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Topic: Kashubian language

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Lekhitic languages

Kashub language

Slavonic languages

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	Kashubian in Poland
		Regional or minority languages are languages which differ from the official language of the state where they are spoken and which are traditionally used within a given territory by nationals of that state forming a group numerically smaller than the rest of the state's population.
		Kashubian (or "Cassubian", in Kashubian: kaszëbizna) is a West Slavic language spoken in northern Poland in the province of Pomerania (województwo pomorskie), mainly in the counties (powiaty) of Gdañsk/Gduñsk, Gdynia/ Gdiniô, Wejherowo/Wejrowò, Puck/Pùck, Lêbork/Lãbòrg, Bytów/Bëtowò, Kartuzy/Kartùze, Koœcierzyna/Kòscérzna and Chojnice/Chòjnice.
		In 2002/2003, courses on Kashubian language and culture were organized in 3 centres (Gdañsk, Kartuzy and W adys awowo) and attended by 46 participants.
	www1.fa.knaw.nl /mercator/regionale_dossiers/kashubian_in_poland.htm (5897 words)

	Minority languages in education in Poland —
		Kashubian used to be spoken in Germany as well, but in that country the language died out over time.
		Kashubian is often considered merely a dialectic variation of Polish, and until 1989 this also was the general view inlanguage politics.
		The data on Kashubian in education is based on the regional dossier The Kashubian language in education in Poland (2004), written by Tomasz Wicherkiewicz and published by Mercator-Education.
	www.mercator-education.org /minority-languages/eu-minorities/minority-languages-in-education-in-poland/view?set_language=fy (1630 words)

	Polish language - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Polish is the main representative of the Lechitic branch of the Western Slavic languages.
		The Polish language is the most widely-spoken of the Slavic language subgroup of Lechitic languages which include Kashubian (the only surviving dialect of Pomeranian language) and the extinct Polabian language.
		Mazovian shares some features with the Kashubian language, whose remaining speakers (estimates vary from 100,000 to over 200,000) live in and around the city of Gdańsk near the Baltic Sea, predominantly to the west of the city.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/p/o/l/Polish_language.html (2484 words)

	EUROPA - Education and Training - Regional and minority languages - Euromosaïc study
		Kashubian [kaszëbsczi (jãzek) / kaszëbizna] is a West Slavonic language spoken in northern Poland in the Pomorskie Voivodship.
		Kashubians are a Slavonic tribe descended from the Pomeranians (=‘people living by the sea’) who once settled in the whole territory of Pomerania and who now live in the area between Oder and Vistula.
		The European dimension is evident in the establishment of immersion language programmes in Wales or Lusatia, or in the organisation of European conferences on minority issues: 39th Congress of the Federal Union of European Minorities in Gdańsk (1994) and the 6th International Conference on Minority Languages in Gdańsk (1996).
	ec.europa.eu /education/policies/lang/languages/langmin/euromosaic/pol3_en.html (1907 words)

	Kashubian (Cashubian, Cassubian) language, alphabet and pronunciation
		Kashubian is a member of the West Slavic group of Slavic languages with about 200,000 speakers and used as an everyday language by about 53,000 people.
		Most Kashubian speakers live in north central Poland in the region of Pomerania on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea between the Vistula and Oder rivers.
		Kashubian began to emerge as a distinct language during the 14th century.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/kashubian.htm (302 words)

	NOVES SL. SPRING-SUMMER 2004. LANGUAGE MINORITIES IN POLAND AT THE MOMENT (1)
		The languages which are used by the citizens of the Republic of Poland have a varying socio-linguistic status.
		In this group languages without the status of official state languages -not genetically related to the language of majority and used by indigenous groups inhabiting their ethnic territory on the territory of another state- are also included.
		It should also be noted that the Hebrew language taught at Jewish school in Poland is recognized as the official language in the state of Israel and therefore it should be considered in the presented classification as a minority language.
	www6.gencat.net /llengcat/noves/hm04primavera-estiu/moskal1_4.htm (810 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Kashubians are the direct descendants of an early Slavic tribe of Pomeranians, who took their name from the fact that they settled down in Pomerania (from Polish Pomorze, "the land along the sea").
		Scientific interest in the Kashubian language was sparked by Mrongovius (publications in 1823, 1828) and the Russian linguist Hilferding (1859, 1862), later followed by Biskupski (1883, 1891), Bronisch (1896, 1898), Mikkola (1897), Nitsch (1903).
		Kashubian presently enjoys legal protection in Poland as a minority language, and appears on some streets signs and is also taught at schools.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Kaszuby (939 words)

	Foundation For Endangered Languages Issue 26.
		Natural languages are context-bound and deixis ‘concerns the ways in which languages encode or grammaticalise features of the context of utterance or speech event, and thus also concerns ways in which the interpretation of utterances depends on the analysis of that context of utterance’ (Stephen Levinson).
		Innamincka Words is one of a pair of companion volumes on Yandruwandha, a dialect of the language formerly spoken on the Cooper and Strzelecki Creeks and the country to the north of the Cooper, in the northeast corner of South Australia and a neighbouring strip of Queensland.
		This is one of a pair of companion volumes on Yandruwandha, a dialect of the language formerly spoken on the Cooper and Strzelecki Creeks and the country to the north of the Cooper, in the northeast corner of South Australia and a neighbouring strip of Queensland.
	www.ogmios.org /2610.htm (1491 words)

	Printable Version
		The Kashubian language predates Polish by at least 500 years and is virtually unintelligible to Polish speakers.
		"Kashubian language is the best language," Dziekanowski declared, insisting it was far more colorful, musical and poetic than the Polish tongue that surrounds it and threatens to make it archaic, then extinct.
		The language they spoke generally was "very bad Polish, but very good Kashubian," but nonetheless often stood in the way of their gaining acceptance among immigrant communities from other parts of Poland.
	www.winonadailynews.com /articles/2003/11/16/news/00lead.prt (990 words)

	Muzeum Kaszubskie
		The native language is the most distinctive emblem of the ethnic separateness and identity of the Kashubians, who learned it with the aid of a characteristic alphabet, a sung declamation and drawings (e.g.
		The language and religion, together with other customs and traditions of their ancestors, were transported by the Kashubians to Canada, where there still live descendants of numerous Kashubian migrants from the first half of the nineteenth century.
		Kashubian ceramics is characterised by the unique motifs of the Kashubian star, fish-scales, tulips, lilies, wreaths, lilac branches, all complemented by wavy lines and dots.
	www.muzeum-kaszubskie.gda.pl /eng.html (1610 words)

	Kashubian language
		Kashubian, Cassubian (one of the Pomeranian dialects) is one of the Lekhitic languages, which is a group of Slavonic languages.
		It is assumed that in year 1000 it was spoken by the some tribes of Pomeranians called Kashubians in the region of Pomerania on the south coast of the Baltic Sea between the Vistula and Odra rivers.
		In 2000 it has some 200,000 speakers mainly in Eastern Pomerania in north Poland.
	www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/k/ka/kashubian_language.html (103 words)

	Macedonia FAQ: The Macedonian Language In the Development Of the Slavic Literary Languages
		The modern Russian literary language was created, first among all the modern Slavic languages in the eastern sphere, in such a way that it represents, generally speaking, a synthesis between Church Slavonic and the popular language of the higher levels of Russian society in the 18th century.
		The national languages gradually began to be affirmed in literary activity, mainly from the 14th century on, at first functioning only as a lower stylistic level in contrast to Latin, which retained its place as the language of high culture.
		The Polish literary language, whose origins date to the 13th or 14th century at the earliest, is unique among the Slavic literary languages in that it has developed without interruption from its beginnings until the present.
	faq.macedonia.org /language/development.html (7719 words)

	Polish language at AllExperts
		Polish is the main representative of the Lechitic branch of the West Slavic languages.
		It is by far the most widely used minority language in the Vilnius County (26% of the population, according to the 2001 census results), but it is also present in other counties.
		Latin was a language known to a larger or smaller degree by most of the numerous szlachta in the 16th to 18th centuries.
	en.allexperts.com /e/p/po/polish_language.htm (2418 words)

	Polish_language information. LANGUAGE SCHOOL EXPLORER
		Polish is the main representative of the Lechitic branch of the West Slavic languages.
		The Polish language is the most widely spoken of the Slavic language subgroup of the Lechitic languages which include Kashubian (the only surviving dialect of the Pomeranian language) and the extinct Polabian language.
		The Kashubian language, spoken in the Pomorze region west of GdaÅsk on the Baltic sea is closely related to Polish, and was once considered a dialect by some.
	www.school-explorer.com /Polish (3258 words)

	ipedia.com: Polish language Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Polish (polski, język polski) is the official language of Poland.
		In the western and northern territories, resettled in large measure by Poles from the territories annexed by the Soviet Union, the older generation came to speak a language characteristic of the former eastern provinces.
		The Polish language, together with other Lekhitic languages (Kashubian, Polabian), Upper and Lower Sorbian, Czech and Slovak, belongs to the West branch of Slavic languages.
	www.ipedia.com /polish_language.html (1600 words)

	Ethnologue 14 report for language code:CSB
		The following is the entry for this language as it appeared in the 14th edition (2000).
		It has been superseded by the corresponding entry in the 15th edition (2005).
		The left bank of the Lower Vistula in north central Poland, near the Baltic coast, west of the Bay of Gdansk, and a narrow strip inland, southwest from Gdynia.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=CSB (95 words)

	Kashubian - UniLang Wiki
		Kashubian language belongs to the west branch of the Slavonic languages.
		Together with Polish and extinct Polabian, Slovincian (Pomeranian, very close to Kashubian) and the languages of the Slavonic tribes living in Rügen, Brandenburg and Mecklenburg, it forms the Lekhitic group (the northern subgroup of the west-Slavonic languages).
		Comparing it with the closest, Polish language, Kashubian is still keeping ancient Polish vocabulary, a special (double) number, or phonemes that do not exist in Polish anymore.
	home.unilang.org /main/wiki2/index.php/Kashubian (213 words)

	Kashubian Heritage
		The Kashubian people come from a small area in Europe that is roughly the size of New Mexico.
		They speak Kashubian, a language that is not understood by the Poles, partly because it has more than 70 dialects.
		When the Kashubian people immigrated to Winona they were not accepted by the German immigrants with open arms.
	studentwebs.winona.edu /eathiel1033/page4.htm (462 words)

	The Kashub Language in Canada
		The Polish Kashub people in Wilno and area brought two languages from Poland in 1858: the language they speak at home and at work is the Kashub language; but the language of their church is the Polish language.
		The Kashub culture has been fighting for centuries to lay claim that their language has a name and is not a dialect of another language but a language that stands on its own, having 76 different dialects itself.
		This language is spoken by fourth, fifth and even a few sixth generation Canadian Kashubs, but it is a language that is on the verge of being lost forever.
	www.wilno.org /culture/language.html (582 words)

	languagehat
		I tried my usual amateur haruspication of the template and gave up in despair; Caterina stepped into the breach, waved her magic wand over it, and hey presto!—the poor little blog was good as new, wagging its tail and begging for new entries.
		It is a pity that this Universal language cannot again be the Saharan of our ancestors, because it is just too complicated and too difficult to learn, but the oldest highly developed language in all the world shall not be allowed to die.
		It would be a worthy "Year 2000" project for the U.N. posted by language at 3:31 PM From a beautiful little book by Predrag Matvejevic (translated from the Croatian by Michael Henry Heim) featuring lots of centuries-old maps and drawings of cities and the kind of rambling but painstakingly precise commentary I love:
	www.languagehat.blogspot.com (1672 words)

	KORMAN :: Hotel :: bicycle tour :: accommodation :: bed and breakfast :: by the sea :: cheap room's
		There are primary and secondary schools which teach in Kashubian, and in 1987, for John Paul Il`s visit to Gdansk the ‘Weijmk ze Swiętech Pismion Nowego Testamentu’ or bible in Kashubian was published.
		As a resuly, Kashubian is incereasingly heard in churches.
		The Kashubian language is special not just because it has maintained elements of old Slavic mixed with Polish and some German words.
	www.korman.pcbird.pl /kashubia.html (1365 words)

	There are two languages used in Poland... Polish and Kashubian. - ... - by Krystian
		In 1995 Polish govern official called it as a language and let it be in official use in some communes of Pomeranian Voivodship.
		Kashubians learn it at schools and it's an obligatory subject.
		Today in Kashubian speak about 53 000 people and for many of them this is their first native language insted of Polish.
	my.opera.com /Munus/blog/show.dml/355021 (657 words)

	TABU-day 2000: abstracts submitted
		However, for languages that explicitly mark the perfective/imperfective distinction in their past tenses, such as French and Modern Greek, it has been observed that such languages use the imperfective past rather than the perfective past in counterfactual contexts (e.g.
		For these languages past tenses in complement clauses are dependent and in relative clauses they are independent, which means that the only time-reference point is the utterance time of the sentence.
		Kashubian, which is spoken today in the northern part of Poland, is the last non-Germanized remnant of Pomeranian dialects once spoken along the Baltic between the lower Vistula and the lower Elbe.
	odur.let.rug.nl /events/tabu/2000/abstr.html (6164 words)

	Quick and Simple Language Courses - online. Linguistics Resources.
		Inglisx is basically the same as Blitz-English the only difference being that it is written purely in a unique, simple and understandable phonetic spelling system.
		Russian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Slovene, Croatian, Serbian, Bulgarian, Ukrainian, Belorussian, Sorbian, Macedonian, Bosnan, Ruthenian, Kashubian..
		Worry no more, now there is simplified Slavic Language SLOVIO which can be understood by some 400 million speakers around the world and which is one of the simplest and easiest languages in the World.
	www.quicklanguage.com (162 words)

	Kaszëbsczi Słowôrz \| Kashubian Dictionary \| Słownik Kaszubski - Kashubian Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Kashubian, Cassubian is one of the Lekhitic languages, which are a group of Slavonic languages.
		It is assumed that it evolved from the language spoken by some tribes of Pomeranians called Kashubians, in the region of Pomerania on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea between the Vistula and Oder rivers.
		It is closely related to the Slovincian language, and both of them are Pomeranian language dialects.
	www.cassubia-dictionary.com /index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=24&Itemid=124 (254 words)

	BOOKS BOOKS and CDs received: SR, JANUARY 2005
		The researchers confirmed their initial hypothesis that the vitality of the Kashubian language in the village of Glodnica is high.
		She considers the language to be a part of Kashubian identity, and points to the role of teachers and schools in revitalizing the language.
		Lastly, Ferdinard Neureiter, an Austrian scholar, describes his “Path to Kashubians.” He is the author of a History of Kashubian Literature (Gdańsk, 1982), and has been honored for his studies in Kashubian culture by the Polish authorities.
	www.ruf.rice.edu /~sarmatia/105/251books.html (2446 words)

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