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	Kashmiri literature Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Kashmiri literature (Kashmiri: कॉशुर साहित्‍य) has a history of at least 2,500 years, going back to its glory days of Sanskrit.
		Contemporary Kashmiri literature appears in Sheeraza published by the Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages, Anhar published by the Kashmirri Department of the Kashmir University, and an independent magazine Neab International Kashmiri Magazine -- http://www.neabinternational.org published from Boston,Vaakh an independent publication and Koshur Samachar.
		Kashmiriyat - a socio-cultural ethos of religious harmony and Kashmiri consciousness.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /topic/Kashmiri_literature.html (480 words)

	Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary - Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Literature is literally "an acquaintance with letters" as in the first sense given in the Oxford English Dictionary (from the Latin littera meaning "an individual written character (letter)").
		Critics may exclude works from the classification "literature", for example, on the grounds of a poor standard of grammar and syntax, of an unbelievable or disjointed story-line, or of inconsistent or unconvincing characters.
		Some recent philosophy works are argued to merit the title "literature", such as some of the works by Simon Blackburn; but much of it does not, and some areas, such as logic, have become extremely technical to a degree similar as that of mathematics.
	www.fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/Literature (2472 words)

	Kashmiri - LoveToKnow 1911
		KASHMIRI (properly Kasmiri), the name of the vernacular language spoken in the valley of Kashmir (properly Kahmir) and in the hills adjoining.
		In this way a study of Kashmiri explains a number of difficulties found by the student of Indo-Aryan vernaculars.' In the following account the reader is presumed to be in possession of the facts recorded in the articles Indo-Aryan Languages and Prakrit, and the following contractions will be employed: Ksh.= Kashmiri; Skr.
		As the literary class is mostly Hindu, it follows that Kashmiri literature, taken as a whole, while affording most interesting and profitable study, hardly represents the actual language spoken by the mass of the people.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Kashmiri (4452 words)

	OHCHR: Kashmiri () - Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Kashmiri is spoken by over 4 million people and is the principal language of the state of Kashmir, long disputed between India and Pakistan.
		Kashmiri is written in both the Devanagari (Hindi) and the Arabic script, each with additional diacritical marks for special sounds in the language.
		Literature can be traced to the 1400's, and poetry is also important, yet it is not used in primary education.
	www.unhchr.ch /udhr/lang/ksh.htm (144 words)

	INDIAN MIRROR - ARTS - Literature
		Sanskrit literature is at least 3000 years old and its role in maintaining the unity and culture of India can be seen from the various periods of literature including the Vedas and the classicals.
		The history of Hindi literature begins around 1000 A.D. The main trendsetters in the early period till the 14th century were the Siddhas, the Jain poets, the Antha Panthis and the Heroic poets.
		Kashmiri literature may be divided into two phases: the ancient and the modern.
	www.indianmirror.com /arts/arts7.html (2773 words)

	Braj B. Kachru: An Introduction to Spoken Kashmiri
		Kashmiri, in spite of a Dardic substratum in it people and its speech, became a part of the Sanskritic culture-world of India.
		On the basis of this grouping, it is believed that the Kashmiri spoken in the mara:z area is highly Sanskritized and the variety spoken in the kamra:z area has had a deep Dardic influence.
		Though Kashmiri is the medium of instruction in the primary schools, the teachers have inadequate teaching materials and no motivation for teaching their own language.
	www.koshur.org /SpokenKashmiri/Introduction/index.html (3303 words)

	Kashmiri literature - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kashmiri literature (Kashmiri: कॉशुर साहित्‍य) has a history of at least 2,500 years, going back to its glory days of Sanskrit.
		The use of the Kashmiri language began with the poet Lalleshvari or Lal Ded (14th century), who wrote mystical verses.
		Contemporary Kashmiri literature appears in Sheeraza published by the Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages, Anhar published by the Kashmirri Department of the Kashmir University, and an independent magazine Neab International Kashmiri Magazine -- http://www.neabinternational.org published from Boston,Vaakh an independent publication and Koshur Samachar.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kashmiri_literature (323 words)

	Vitasta Annual Number: A Kashmir Sabha, Kolkata Publication
		Kashmiri's interest in a reclamation of identity through the preservation of their language is a proactive effort whose evolution and results will be insightful to watch.
		The antecedents of the linguistic heritage of the Kashmiris Hindus, Muslims, and a handful of Sikhs continues to be as hotly debated as are aspects of Kashmiri culture, the constructs of the identities of the natives of Kashmir and the future of their land.
		In some Kashmiri homes, in the plains of India and Pakistan, the language is already in a comatose state; in a majority of diasporic families one can see gradual and visible decay and death of the Kashmiri language as shown in Bhatt's insightful study of Kashmiris in Delhi (1989).
	www.vitasta.org /2001/1.4.html (4226 words)

	Islamic Terrorism and Genocide of Kashmiri Pandits
		Ethnic cleansing of Kashmiri Pandits (Hindus) from Kashmir valley is the crucial failure of Indian state to uphold its commitments to people of India as enshrined in Indian constitution which provides right to live with dignity and honour to every citizen irrespective of caste, creed, religion or colour.
		Kashmiri Pandits are progenitors of Kashmir Shaivism the philosophy of oneness of mankind.
		Kashmiri Pandits have contributed immensely to the evolution of human thought by contributing to almost all fields of creative human endeavour like literature (mainly Sanskrit), language, science and philosophy from times immemorial.
	www.kashmiri-pandit.org /sundry/genocide.html (1152 words)

	Kashmiri Language, History Of Kashmiri Language, Kashmiri Literature, Kashmiri Poetry Prose.
		Persian literature became quite an influence on Kashmiri in the late 18th century.
		And Kashmiri littérateurs like Mahmud Gani and Waliullah Motoo (both mid-19th century) took to translations from Persian and writing masnavis (couplets expressing one emotion) and ghazals (romantic poetry set to music) in a big way.
		The Kashmiris are a singing people; songs and ghazals have always been a part of their literary culture.
	languages.iloveindia.com /kashmiri.html (542 words)

	Muslim Ethos in Indian Literature
		The development of Urdu language and literature in the north began rather late but the imprint of Indian Muslims on it is so unmistakable that it has been wrongly identified with them though a galaxy of non-Muslim Urdu writers adorn the pages of literary history.
		Urdu literature particularly the ghazal, gave tyrical expression to the agony and ecstasy of the national scene throughout the ages.
		Further North, Kashmiri literature also boasts of its Indian Muslim authors, the greatest of them being, perhaps, Habba Khatoon, a plain peasant girl wedded to a ruling monarch and sharing his destiny in glory and Suffering.
	www.islamawareness.net /Asia/India/indian_literature.html (3449 words)

	Muse India - Current Issue- G.R.Malik: Kashmiri Literature
		By Kashmiri literature here I mean the literature written in the Kashmiri language, otherwise the literature of Kashmir consists of a very rich and proud tradition of Sanskrit, Persian and, in a lesser degree, Arabic literature.
		The modern era in Kashmiri poetry begins with Mahjoor and Abdul Ahad Azad both of whom were well-versed with Kashmiri poetic tradition even as they were adequately exposed to the new developments in thought and literature.
		Kashmiri literature is not as rich and potent in other genres as in poetry.
	www.museindia.com /showcon.asp?id=188 (2846 words)

	Project ZAAN: Information Digest - Vol. 1
		But the very fact that the script was used freely by eminent western linguists like Grierson and Temple in their profound works and treatises on Kashmiri language and literature is ample proof of its having been standardised over the decades in the 19th century.
		She is regarded as the founder of modern Kashmiri language as well as literature.
		There is hardly any Kashmiri house where her ‘Vaakhs’ do not reverberate and fill the air with the celestial aroma, even today.
	www.zaan.net /vol1/9.html (1948 words)

	kashmiri language, kashmiri literature, kashmiri poetry, kashmiri writers, kashmiri fiction, kashmiri magazine, ...
		In the Academy, Kamil held the position of Editor Kashmiri Publications and retired in 1980.
		Dina Nath Nadim (1916-88) --- With Dina Nath Nadim's poetry, a new phase was introduced in Kashmiri literature.
		He was the first Kashmiri poet to write in ‘blank verse.’ He used the Kashmiri language with great grace and craftsmanship.
	www.neabinternational.org /authors_1 (707 words)

	The Hindu : Literary Review / Interview : Such a long journey
		As far as he is concerned, the award is simply a recognition of the beauty of his mother tongue, which he has nurtured and promoted throughout his chequered career which started way back in 1942.
		Author of over a dozen books, a fellow of Sahitya Akademi, a winner of the Sahitya Akademi Award, founder of the Kashmiri department at Kashmir University and winner of numerous other awards are just some of the signposts in a glorious career as a poet, writer and philosopher.
		Rahi is no doubt a beacon in Kashmiri literature and it is not certain when Kashmiri literature will scale such heights again.
	www.hindu.com /lr/2007/05/06/stories/2007050600170300.htm (982 words)

	People and Places - Pt. Dina Nath Nadim
		The Renaissance of Kashmiri literature as of several other Indian literatures, is closely linked with post-independence literary activities.
		Her repertoire of Kashmiri poems was large since she originally came from a village Muran where the oral tradition of poetry was part of the culture.
		A handful of Kashmiri writers were expressing political sentiments ornately embroidered with gul-o-bulbul imagery, but Nadim did not become fully part of the movement until 1946.
	www.kashmirherald.com /peopleandplaces/people/dinanathnadim.html (2170 words)

	Kashmir Affairs - Security & Conflict Analysis of Kashmir
		One could argue that every such move is ‘suspicious’ in the eyes of the Kashmiri public simply because the rhetoric of peace which is so pervasive and at times persuasive for some, has in fact yielded nothing for the Kashmiri people.
		This shows that Kashmiri Pandits developed and evolved their own set of traditions that are quite different from the rest of the Brahmanical order of India.
		Kashmiri literature, as we have now come to believe, begins with the work of three poets - Shiti Kanth, Lal Ded and Shaikh Nur-ud-Din (Nund Ryosh).
	www.kashmiraffairs.org (1430 words)

	KASHMIRI (properly Kdi... - Online Information article about KASHMIRI (properly Kdi...
		Kashmiri is the only one which possesses a literature, or indeed an See also:
		Kashmiri vowel sounds can be recorded very successfully in this character, but there is, unf or-tunately, no fixed system of spelling.
		Mahmud Gaml's poem is valuable as an example of the Kashmiri used by Mussulmans.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /JUN_KHA/KASHMIRI_properly_Kdimiri_.html (5396 words)

	Kerala Literature, Malayalam Literature, Learn Malayalam Free, Free Malayalam Learning, Malayalam Literature, ...
		Until the end of the eighteenth century, Malayalam Literature was closely allied with Kathakali, a complex operatic dance form dependent on the literary quality of the text.
		The great renaissance that started in Malayalam literature towards the end of the 19th century found its most effective spokesmen in two great novelists and three poets.
		But it would be wrong to say that he does not concern himself with social reality: he does speculate on the role of leadership in society, on the fortunes of families through generations and on the conflict between character and destiny.
	kerals.com /malayalam/literature.htm (1171 words)

	Kashmiri
		The Kashmiris are the Hindu and Muslim inhabitants of India's most northerly state, Jammu and Kashmir, and of that fragment of land that is controlled by Pakistan and called Azad Kashmir (Gilgit, Baltistan, and four other districts, all thinly populated).
		This seemingly intractable situation arose from the fact that the majority of the Kashmiri population (77.1 percent in 1941) was Muslim, while the former maharaja of Kashmir and 20.1 percent (in 1941) of the population were Hindus.
		The term "Kashmiri" is applied particularly to those who inhabit the Vale of Kashmir, which is the most populous area, and includes over two dozen Muslim and Hindu castes.
	www.everyculture.com /South-Asia/Kashmiri.html (416 words)

	Urdu literature - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Urdu literature has a long and colorful history that is inextricably tied to the development of that very language, Urdu, in which it is written.
		While it tends to be heavily dominated by poetry, the range of expression achieved in the voluminous library of a few major verse forms, especially the ghazal and nazm, has led to its continued development and expansion into other styles of writing, including that of the short story, or afsana.
		Urdu literature may be said to find its provenance some time around the 14th century in Mughal India amongst the sophisticated gentry of Persian courts.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Urdu_literature (460 words)

	Great kashmiris, Sir Mohammad Iqbal,Gani Kashmiri,Shah-e-Hamdan,Shaikh Nooruddin Wali,Habba Khatoon,Maulana Anwar Shah ...
		Iqbal always boasted of being a Kashmiri and used to introduce himself in these words: 'The seeds of this flower are from the flower-gardens of Kashmir".
		Shaikh Nooruddin Wali, Shah-e - Hamdan, Habba Khatoon, Rasul Mir, Wahab Khar, Mehjoor, Abdul Ahad Azad, Agha Hashar Kashmiri and
		Gani Kashmiri wrote Persian poetry because during his times Persian was the official language and Persian literature was at its zenith.
	www.kashmironline.net /kashmiris.asp (2376 words)

	Dev Kumar Vasudevan, Dev Kumar Vasudevan blogs on sulekha, Dev Kumar Vasudevan blog from india
		Lalleshwari- the Kashmiri yogini, poetess and Shiva worshipper
		The militancy is seen as an attempt by the fundamentalists to wean the Kashmiri Muslims away from their heritage of Rishi Islam that includes elements of Shaivism.
		The notion of recognition of one's true self was exalted to the central role in the popular religion including Kashmiri popular Islam that views her vakyas and the sayings of her disciple Sheikh Nur-ud-din (1377-1438), Nanda Rishi, as sources of spiritual wisdom.
	dkvblog.sulekha.com /blog/post/2007/02/lalleshwari-the-kashmiri-yogini-poetess-and-shiva/comment/577584.htm (517 words)

	kashmirlive.com :: Divided Valley unites to fete Rahi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Kashmiri poet Rehman Rahi winning the Jnanpith award has brought the people of the valley together in celebration.
		For Rahi, however, it is the language which is the fountainhead of Kashmiririyat, the syncretic Kashmiri tradition, and is therefore happy that the award has come as a recognition for the language at the national level.
		He is also the founder member of the Kashmiri Progressive Writers Movement called Cultural Congress which was set up in 1947 and lasted till the early sixties.
	www.kashmirlive.com /printer/story-25332.html (453 words)

	Pushp & Warikoo: Jammu, Kashmir & Ladakh - Linguistic Predicament
		One of the reasons of rapid progress of Urdu after Persian, was that the Kashmiri language spoken by the majority suffered due to negligence and non-acceptance by the rulers for about 500 years and Kashmiri language could not emerge out of its dialectal shell.
		The main role of the Urdu language and literature is its speedy effect on every genre of Kashmir poetry so much so that communist and progressive movements which began in late third and early fourth decades of this century, influenced Kashmiri and other native dialects of the State equally.
		The genres of literature that Urdu received from Persian language have affected other regional languages of the State and the fiction, dramas, novels etc.
	www.koshur.org /Linguistic/9.html (2403 words)

	Session 205 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Shahid Ali, the foremost Kashmiri poet today, will consider the contemporary relevance of Medieval Muslim and Hindu poet-saints, such as Lallesvari and Nuruddin, writers whose religious attitudes and expressions were profoundly opposed to the communalistic antagonism that has had such tragic consequences recently.
		Our hope is that this panel will suggest some of the wealth of Kashmiri tradition, its intrinsic value as an object of literary and philosophical study, but also its significance for current issues—from concerns about the cultural preservation to the more immediately human and consequential dilemma of communalism.
		Today, a Kashmiri poet cannot help but be concerned with the condition of his native land, and cannot help but respond to this in his or her poetry.
	www.aasianst.org /absts/1999abst/sasia/s-205.htm (1140 words)

	Indian Institute of Language Studies (IILS)
		Kashmiri aur Hindi raamakathaa kaavya kaa tulnaatmak dhyayan (A comparative study of Kashmiri and Hindi Ramakatha kavya).
		Kashmiri saahit daa itihaas (A history of Kashmiri literature) in Punjabi (co-author with Narinder Dulai).
		Kashmiri aur Hindi bhaashaao: kaa tulnaatmak adhyayan (Acomparative study of Kashmiri and Hindi languages).
	iils.org /publications.html (2021 words)

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