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Topic: Kataeb Party (Lebanon)

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Politics of Lebanon

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	Pierre Gemayel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		He is remembered as the founder of the Kataeb Party (also known as the Phalange Party, as a parliamentary powerbroker, and as the father of Bachir Gemayel and Amine Gemayel, both of whom were elected President of the Republic in his lifetime.
		Accordingly, on his return to Lebanon in 1936, he founded the Kataeb Party together with four colleagues, one of whom was Charles Hélou, who later served as Lebanon's President from 1964 to 1970.
		In the 1970s, the Kataeb was to build a private army, which came to be commanded by Gemayel's son Bachir, to oppose the armed Palestinian presence in Lebanon.
	www.casimiro.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/p/pi/pierre_gemayel.html (1009 words)

	Political Parties and Electoral Systems in Lebanon and Israel: Interactive Reinforcement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		In Lebanon, the role of political parties has been weak, specifically in the tendency for traditional and neotraditional forces to be emphasized while the role of political parties is being undermined by these forces.
		The relatively weak political role of the political parties in Lebanon is attributed to the structure of these parties, which remained highly confessional and depended heavily on individual traditional communal leaders.
		The secular parties have not been able yet to play a national role, and the trend in recent years, especially in the post-Civil War period (1990-present), has been the marginalization of these parties, as is the case with leftist parties.
	ddc.aub.edu.lb /projects/pspa/krayem/krayem.html (2084 words)

	The EU's relations with Lebanon - Overview
		The EU response to the crisis in Lebanon
		Lebanon is one of the EU’s long-standing partners in the framework of the Euro Mediterranean Partnership.
		Lebanon is party to a number of trade agreements with neighbouring countries in the region.
	ec.europa.eu /comm/external_relations/lebanon/intro (5161 words)

	Politics of Lebanon
		Lebanon has a parliamentary democracy within the overall framework of confessionalism, in which the highest offices are proportionately reserved for representatives from certain religious communities.
		Sunni parties have not been the standard vehicle for launching political candidates, and tend to focus across Lebanon's borders on issues that are important to the community at large.
		In addition to domestic parties, there are branches of pan-Arab secular parties (Ba'ath parties, socialist and communist parties) that were active in the 1960s and throughout the period of civil war.
	www.anime.co.za /wiki/Politics_of_Lebanon (1877 words)

	Fakhamat Al Malak
		And under Fouad Chehab’s presidency, the party formed a triple alliance along with the NLP and the Nationalists.
		It was then that the party’s role and the role of its founder Sheikh Pierre Gemayel started to weaken, eclipsed by the charisma of Sheikh Bachir Gemayel and the birth of his “Lebanese Forces”.
		And although the party instated the “Taef”and regardlessof Georges Saadeh’s efforts to remedy to its weakness, the party suffers todayand incomparable disunity, especially with Karim Bakradoni’s takeover and the seclusion of Sheikh Amin Gemayel.
	www.reachmediatv.com /kataeb.htm (322 words)

	Lebanese War Website Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The Lebanese Renewal Party (LRP) is a banned political party in Lebanon formed in 1972 as the political arm of the paramilitary force known as the Guardians of the Cedars.
		During the Lebanese Civil War, the party and its militia was a small but active part of the Maronite-led alliance fighting the Lebanese National Movement (LNM) of Kamal Jumblatt, and its Palestinian allies in the Rejectionist Front and PLO.
		During the early fighting in the war, the party was implicated in the massacres of Karantina and Tel al-Zaatar.
	www.lebwar.org /political_parties/political_parties_id=18.htm (364 words)

	Bachir Gemayel
		By August 30, he was appointed head of the unified command of the Lebanese Forces, a coalition of the Christian militias of the Kataeb Party, National Liberal Party, the Tanzim and the Guardians of the Cedars.
		It was later discovered that two members of the National Syrian Socialist Party one of whom was related to the owners of the building in which the Ashrafieh Kataeb offices were located, were the instigators of the bombing and that Syria was behind the assassination.
		He wanted it a strong political party and a strong military power whenever the Lebanese army failed to defend the country as was the case in 1975.
	www.angelfire.com /oz/lbcedar/bachirfounder.html (1448 words)

	Political Parties (Lebanon) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Parties usually unite members of the same religion and have an army of their own.
		This is the party of the Jamail family and has a rich history, so its flag may have changed during the ages.
		At the Kataeb Party website there is a stylized cedar (top green, bottom purplish), surrounded by Arabic texts.
	www.netlinkit.dk /fotw/flags/lb}.html (826 words)

	Ya Libnan \| Lebanon: Past, present and future \| Live News from Lebanon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		At such a historic turning point for Lebanon, having Emile Lahoud, a pro-Syrian President while the nation moves on from a contentious 30 year occupation, is at the very least frustrating and dissatisfactory circumstance.
		Metn MP Pierre Gemayel is son of the former President Amin Gemayel and grandson of late Sheikh Pierre Gemayel, the founder of the Kataeb party and a prominent politician.
		The Shiite parties, Amal and Hezbollah also have young, resourceful and competent members, but they are not as visible as it should be, taking in consideration that the old guard had enough time to prove its capabilities, and now it is the time to let others step into the middle of the action.
	yalibnan.com /site/archives/2006/01/lebanon_past_pr.php (2515 words)

	Chapter 9
		The decision was obviously dictated by feelings of grief and bereavement, fanatic attachment to the Kataeb Party from which they all came, and to cut the ground from under President Camille Chamoun’s feet, as he had the favors of the Israelis.
		The players in the Christian arena were the President, the Kataeb Party, the hardline "Independentists" of the Lebanese Forces and the «moderate» Lebanese Forces.
		The Kataeb Party, with all its might and supremacy, committed itself to his care, and he simmered his way up undisturbed, striking secret alliances and luring supporters blindly devoted to him into believing in him and following in his footsteps.
	www.aceviper.net /members/cobra/09.html (1606 words)

	Elections in Lebanon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lebanon's national legislature is called the Assembly of Representatives (Majlis al-Nuwab in Arabic).
		Lebanon has numerous political parties, but they play a much less significant role in Lebanese politics than they do in most parliamentary democracies.
		Especially outside of the major cities, elections tend to focus more on local than national issues, and it is not unusual for a party to join an electoral ticket in one constituency while aligned with a rival party - even an ideologically opposite party - in another constituency.
	88.208.194.172 /wiki/index.php/Elections_in_Lebanon (581 words)

	The Lebanese Kataeb Abroad -Our Hero (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		He was the youngest child, the second son, of Pierre Gemayel, founder of the Kataeb Social Democratic Party of Lebanon.
		In the meantime, having been a member of the Kataeb Party since his youth, he was appointed the Political Director of the Ashrafieh district of Beirut in 1972
		The situation in Lebanon was steadily deteriorating, with continued violent outbreaks of fighting between the armed Palestinians and the Lebanese Army.
	www.al-kataeb.org /Our-Hero.html (868 words)

	Samir Geagea Biography (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		He belonged to student branches of the Kataeb party, the largest Christian party in the country.
		Geagea, now responsible for the Lebanese Forces and the Kataeb along northern front, moved to a convent in the upper mountains of Jbeil where he reorganized the youth, opened training centers, and began the development of fortifications opposite Syrian positions.
		It was during this period that his opposition to the Christian and Lebanese situation began to be known-most notably his critiques of the traditional Christian establishment and its dedication to personal profits at the expense of the public interest.
	www.lebanese-forces.org.cob-web.org:8888 /hakim/biography.htm (905 words)

	Lebanon – What is behind the conflict? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Lebanon was in fact created in such a way as to have a precarious ethnic balance.
		The Phalange (the Kataeb Party) is a right-wing party that was first established as a youth movement in 1936 by Gemayel's grandfather, Pierre Gemayel.
		The Party was modelled on European fascist movements after his visit to the Berlin Olympic Games, where he was impressed with the organisation of the Nazi Party.
	www.marxist.com /lebanon-myth-conflict-civil-war061206.htm (3640 words)

	Lebanonwire.com \| Lebanon News Highlights
		Solana, who arrived from Israel, is scheduled to start his official talks in Lebanon on Saturday by meeting Foreign Minister Fawzi Salloukh, Speaker Nabih Berri and Lebanese Prime Minister Fouad Seniora before heading to southern Lebanon to meet with the head of UNIFIL troops stationed there, General Allain Pillgrini of France.
		US State Department Director of Foreign Assistance Randall Tobias, in Lebanon on a two-day visit, announced his country's pledge to rebuild the Mdairej bridge in Lebanon, the highest in the Middle East, which was damaged by Israeli bombs during the war this summer.
		Lebanon's National Liberal Party, in a statement issued Friday, rejected the time span specified by Speaker Berri for discussing the national unity government and the election saying that "accepting this would be an act surrendering to those who intended it as a Trojan horse in the context of threatening to resort to the street."
	www.lebanonwire.com /0610MLN/06102808NHLW.asp (1176 words)

	Lebanese Phalanx (Lebanon) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		This is the party of the Jamail [Gemayel] family and has a rich history, so its flag may have changed during the ages.
		The Christians had two parties, the Jamail family one and the Chamoun family one (Ahrar).
		At the Kataeb Party website [broken link] there is a stylized cedar (top green, bottom purplish), surrounded by Arabic texts.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/lb}katae.html (473 words)

	GovLebExile
		The Government of Free Lebanon in Exile rejects any effort by the puppet, Syrian controlled Government in Lebanon to split the Lebanese Forces, the Kataeb Party, and weaken the Christian society by installing Lebanese traitors as the titular heads of the Christian community in Lebanon.
		The Lebanese Forces and The Kataeb Party have sacrificed thousands of Lebanese martyrs for Lebanon's freedom and independence; it is a day of shame for Lebanon's patriots to lose hope and support the illegal Syrian occupation of Lebanon.
		This religious and national split was a military, political maneuver to consolidate their occupation by coercing a balance between the communities in the country, and simultaneously transforming Lebanon into a nest for harboring, protecting, and supporting all the terror organizations.
	www.free-lebanon.com /LFPNews/GovLebExile/govlebexile.html (333 words)

	BASHIR GEMAYEL (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		He was the second and youngest son of Pierre Gemayel, founder of the Phalange Party (Kataeb) in Lebanon.
		The Lebanese Forces being a coalition of of Christian militias of the Kataeb Party (Phalange), National Liberal Party, Tanzim, and the Guardians of the Cedars.
		In 1971, he was appointed inspector in the Kataeb Regular Forces, which was the para-military branch of the Kataeb party.
	www.falange.us.cob-web.org:8888 /bashir.htm (2918 words)

	Lebanese Political Parties: The Kataeb Party (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The Kataeb Party (also known as The Phalange Party) was founded by Sheik Pierre Gemayel in 1936.
		Throughout the 1960s the party was considered one of the largest political organizations within the Lebanese political system.
		In the 1970s, The Kataeb Party evolved into a private militia under the leadership of Bashir Gemayel, the founder’s son.
	www.arabfilm.com /item_print.html?itemID=291 (111 words)

	The Lebanese Kataeb \| Home \| Our Founder
		Sheikh Pierre Gemayel, founder and leader of the Lebanese Kataeb Party and father of two Presidents of the Lebanese Republic, the late President-elect Sheikh Bashir Gemayel and the former President Sheikh Amine Gemayel.
		In the early days of the Kataeb Party, the Party opposed both the attempts by the pan-Arabists to dominate Lebanon and the French efforts to dominate Lebanon under the mandate.
		By 1943, the Kataeb membership reached 35,000 due to their increasing popularity and a change of rules which allowed women to join the party.
	www.el-kataeb.org /founder.htm (601 words)

	President Beshir Gemayel, Founder of the L.F.
		His father was Pierre Gemayel, founder and president of the Lebanese Kataeb party.
		In 1974, he founded the “B.G.” squad, the core of the Lebanese Forces, which was formed by university students in order to face the Palestinian military danger, reflected at that time by armed barricades, kidnapping and attacks on citizens.
		He was killed along with many of his companions in the explosion of the Kataeb headquarters in the Achrafieh sector on September 14, 1982.
	www.lebanesefront.com /Page9.html (1216 words)

	The Lebanese Kataeb Abroad -The Founder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Since his family openly expressed hostility to Ottoman rule in Lebanon, his father and uncle were sentenced to death by the Ottoman authorities.
		He founded the Kataeb Party in 1936 with four other young Lebanese: Charles Helou (who later became a President of Lebanon), Shafic Nassif, Emile Yared and Georges Naccache.
		Sheikh Pierre and the Kataeb Party have always believed in an independent and sovereign Lebanon free of all foreign influence.
	www.al-kataeb.org /The-Founder.html (549 words)

	Kataeb Party (Lebanon) biography .ms (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The Kataeb Party, better known in English-speaking countries as the Phalange, is a Lebanese political party that was first established as a Maronite nationalist youth movement in 1936 by Pierre Gemayel.
		The influence of the Phalangists was very limited in the early years of Lebanon's independence, but came to prominence as a champion of the Christian cause in the crise of 1958.
		The party is still a significant player on the political scene, despite being divided into two separate factions that virtually amount to separate parties, one being led by Amin Gemayel and the other by Karim Pakradouni.
	phalangist.biography.ms.cob-web.org:8888 (332 words)

	LEBANON ~ Tag Share at Blog-City
		Last week, I said I was displeased and disgusted by signs that the Bush administration is preparing to abandon its visionary foreign policy and embrace the Kissingerian realpolitik of Bush 41 pragmatists like James Baker and Robert Gates, by the...
		Events in Lebanon - and whats sure to be an ongoing struggle to turn it into Hezbollahland - leave me even more displeased and disgusted by the prospect that our policy decisions regarding the Middle East, Iraq, and the War Against Islamofascism...
		Nothing happens by accident in Lebanon and political detectives - as opposed to the police kind who wont find Gemayels killers - must look beyond Lebanons frontiers to understand why ghosts may soon climb out of the mass graves of the civil war.
	www1.blog-city.com /community/tagshare/?/lebanon (1185 words)

	Amin Gemayel Says His Family’s History "Runs Parallel To Lebanon’s"
		Amin Gemayel was elected president of Lebanon on Sept. 23, 1982, thus coming to power in the midst of the Israeli siege of Beirut and the height of Lebanon’s bloody civil war.
		It was either a national civilian government, composed of all the rival factions, or a cabinet based on one of the institutions still surviving in Lebanon [either the military or judiciary].
		The General, as he is known in Lebanon, led a full-scale war against Syria, occupying the presidential palace at Baabda, while Hoss led a rival cabinet in Beirut.
	www.wrmea.com /archives/october01/0110029.html (1978 words)

	Society and Culture : Politics : Parties : Kataeb Libanguide :-: Lebanon guide gallery and discussion
		The C.F.P.A. is the first Falangist Party in America and is dedicated to fighting the 'Forces of Darkness' which seeks to destroy Western Christian Civilization.
		Kataeb is a social democratic party founded in 1936 as a national mouvement to secure lebanon's independence and to advance the social rights of the lebanese.
		A Kataeb MSN group that contains a good quantity of pictures, and a messageboard where members can discuss issues with other members.
	www.libanguide.com /Society_and_Culture/Politics/Parties/Kataeb (181 words)

	Bill's Bites: Lebanon
		BEIRUT, Lebanon — Lebanon's political crisis moved toward a new danger point Saturday as the U.S.-backed government approved an international tribunal for suspects in the 2005 assassination of a former prime minister Rafik Hariri despite warnings of mass protests by its opponent Hezbollah.
		The Kataeb party, of which Gemayel is a member, is calling on people to excercise self restraint.
		Peretz said that nevertheless, Israel would continue to patrol the skies over Lebanon as long as United Nations resolution 1701 remained unfilfilled, adding that such operations were critical for the country’s security, especially as the abducted IDF soldiers remain in Hezbollah custody and the transfer of arms continue.
	www.smalltownveteran.net /bills_bites/lebanon/index.html (11341 words)

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