of Keshan disease, the co-factor appears to be the Coxsackievirus.
		The Coxsackieviruses are co-factors with selenium deficiencies in this disease.
	www.pdrhealth.com /drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/sel_0232.shtml (3879 words)

	Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University
		Keshan disease is a cardiomyopathy that affects young women and children in a selenium deficient region of China.
		Despite the strong evidence that selenium deficiency is a fundamental factor in the etiology of Keshan's disease, the seasonal and annual variation in its occurrence suggests that an infectious agent is involved in addition to selenium deficiency.
		Coxsackievirus has been isolated from the blood of some sufferers of Keshan disease, suggesting that it may be a cofactor in the development of this cardiomyopathy associated with selenium deficiency in humans (9, 10).
	lpi.oregonstate.edu /infocenter/minerals/selenium/index.html (4129 words)

	Abstract: Chondrocyte Apoptosis and Expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Fas, and iNOS in Articular Cartilage in Patients with ...
		Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is a chronic, endemic osteochondropathy principally occurring in children.
		Samples of articular cartilage were divided into 2 groups: control children (15 samples from 15 cases), and children with KBD (15 samples from 15 cases).
		KBD patients were diagnosed according to "Pathological Criteria to Diagnose KBD in China." Chondrocyte apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining, and Bcl-2, Bax, Fas, and iNOS-positive articular chondrocytes were stained by immunohistochemistry.
	www.jrheum.com /abstracts/abstracts06/615.html (372 words)

	Selenium Compounds \| Technology Transfer Network Air Toxics Web site \| US EPA
		In epidemiological studies of populations exposed to high levels of selenium in food and water, discoloration of the skin, pathological deformation and loss of nails, loss of hair, excessive tooth decay and discoloration, garlic odor in breath and urine, lack of mental alertness, and listlessness were reported.
		"Alkali disease" is a disease in livestock resulting from chronic consumption of high levels of selenium; it is characterized by hair loss, deformation and sloughing of the hooves, erosion of the joints of the bones, anemia, and effects on the heart, kidney, and liver.
		Kashin-Beck disease, which occurs primarily in children between the ages of 5 and 13 years, is characterized by atrophy, degeneration, and necrosis of cartilage tissue.
	www.epa.gov /ttnatw01/hlthef/selenium.html (1960 words)

	Tibet Environmental Watch - Development
		Throughout Tibet, where much of the population lives in villages largely disconnected from the modern world, Big Bone disease is a severe problem, infecting roughly 9 percent of the population.
		In the most severe cases, the disease can cause the long bones in the arms and legs to stop growing during childhood, as was the case with Gyampa.
		They did leave gifts: a new grain thresher to help dry the wheat and barley and, in the process, reduce risks of contamination; fungicide to treat the fields; and a final shipment of the iodine and selenium that had been used to offset mineral deficiencies in the children.
	www.tew.org /development/illness.html (1098 words)

	John Libbey Eurotext
		Summary : Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is an endemic osteochondropathy that primarily affects children in Asia.
		Three major environmental causes of this disease have been proposed: (1) severe cereal contamination by mycotoxin-producing fungi; (2) selenium deficiency, and (3) high organic matter concentrations in drinking water.
		KBD villages always seem to be located in semiarid steppe valleys near humid vegetation zones with dark-red earth and water.
	www.john-libbey-eurotext.fr /en/print/e-docs/00/00/EA/E5/resume.md (434 words)

	http://www.med.uio.no/learning-content/ernaering/minerals-traceelementsARC/mineralsARC16.xml (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Keshan disease is a cardiomyopathy affecting mostly young and middle-aged women.
		The disease was shown by Chinese scientists in 1979 to be prevented by selenium supplementation.
		The second disorder associated with selenium deficiency is Kashin-Beck disease, named after two investigators who studied affected patients in Siberia in the 19th century.
	www.med.uio.no /learning-content/ernaering/minerals-traceelementsARC/mineralsARC16.xml (182 words)

	JOINT DISEASE
		Kashin-Beck disease is an ancient, endemic, deforming disease of bones and joints seen in Siberia, Mongolia, Tibet, and the remote areas of Mainland China.
		When present, the patient is said to be "seropositive"; otherwise, "seronegative." Its presence means the disease is more likely to be familial, there is more likely to be vasculitis, there are more likely to be rheumatoid nodules, and there is more likely to be eye involvement.
		The onset is sudden and spectacular, but it is a disease of exacerbations and remissions, and it often takes a long time for physicians to consider it.
	www.pathguy.com /lectures/joints.htm (6186 words)

	Kashin-Beck disease definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Kashin-Beck disease: A disorder of the bones and joints of the hands and fingers, elbows, knees, and ankles of children and adolescents who slowly develop stiff deformed joints, shortened limb length and short stature due to necrosis (death) of the growth plates of bones and of joint cartilage.
		The disorder is endemic in some areas of eastern Siberia, Korea, China and Tibet and is probably of environmental origin, as evidenced by the fact that it occurs in children who move into the endemic areas and children with it who move away get better.
		It is clearly a factor in the disease.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=24498 (172 words)

	SparkNotes: Minor Minerals: Selenium
		A deficiency in dietary selenium has been associated with a disorder called Keshan disease, which is characterized by cardiomyopathy.
		Intervention studies in China have showed that selenium supplementation reduced the incidence of the disease, although it did not reverse the cardiac damage that had already occurred.
		Selenium deficiency has been shown to be associated with another disease in China called Kashin-Beck disease.
	www.sparknotes.com /health/minerals/minor/section4.rhtml (305 words)

	[No title]
		Low selenium status is associated with the occurrence of the pregnancy disease preeclampsia in women from the United Kingdom.
		Further investigation on the role of selenium deficiency in the aetiology and pathogenesis of Keshan disease.
		Studies on human dietary requirements and safe range of dietary intakes of selenium in China and their application in the prevention of related endemic diseases.
	www.truehealth.org /selenium.txt (2611 words)

	Iodine, selenium, and joints: Kashin-Beck disease -- ARCHIVIST 80 (3): 261 -- Archives of Disease in Childhood
		Iodine, selenium, and joints: Kashin-Beck disease -- ARCHIVIST 80 (3): 261 -- Archives of Disease in Childhood
		In parts of China, Siberia, North Korea, and Tibet children and adolescents are prone to a strange joint disease called Kashin-Beck
		They studied 575 5-15 year old children in 12 villages; only one village did not have endemic Kashin-Beck disease.
	adc.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/80/3/261 (268 words)

	USANA Health Sciences - Selenium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Selenium deficiency has been linked to Kashin-Beck's disease (a disease involving the joints) and Keshan disease (see below).
		In the 1970's selenium deficiency was associated with a form of heart disease termed Keshan disease.
		It is now known that Keshan disease is caused by a virus, but selenium deficiency appears to predispose people to the virus and adequate selenium resists it.
	www.usana.com /en/company/science/components/USNUSUPPINGREDIE_19582.shtml (518 words)

	Liquid Selenium
		IMPORTANCE: A major antioxidant nutrient, protects cell membranes and prevents free radical generation thereby decreasing the risk of cancer and disease of the heart and blood vessels.
		Characteristic signs of selenium deficiency have not been described in humans, but very low selenium status is a factor in the etiologies of a juvenile cardiomyopathy (Keshan Disease) and a chondrodystrophy (Kashin-Beck Disease) that occur in selenium-deficient regions of China.
		These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
	www.tjclarkminerals.com /Products/liquid_selenium.htm (729 words)

	Back pain, neck pain and other pain information from HealthCentersOnline - PainCenterOnline
		The information provided on this site is intended for your general knowledge only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice or treatment for specific medical conditions.
		You should not use this information to diagnose or treat a health problem or disease without consulting with a qualified healthcare provider.
		Please consult your healthcare provider with any questions or concerns you may have regarding your condition.
	pain.healthcentersonline.com /encyclopedia/k.cfm (199 words)

	NEJM -- Kashin-Beck Osteoarthropathy in Rural Tibet in Relation to Selenium and Iodine Status
		Kashin–Beck disease in 575 subjects 5 to 15 years of age
		disease, 267 (46 percent) had goiter, and 7 (1 percent) had
		Utiger, R. Kashin-Beck Disease -- Expanding the Spectrum of Iodine-Deficiency Disorders.
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/short/339/16/1112 (628 words)

	Iodine - Selenium - Cretinism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Severe deficiency of both iodine and selenium occurs in a region extending from northeastern China and adjacent regions of Siberia and Korea to southwestern China, including Tibet … Three disorders have been associated with it: Keshan disease, Kashin-Beck disease, and (when it occurs in combination with iodine deficiency) hypothyroid cretinism.
		It is characterized by multifocal myocardial necrosis and fibrosis and leads to cardiogenic shock and congestive heart failure.
		The name derives from Keshan County in northeastern China … The second disorder associated with selenium deficiency is Kashin-Beck disease, named for two investigators who studied affected patients in Siberia in the 19th century.
	ibis-birthdefects.org /start/iodine.htm (947 words)

	Selenium
		Selenium deficiency caused by fluorides is well acknowledged in China.
		As a result of this well-known fact, entire villages formerly suffering from Kashin-Beck disease as a result of fluoride contamination (and a disease established to involve selenium deficiency) have been relocated under extensive government programs such as Project 2000.
		Likewise, selenium supplementation has shown to greatly reduce the effects of “fluorosis”.
	www.bruha.com /pfpc/html/selenium.html (448 words)

	EWB USU (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Due to an environmental stresses, including a lack of iodine in their diets, the people of this village contract Kashin-Beck disease, also known as Big-Bone disease.
		Kashin-Beck disease is a disorder of the bones and joints of the hands, fingers, elbows, knees, and ankles of children and adolescents who slowly develop stiff deformed joints, shortened limb length and short stature due to death of the growth plates of bones and of joint cartilage.
		The people who have the disease are very disabled.
	www.engineering.usu.edu /clubs/ewb/tibet/project.html (205 words)

	METALS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
		Adequate Se intake may have an anti-cancer effect but the precise mechanism is uncertain: it may be due to its contribution to antioxidant function or to immune system function, it may involve the inhibition of protein synthesis or specific enzymes within cancer cells, or it may stimulate apoptosis resulting in delayed tumour growth.
		Cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and arthritis have been extensively shown to be associated with Se deficiency in a well controlled intervention trial.
		The concensus is that balanced nutrient levels with a broad range of nutrient intake is the most beneficial.
	www.portfolio.mvm.ed.ac.uk /studentwebs/session2/group29/selenut.htm (623 words)

	Diseases: - K - from kaposi’s sarcoma to kyphosis of the spine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Diseases: - K - from kaposi’s sarcoma to kyphosis of the spine
		Medical diseases that start with the letter K
		Your use of this site is subject to certain terms and conditions.
	www.mysymptoms.net /ref_k.php (174 words)

	kashin-beck disease: disease information - signs & symptoms
		Kashin-Beck disease is a disorder that affects the joints.
		The cause of Kashin-Beck disease is a combination of insufficient selenium and iodine.
		These two compounds are important for the preservation of normal cartilage in the growth place.
	www.myelectronicmd.com /get_reference.php?Id=1184 (202 words)

	THDL Medicine Collections
		Kashin-Beck disease and drinking water in Central Tibet.
		Malaisse F, Haubruge E, Mathieu F, Begaux F. Ethno-agricultural approach to the rural environment in the prevention of Kashin-Beck disease.
		Mathieu F, Suetens C, Begaux F, De Maertelaer V, Hinsenkamp M. Effects of physical therapy on patients with Kashin-Beck disease in Tibet.
	www.thdl.org /collections/medicine/biblio_medicine.html (1475 words)

	Hôpital Erasme - Bibliographie - Orthopédie
		Mathieu F., Suetens C., Begaux F., De Martelaer V., Hinsenkamp M. Effects of physical therapy for patients suffering from Kashin-Beck disease in Tibet.
		Cleft Palate Craniofac J. Liu FD, Wang ZL, Hinsenkamp M. Osteotomy at the knee for advanced cases of Kashin-Beck disease.
		Mathieu F., Begaux F., Lan Z., Suetens C., Hinsenkamp M. Clinical characteristics of Kashin Beck disease in Nyemo valley, Tibet.
	www.ulb.ac.be /erasme/biblio/orthopedy.htm (1581 words)

	Professor Hinsenkamp and his team - Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology
		Liu, F., Wang, Z., Hinsenkamp, M. Knee osteotomy in 195 advanced cases of Kashin-Beck disease.
		Rippens, F., Begaux, F., Mathieu, F., De Maertelaer, V., Lepeire, M., Rooze, M., Haubruge, E., Chasseur, C., Stallenberg, B. Anatomic distribution of radiographic abnormalities in Kashin-Beck disease.
		The Anatomical Distribution of Radiological Abnormalities in Kashin-Beck Disease in Tibet.
	www.bbemg.ulg.ac.be /UK/1PresBBEMG/prhinsenkamp3.html (627 words)

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