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	Kataeb Party - Biocrawler
		The Kataeb Party, better known in English-speaking countries as the Phalange, is a Lebanese political party that was first established as a Maronite nationalist youth movement in 1936 by Pierre Gemayel.
		In retaliation for Bashir Gemayel assassination, a Phalangist unit lead by Elie Hobeika committed the Sabra and Shatila Massacre in September 1982 while Israeli forces were guarding the entrances.
		The party is still a significant player on the political scene, despite being divided into two separate factions that virtually amount to separate parties, one being led by Amine Gemayel (who returned from exile in 2000), and the other by Karim Pakradouni.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Kataeb_Party_%28Lebanon%29 (409 words)

	Kataeb (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It was founded in 1936 as an independence movement, and is often known as a Falangist party.
		Kataeb Reformist Movement Kataeb is a social democratic party founded in 1936 as a national mouvement to secure lebanon's independence and to advance the social rights of the lebanese.
		Christian Falangist Party of America The C.F.P.A. is the first Falangist Party in America and is dedicated to fighting the "Forces of Darkness" which seeks to destroy Western Christian Civilization.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Kataeb.html (233 words)

	Bashir Gemayel
		He was born in Beirut, the son of Pierre Gemayel[?], founder of the Lebanese Kataeb party[?].
		In 1971, he was appointed inspector in the para-military branch of the Kataeb party, the Kataeb Regular Forces.
		In 1976, he became president of the Kataeb Military Council and formed the Unified Lebanese Forces to combat Syrian advances.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ba/Bashir_Gemayel.html (255 words)

	Kataeb 1
		The Phalange party was first established as a Christian nationalist youth movement in 1936 by Pierre Gemayel, a pharmacist and scion of a prominent family in the town of Bikfayya, north of Beirut, along with such figures as George Nackashe, Charles Helou (a future president of Lebanon, from 1964-1970), Shafic Nassif and Emil Yared.
		While the party's membership was almost exclusively Christian (and predominantly Maronite Christian), its ideology embraced the multi-confessional demography of the newly-independent Lebanese state and promoted the notion of a distinctly Lebanese people descended from the ancient Phoenicians.
		He was elected to the party's political bureau in 1970 and thereafter remained in the party's top echelon, leading the so-called "Arabist" faction of the Phalange which favored close ties with Syria.
	www.falangist.com /kataeb1.htm (3122 words)

	Kataeb Party Information
		The Kataeb Social Democratic Party الكتائب اللبنانية, better known as the Phalange, is a Lebanese political party that was first established as a youth movement in 1936 by Pierre Gemayel.
		The influence of the Phalangists was very limited in the early years of Lebanon's independence, but came to prominence as a champion of the Christian cause in the crisis of 1958.
		From 2002, with the help of Syria, Karim Pakradouni is the president of the party but Amine Gemayel became the supreme president of the party after a reconciliation in 2005.
	www.bookrags.com /Kataeb_Party (384 words)

	Political Parties and Electoral Systems in Lebanon and Israel: Interactive Reinforcement
		After 1982, many political parties, on both sides, were transformed into militias as the militarization of the parties eventually led to the parties being controlled by their military wings.
		The secular parties have not been able yet to play a national role, and the trend in recent years, especially in the post-Civil War period (1990-present), has been the marginalization of these parties, as is the case with leftist parties.
		In the post-Civil-War period, the "Islamic" parties became well represented and well organized, in contrast to the unoraganized and under-rep resented political movements and currents in the "Christian" areas, especially tile phenomenon of Aounism, a movement of supporters of General Michael Aoun, the previous army leader and head of the transitional military government.
	ddc.aub.edu.lb /projects/pspa/krayem/krayem.html (2084 words)

	Political Parties (Lebanon) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Parties usually unite members of the same religion and have an army of their own.
		This is the party of the Jamail family and has a rich history, so its flag may have changed during the ages.
		At the Kataeb Party website there is a stylized cedar (top green, bottom purplish), surrounded by Arabic texts.
	www.netlinkit.dk /fotw/flags/lb}.html (826 words)

	info: Kataeb_Party_(Lebanon) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The party was first established as a youth movement in 1936 by Pierre Gemayel;Its official name is the Social Democratic Party and its motto was: God, nation, family.
		In April 1975, party's militiamen were involved in what is considered as the spark that set-off the Lebanese war, the Bus massacre.
		In the days that follow, the 8,000 men-strong party militia was heavily engaged in the streets fights with its allies, the Tigers militia and others right-wing formations, against the Palestinians militias and the Lebanese National Movement.
	www.napoli-pizza.net /Kataeb_Party_%28Lebanon%29.html (1009 words)

	Osmanlı Tarihi Kültürü Medeniyeti Edebiyatı Sanatı
		He is remembered as the founder of the Kataeb Party (also known as the Phalangist Party, as a parliamentary powerbroker, and as the father of Bachir Gemayel and Amine Gemayel, both of whom were elected to the Presidency of the Republic in his lifetime.
		The Kataeb built a private army, which came to be commanded by Gemayel's son Bachir, and was secretly armed, trained, and funded by Israel.
		It is one of the many ironies of Lebanese politics that a party that initially drew inspiration from the virulently anti-semitic Nazi movement in Germany was later to become a close collaborator with the Jewish state.
	www.osmanlimedeniyeti.com /wiki/Pierre_Gemayel_.html (857 words)

	Kataeb Party
		The Kataeb Social Democratic Party (Arabic: الكتائب اللبنانية, Kataeb is the plural of Katiba wich means Brigade in Arabic), better known in English as the Phalange, is a right-wing Lebanese political party.
		The Kataeb created a military Security Council lead by William Hawi, which came to be commanded by Pierre Gemayel's son Bachir Gemayel upon the assassination of Hawi in July 1976.
		In August 1976, the party greatly contributed to the formation of the Lebanese Forces, as the military wing of the Lebanese Front, Bachir Gemayel being chosen as its leader.
	www.danceage.com /biography/sdmc_Kataeb_party (708 words)

	Lebanese War Website Information (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Lebanese Renewal Party (LRP) is a banned political party in Lebanon formed in 1972 as the political arm of the paramilitary force known as the Guardians of the Cedars.
		During the Lebanese Civil War, the party and its militia was a small but active part of the Maronite-led alliance fighting the Lebanese National Movement (LNM) of Kamal Jumblatt, and its Palestinian allies in the Rejectionist Front and PLO.
		During the early fighting in the war, the party was implicated in the massacres of Karantina and Tel al-Zaatar.
	www.lebwar.org /political_parties/political_parties_id=18.htm (364 words)

	Chapter 9
		The decision was obviously dictated by feelings of grief and bereavement, fanatic attachment to the Kataeb Party from which they all came, and to cut the ground from under President Camille Chamoun’s feet, as he had the favors of the Israelis.
		The players in the Christian arena were the President, the Kataeb Party, the hardline "Independentists" of the Lebanese Forces and the «moderate» Lebanese Forces.
		The Kataeb Party, with all its might and supremacy, committed itself to his care, and he simmered his way up undisturbed, striking secret alliances and luring supporters blindly devoted to him into believing in him and following in his footsteps.
	www.aceviper.net /members/cobra/09.html (1606 words)

	Amin Gemayel Says His Family’s History "Runs Parallel To Lebanon’s"
		The elder Gemayel, or Sheikh Pierre as he was customarily called in Lebanon, established in 1936 a left-wing pan-Maronite political party called al-Kataeb al-Lubnaniyya (the Lebanese Phalange).
		On Sept. 14, however, shortly before he was to assume his duties, Bashir was assassinated at Kataeb Party headquarters in Beirut’s Ashrafieh district.
		This cannot be done, he argued, as long as the Kataeb face state persecution.
	www.wrmea.com /archives/october01/0110029.html (1978 words)

	Samir Geagea Biography
		He belonged to student branches of the Kataeb party, the largest Christian party in the country.
		Geagea, now responsible for the Lebanese Forces and the Kataeb along northern front, moved to a convent in the upper mountains of Jbeil where he reorganized the youth, opened training centers, and began the development of fortifications opposite Syrian positions.
		It was during this period that his opposition to the Christian and Lebanese situation began to be known-most notably his critiques of the traditional Christian establishment and its dedication to personal profits at the expense of the public interest.
	www.lebanese-forces.org /hakim/biography.htm (905 words)

	Falange at AllExperts
		The command of the party rested upon Manuel Hedilla, as many of the first generation leaders were dead or incarcerated by the Republicans.
		Vastly reduced in size and power today, these Falangist-inspired parties are rarely seen publicly except on ballot papers, in State-funded TV election advertisements, and during demonstrations on historic dates, like November 20 (death of Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera and General Francisco Franco).
		The Kataeb, a political party in Lebanon, also espouses a Falangist ideology, and is the most prominent right-leaning organization in the region; in Bolivia there is a political party called Falange Socialista Boliviana.
	en.allexperts.com /e/f/fa/falange.htm (1209 words)

	Bachir Gemayel
		In 1962, he joined the Kataeb party and became a member in the Kataeb Student Section.
		In 1971, he was appointed inspector in the Kataeb Regular Forces, which was the para-military branch of the Kataeb party.
		He was killed along with many of his companions in the explosion of the Kataeb headquarters in the Achrafieh sector on September 14, 1982.
	www.angelfire.com /oz/lbcedar/bachirtime.html (879 words)

	Parties of Lebanon - Lebanese Forces
		He was the youngest child, the second son, of Pierre Gemayel, founder of the Kataeb Social Democratic Party of Lebanon, The Phalange.
		After the Lebanese-PLO war broke out in April 1975, Bashir joined his fellow militia members of the Kataeb party in fighting against the PLO, he had a direct role in the fighting and was involved in all of the major battles of the first two years.
		By August 30, he was appointed head of the unified command of the Lebanese Forces, a coalition of the Christian militias of the Kataeb Party, National Liberal Party, the Tanzim and the Guardians of the Cedars.
	www.warsoflebanon.com /bashir-gemayel-LF.html (868 words)

	Kataeb Party at AllExperts
		The Kataeb Social Democratic Party Ø§ÙÙØªØ§Ø¦Ø¨ Ø§ÙÙØ¨ÙØ§ÙÙØ©, better known as the Phalange, is a Lebanese political party that was first established as a youth movement in 1936 by Pierre Gemayel.
		The influence of the Phalangists was very limited in the early years of Lebanon's independence, but came to prominence as a champion of the Christian cause in the crisis of 1958.
		Pierre Gemayel died in 1984 and Elie Karameh became the president of the party.
	en.allexperts.com /e/k/ka/kataeb_party.htm (442 words)

	[No title]
		The Kataeb was founded by young patriotic people and lead by sheik Pierre Gemayel for about fifty years.The Kataeb adhere to democratic principale in its organization.
		The basic units of the party are the chapters that exist in many towns and neighborhoods in Lebanon and alsooverseas.
		The Kataeb has a presedent,two vice-president,a general secretary,a political bureau, a central committee(parlement) and departements.
	www.kataeb7.atnaharnet.com /custom.html (128 words)

	Lebanese Phalanx (Lebanon)
		This is the party of the Jamail [Gemayel] family and has a rich history, so its flag may have changed during the ages.
		This flag is the Lebanese Kataeb one, according to the Kataeb Toronto website (image here) and the Kataeb Sweden website (images here and here, photograph here).
		At the Kataeb Party website [broken link] there is a stylized cedar (top green, bottom purplish), surrounded by Arabic texts.
	www.fotw.net /flags/lb}katae.html (500 words)

	UNHCR - Lebanon: Update to LBN29984.E of 17 September 1998 on the current treatment of members of the Al-Kataeb Party
		Gemayel supporters wishing to start another political party claim that they are unable to do so because the government will not grant them a license (ibid.).
		Furthermore, a December 2001 article states that the Phalange party is no longer the important Christian institution it was in the past, and that its leader Pakradouni, owing to Syria's help in getting him the party victory, is a strong "advocate of Syrian hegemony in Lebanon" (Middle East Intelligence Bulletin).
		Parkradouni was allegedly in favour of the mass arrests of anti-Syrian activists in August 2001 (ibid.).
	www.unhcr.org /home/RSDCOI/3f7d4dbf31.html (362 words)

	Bachir Gemayel Biography
		His father was Pierre Gemayel, founder and president of the Lebanese Kataeb party.
		In 1974, he founded the “B.G.” squad, the core of the Lebanese Forces, which was formed by university students in order to face the Palestinian military danger, reflected at that time by armed barricades, kidnapping and attacks on citizens.
		He was killed along with many of his companions in the explosion of the Kataeb headquarters in the Achrafieh sector on September 14, 1982.
	www.lebanese-forces.org /bach/biography.htm (877 words)

	Informat.io on Kataeb Party (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In the aftermath of the war, Pierre Gemayel was appointed to the cabinet, and two years later, was elected to the National Assembly.
		In 1968, the party joined The Helf Alliance formed with the two other big mainly Christian parties in Lebanon: the National Liberal Party of former President Camille Chamoun, and National Bloc of Raymond Eddé.
		From 2002, with the help of Syria, Karim Pakradouni is the president of the party but Amine Gemayel became the supreme president of the party after a reconciliation in 2005.
	www.informat.io /?title=kataeb-party-1 (458 words)

	List of political parties in Lebanon - Article about List of political parties in Lebanon
		Loose coalitions, usually organized locally, are formed for electoral purposes by negotiation among clan leaders and candidates representing various religious communities; such coalitions usually exist only for the election, and rarely form a cohesive bloc in the National Assembly after the election.
		These parties are officially forbidden, but their members still organise activities and participate in elections.
		These groups are not political parties in the classical sense: their members belong to, and in some cases lead, a variety of political parties.
	yawiki.org /proc/List_of_political_parties_in_Lebanon (349 words)

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